Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical Enhancement of Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Generated From Genetically-Modified Bombyx mori Cocoons and Promotes Osteogenesis","authors":"Huan-Xin He,&nbsp;Yu-Kai Huang,&nbsp;Zhi-Yang Gao,&nbsp;Heng-Jie Zeng,&nbsp;Bing-Huang Yao,&nbsp;Di-Han Su,&nbsp;An-Jiang Tan,&nbsp;Xiao-Gang Zhou,&nbsp;Li-Bo Jiang,&nbsp;Ming-Dong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) from <i>Bombyx mori</i> is well known for its outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical characteristics. Spider silk has even better strength and extensibility and is considered one of the best silk fibers in nature. Silkworm fibroin heavy chain in fibroin and major ampullate spidroin-1 in spider silk from the spider <i>Nephila clavipes</i> share similar molecular weight and repetitive structure, which makes the genetic modification of silkworms possible. In our study, a novel hydrogel generated from genetically modified <i>Bombyx mori</i> cocoons was characterized and evaluated for potential clinical application. For the crosslinking of the hydrogel, horseradish peroxidase and H₂O₂ were added to the RSF solution to create a double crosslinking structure. As a result, genetically modified regenerated silk fibroin (GMRSF) hydrogels exhibited better mechanical characteristics compared with RSF hydrogels. Additionally, compared with RSF hydrogels, GMRSF hydrogels exhibited stronger osteogenic differentiation function on rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In vivo, GMRSF hydrogel also showed better osteogenic differentiation function. While the mechanism behind this remains unclear, the outstanding osteogenesis ability of GMRSF sheds light on applications in orthopaedic diseases in the future such as bone defects.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148255215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Glutathione-Releasing Multifunctional Gelatin Methacryloyl/Chitosan/Zeolite Hydrogels for Accelerated Regeneration in Diabetic Wounds","authors":"Fatma Betul Kabadas,&nbsp;Tuba Bedir,&nbsp;Elif Ilhan,&nbsp;Zehra Kanli,&nbsp;Banu Aydin,&nbsp;Elif Kaya,&nbsp;Gulgun Bosgelmez Tinaz,&nbsp;Okan Mustafa Gursoy,&nbsp;Oguzhan Gunduz,&nbsp;Roger Narayan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic diabetic wounds remain a major clinical challenge because of persistent inflammation, excessive oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and high susceptibility to infection. This study aims to develop a multifunctional hydrogel system composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA; 7.5%, 10%, 15%), chitosan (2%), zeolite (1%), and glutathione (0.15 mg/mL) that can concurrently deliver antioxidant therapy, prevent infection, and support tissue regeneration in diabetic wounds. All GelMA/chitosan/zeolite/glutathione (Gel-CZG) hydrogels exhibited solid-like viscoelastic behavior and shear-thinning properties, with increasing GelMA concentration yielding higher stiffness. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of glutathione, chitosan, and zeolite. SEM imaging revealed a highly interconnected porous microstructure, with pore size decreasing as GelMA concentration increased. Sustained glutathione release was achieved for up to 21 days, following a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The hydrogels were cytocompatible, supported fibroblast adhesion and proliferation, and modulated key inflammatory (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP13) and regenerative (e.g., IGF1, COL1A1) genes in a concentration-dependent manner. All formulations demonstrated &gt; 90% antibacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and inhibited <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm formation by ≥ 95%. Overall, the designed Gel-CZG hydrogels provide a robust and tunable platform that integrates sustained glutathione delivery, antibacterial action, and regenerative support.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal Macrophage-MSC Crosstalk Drives Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Phenotypes in a Mineralized Collagen Scaffold","authors":"Vasiliki Kolliopoulos,&nbsp;Maxwell Polanek,&nbsp;Hashni E. Vidana Gamage,&nbsp;Melisande Wong Yan Ling,&nbsp;Aleczandria Tiffany,&nbsp;Erik R. Nelson,&nbsp;Kara L. Spiller,&nbsp;Brendan A. C. Harley","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Critical sized craniomaxillofacial bone defects do not heal naturally and often exhibit chronic inflammatory responses that restrict regeneration. It is increasingly apparent that biomaterials must facilitate dynamic crosstalk between immune cells, such as macrophages, and osteoprogenitors to resolve inflammation and accelerate regeneration. Here, we evaluate interactions between macrophages in a neutral (M0) or pro-inflammatory (M1) state with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a basal or licensed state within a mineralized collagen scaffold. We reveal that MSC-macrophage crosstalk influences significant changes in osteoprogenitor cell differentiation and immune cell polarization. Notably, crosstalk between MSCs and macrophages drives an early-stage inflammatory response, which enhances the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs via secretion of IL-6, an effect that is heightened for already licensed MSCs. The presence of macrophages in the co-cultures upregulated osteogenic (<i>ALPL</i>, <i>BMP2</i>, <i>COL1A2</i>, and <i>RUNX2</i>) and angiogenic genes (<i>ANGPT1</i>) in basal MSC groups. Further, MSC-macrophage interactions subsequently drive increased M2-like macrophage polarization as early as 7 days of culture, as indicated by surface marker expression. These findings show that biomaterial scaffolds can be leveraged as mediators of MSC-mediated immunomodulation with an emphasis on achieving early-stage pro-inflammatory phenotypes that drive subsequent macrophage polarization and markers of increased regenerative potency.