Journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Persistent physiological benefits from doping? Ethical implications for sports integrity.","authors":"Pedro L Valenzuela, Sebastian Sitko, Yannis Pitsiladis","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00422.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00422.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of some widely abused doping substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on performance are well documented, particularly in the short term, and the use of these substances is banned by various sporting authorities, with athletes sanctioned from competing for up to 4 years. However, controversy exists on whether residual physiological effects of some doping practices could persist even years after discontinuation, granting unfair advantages to athletes long after sanctions have been served. Particularly, in support of the so-called muscle memory theory, growing evidence in both animals and humans suggests that AAS administration could exert long-term effects at the muscle level, notably a higher number of myonuclei. This effect could enhance retraining/muscle remodeling capacity long after AAS cessation, thus supposing an advantage for doped athletes even +4 years after doping practices have been discontinued. If confirmed, the persistence of physiological improvements resulting from past doping practices raises serious ethical concerns in the sports field and opens the door to lifelong sanctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1068-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological advances in elite sport: Should a line be drawn?","authors":"Brad W Wilkins, Michael J Joyner","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00329.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00329.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"814-815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of local vibration inducing tonic vibration reflex or illusion of movement on maximal wrist force production.","authors":"Nicolas Amiez, Pierre Géhin, Alain Martin, Christos Paizis","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Local vibration (LV) mainly stimulates primary afferents (Ia) and can induce a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) and an illusion of movement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of these two phenomena on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) capacity. LV (80 Hz) was applied to the wrist flexor muscles in two randomized experiments for 6 min. LV conditions were adjusted to promote either TVR (visual focus on the vibrated wrist) or ILLUSION [hand hidden, visual focus on electromyographic activity of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR)]. Mechanical and electromyographic (EMG) responses of the FCR and extensor carpi radialis muscles were recorded during MVIC in flexion and extension and during electrically evoked contractions at supramaximal intensity. Measurements were performed before (10 min and just before) and after (0 and 30 min) LV protocol. An increase in FCR EMG was observed during LV in the TVR condition (+340%) compared with the illusion condition (<i>P</i> = 0.003). In contrast, the movement illusion was greater in the ILLUSION condition (assessed through subjective scales) (<i>P</i> = 0.004). MVIC was reduced in flexion only after the TVR condition ([Formula: see text], all <i>P</i> < 0.034). Moreover, the decrease in force was correlated with the amount of TVR recorded on the FCR muscle (<i>r</i> = -0.64, <i>P</i> = 0.005). Although potentiated doublets of each muscle did not evolve differently between conditions, a decrease was observed between the first and the last measure. In conclusion, when conducting research to assess maximal strength, it is necessary to have better control and reporting of the phenomena induced during LV.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The maximal force production of the vibrated muscle is reduced after 6 min of LV only in TVR condition. Furthermore, the amount of TVR is negatively correlated with this force decrease. When measuring the effects of LV on maximal force production, it is important to control and report any phenomena induced during vibration, such as TVR or movement illusion, which can be achieved by recording EMG activity of vibrated muscle and quantifying illusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"800-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of analysis strategies to assess sex differences in microvascular reperfusion using near-infrared spectroscopy.","authors":"Rian Q Landers-Ramos, Kevin K McCully, Nicolas D Knuth","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) vascular occlusion test (VOT) assesses microvascular reperfusion. Two strategies have been used to quantify reperfusion following reactive hyperemia, but it is unclear whether both yield similar results when comparing biological sex. This study aimed to determine whether sex differences in NIRS-based microvascular reperfusion are similarly apparent using the 10-s reactive hyperemia slope of the tissue saturation index (StO₂) signal (slope 2) and the halftime to maximal reperfusion (T ½). Healthy, recreationally active males (<i>n</i> = 31) and females (<i>n</i> = 31) between 18 and 82 years took part in this study. A NIRS VOT was performed on the tibialis anterior muscle, and reperfusion was quantified using slope 2 (% s^-1) and T ½ (s). Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) was higher in females (<i>P</i> = 0.009), which was associated with a lower StO₂ (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and oxygenated hemoglobin (O₂Hb) (<i>P</i> = 0.05) signal range. The StO₂ slope 2 was significantly steeper in males versus females (<i>P</i> = 0.001) but not after correcting for ATT (<i>P</i> = 0.295). There were no sex differences in StO₂ T ½ (<i>P</i> = 0.067) or O₂Hb T ½ (<i>P</i> = 0.197). In a subset of males (<i>n</i> = 26) and females (<i>n</i> = 21) with similar ATT, there were no sex differences in StO₂ slope 2 (<i>P</i> = 0.068), StO₂ T ½ (<i>P</i> = 0.491), or O₂Hb T ½ (<i>P</i> = 0.899). An ATT-corrected StO₂ slope 2 or the T ½ approach is recommended for analysis of NIRS-based microvascular reperfusion when differences in ATT are present between sexes.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Sex differences in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based microvascular reperfusion have been previously reported. We found that greater adipose tissue thickness in females reduces kinetic measures of NIRS-based microvascular reperfusion. Sex differences are eliminated when performing an adipose tissue thickness correction, when the NIRS signal range is accounted for, or when adipose tissue thickness is similar between sexes. This highlights the importance of considering factors that affect NIRS signals, such as adipose tissue thickness, when drawing comparisons between groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"864-872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The academic career in Brazil: striving for excellence, bearing the burden.","authors":"Géssyca Tolomeu de Oliveira, Anderson Meireles, Rodney Coelho da Paixão, João Guilherme Vieira","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00727.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":"137 4","pages":"1060-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142466253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific tension of human muscle in vivo: a systematic review.","authors":"Lomas S Persad, Zheng Wang, Paula A Pino, Benjamin I Binder-Markey, Kenton R Kaufman, Richard L Lieber","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00296.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00296.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intrinsic force production capability of human muscle can be expressed as \"Specific Tension,\" or, the maximum force generated per cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. This value can be used to determine, for example, whether muscle quality changes during exercise, atrophy, disease, or hypertrophy. A value of 22.5 N/cm² for mammalian muscle has generally become accepted based on detailed studies of small mammals. Determining the specific tension of human muscle is much more challenging as almost all determinations are indirect. Calculation of human muscle specific tension requires an understanding of that muscle's contribution to joint torque, its activation magnitude, tendon compliance, and joint moment arm. Determining any of these parameters is technically challenging in humans and thus, it is no surprise that human specific tension values reported vary from 2 to 73 N/cm². In this systematic review, we screened 1,506 published papers and identified the 30 studies published between 1983 and 2023 that used appropriate methods and which reported 96 human specific tension values. We weighted each parameter based on whether it was directly measured, estimated, or calculated based on the literature, with decreasing weighting used, the more indirect the methods. Based on this exhaustive review of the relevant human literature, we suggest that the most accurate value that should be used for human muscle specific tension is 26.8 N/cm².</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"945-962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isn't limiting technology in sports limiting sports science?","authors":"Cintia Campolina Duarte Rocha da Silva, Caroline Santiago Dos Santos, Rafael Correa Teodoro, Igor Santos Lares, Sandro Fernandes da Silva","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00579.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00579.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":"137 4","pages":"827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olympism should set the limits of the use of technology in elite sports.","authors":"Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00563.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":"137 4","pages":"824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological advances in elite sport: If we draw a line, where would we stop?","authors":"Peter Düking, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00462.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":"137 4","pages":"823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work, life, and exercise: the interconnected pathways to health and productivity.","authors":"Moacir Marocolo, Frederico L Frazão, Hiago L R Souza","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":"137 4","pages":"1058-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142466256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}