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifunctional Electrospun Membrane for Full-Thickness Abdominal Wall Defect Repair","authors":"Qiaolin Ma,&nbsp;Jiajie Liu,&nbsp;Rui Tang,&nbsp;Beili Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengni Liu,&nbsp;Jinglei Wu","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electrospun nanofiber membranes hold promise for abdominal wall repair due to their biomimetic architecture and tunable properties. However, their porous structure often induces an elevated foreign body response (FBR) that impedes tissue integration and remodeling. While previous strategies have employed ibuprofen (IBU) to mitigate inflammation, its non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and rapid systemic clearance limit local therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we functionalized electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/gelatin (Gel) nanofiber-bundle membranes with chitosan (CS) and loxoprofen (LOX), a prodrug-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with enhanced tissue penetration and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selectivity to achieve sustained local immunomodulation while preserving membrane porosity. The PLA/Gel-CS-LOX membrane exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, sustained LOX release over 28 days, and potent antibacterial activity. It showed good cytocompatibility and downregulated pro-inflammatory genes and upregulated anti-inflammatory genes of LPS-stimulated macrophages, and significantly reduced oxygen species (ROS) production. In a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect model, the PLA/Gel-CS-LOX membrane facilitated robust cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and tissue integration. At 90 days post-implantation, regenerated tissues exhibited mechanical properties comparable to native abdominal wall, with optimized collagen remodeling evidenced by balanced matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) expression. These results demonstrate that CS-LOX functionalization represents a promising strategy to modulate inflammatory responses to the electrospun mesh and promote functional tissue remodeling for clinical abdominal wall repair.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceragenin-Loaded Tri-Layered Skin Substitute Composed of Natural and Synthetic Biopolymers for Burn Wound Healing","authors":"Nawal Aljayyousi,&nbsp;Emel Tamahkar Irmak,&nbsp;Esra Karaca,&nbsp;Elif Tümay Özer,&nbsp;Oğuzhan Akgün,&nbsp;Ferda Arı,&nbsp;Aycan Yiğit Çınar,&nbsp;Çağla Bozkurt Güzel,&nbsp;Paul B. Savage,&nbsp;Bilgen Osman","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Burn wounds present significant clinical challenges due to high infection risk, delayed healing, and extensive tissue damage. The development of biomimetic skin substitutes capable of simultaneously supporting tissue regeneration and preventing infection remains a critical need in burn wound management. In this study, a novel ceragenin (CSA-44)-loaded tri-layered skin substitute was developed to mimic the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis and address both wound healing and infection prevention simultaneously. The substitute comprised a poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone) (PCL) film as the upper layer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA)-PCL nanofibers as the middle layer, and a CSA-44-loaded PVA/Gelatin (Gel) hydrogel as the bottom layer. The tri-layered scaffold exhibited a hierarchical porous architecture, high swelling capacity (557.75% ± 52.87%), controlled degradation behavior, and a water vapor transmission rate of 2514.92 ± 63.41 g/m²/day, indicating suitability for maintaining a moist wound environment. Drug release studies demonstrated controlled CSA-44 delivery, with 92.26% ± 6.90% cumulative release after 180 min. The scaffold exhibited strong antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA), with complete inhibition observed within minutes. Cytocompatibility studies using human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells demonstrated that the ceragenin-loaded scaffold maintained acceptable cell viability within the tested concentration range. In addition, co-culture experiments with HaCaT and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells revealed enhanced endothelial tube formation, suggesting a favorable microenvironment for angiogenic signaling. The results suggested that the ceragenin-loaded tri-layered skin substitute holds promise as a multifunctional biomaterial for burn wound management by combining antimicrobial efficacy and tissue regeneration capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Nanohydroxyapatite Composition on 3D-Printed Scaffold Structural Properties","authors":"Maeve M. Kennedy,&nbsp;Vasiliki K. Kolliopoulos,&nbsp;Konstantinos Loukelis,&nbsp;Luis Diaz-Gomez,&nbsp;Andrew D. Goin,&nbsp;Elias C. Sikavitsas,&nbsp;Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka,&nbsp;Ellena Jeon,&nbsp;Felix J. Wang,&nbsp;Varun Gunda,&nbsp;Antonios G. Mikos","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone tissue engineering scaffolds should be biocompatible, match the mechanical properties of native bone, and degrade at a rate that facilitates tissue regeneration. However, most scaffolds will excel in only one or two of these areas while sacrificing the others. This study aims to vary poly(<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ varepsilon $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-caprolactone) (PCL) molecular weight blend ratios (100:0, 70:30, and 50:50 25 kDa:14 kDa PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) ceramic content (0, 30, and 40 wt%) to design 3D-printed scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties and degradation kinetics. Nine different 3D-printing inks were created, all of which exhibited similar thermal properties. While 40 wt% nHA fibers had a homogeneous distribution of nHA, 30 wt% nHA fibers exhibited significant differences in nHA radial distribution, as characterized by micro-computed tomography. PCL with blended molecular weights had the highest compressive moduli, whereas the 0 and 30 wt% nHA groups had the highest stress at yield and peak stress before becoming brittle like the 40 wt% nHA groups. An accelerated degradation study resulted in increased PCL mass loss in the presence of nHA, suggesting nHA promoted accelerated degradation of PCL. These findings demonstrate that blending polymer molecular weights and incorporating ceramic content provides an effective means of tailoring 3D-printing inks to produce scaffolds with application-specific mechanical and degradation properties. In summary, the key novel contributions of the present work are the blending of different PCL molecular weights, the incorporation of relatively high wt% nHA, and the quantification of radial nHA distribution in individual printed fibers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pepsin Concentration Affects Structural, Physico-Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels","authors":"Mariana Pires Figueiredo,&nbsp;Francesco Copes,&nbsp;Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández,&nbsp;Eric Pouliot,&nbsp;Alain Doyen,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy,&nbsp;Diego Mantovani","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has emerged as a promising material for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), particularly for hydrogel development. Although dECM offers unmatched biochemical complexity compared to collagen type I (Coll-I), the most abundant protein in dECM and widely used in TERM, it is often reported that extraction processing—particularly pepsin digestion—compromises protein integrity and functional performance. Digestion protocols typically use 1 mg/mL pepsin and a 10:1 dECM/pepsin weight ratio, potentially leading to excessive degradation of structural proteins and diminished biological performance. This study investigated the effects of reduced pepsin concentrations (0.75 and 0.5 mg/mL) on structural, physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological features of porcine pericardium dECM hydrogels (10 mg/mL), compared to Coll-I. Compared to the standard digestion protocol, lower pepsin levels significantly improved the preservation of collagen's secondary structure and thermal stability (from 317°C ± 4°C to 324°C ± 1°C). Hydrogels digested with 0.5 mg/mL pepsin exhibited an elastic modulus of 119 ± 12 kPa, 2–3 times higher than standard dECM (65 ± 6 kPa) and Coll-I (41 ± 2 kPa), and a storage modulus of 1.5 ± 0.1 kPa, approximately twice that of the standard dECM (0.8 ± 0.1 kPa) and Coll-I (0.7 ± 0.1 kPa) hydrogels. Human dermal fibroblasts showed enhanced adhesion and over twice the viability on these optimized hydrogels. Despite dECM's intrinsic compositional advantages, its performance can be diminished by harsh digestion. Our findings highlight pepsin concentration as a critical and tunable parameter that governs the mechanical integrity and cellular responses of dECM hydrogels. Optimizing this variable enables the development of more robust, bioactive, and scalable dECM hydrogels tailored for TERM applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-Material Characteristics Determine Fibrous Encapsulation Dynamics Across Common Polymeric Surgical Biomaterials in a Tissue-Specific Mouse Foreign Body Response Model","authors":"Nikita Kalashnikov,&nbsp;Rahul Thareja,&nbsp;Joshua Vorstenbosch","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Common polymeric surgical biomaterials are susceptible to dysregulated fibrous encapsulation, which contributes to failure in 10% of implantable medical devices. While biomaterial factors influencing the underlying foreign body response have been extensively studied, the role of the implantation site—specifically the tissue microenvironment—remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the tissue-specificity of the foreign body response by evaluating fibrous encapsulation around clinically-relevant synthetic non-biodegradable polymers across distinct tissue microenvironments. We first characterize the physicochemical properties of PDMS, PP, PTFE, HDPE and nylon, and develop a mouse model that enables direct within-animal comparisons of fibrous capsule formation next to skin, bone, fat, fascia and muscle. Using this model and these biomaterials, we histologically assess the extent and quality of fibrous encapsulation at 7 and 28 days for all biomaterial-tissue combinations. At 7 days, capsules adjacent to muscle are the thickest, but—at 28 days—capsules in contact with bone and fascia reach comparable thicknesses, which are significantly greater than those of capsules adjacent to skin. Although PTFE and nylon elicit less fibrous encapsulation at 28 days than some of the other biomaterials, adjacent tissue type has a substantially greater influence on fibrous encapsulation than stiffness, roughness or wettability. Interestingly, more vascularized tissues (i.e., skin and muscle) do not show significant differences in capsule thickness over time, suggesting that they may promote a more rapid initiation and stabilization of the foreign body response. Together, these findings identify adjacent tissue type as a dominant predictor of fibrous encapsulation for common polymeric surgical biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zein Scaffold Preparation for Cultivated Meat","authors":"Edward B. Gordon,&nbsp;Amin Nikkhah,&nbsp;Sabrina Madiedo-Podvrsan,&nbsp;David L. Kaplan,&nbsp;Nicole Tichenor Blackstone","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cellular agriculture represents the intersection of biomaterials and cell science aimed at achieving high-quality, protein-rich, sustainable products. Developing cultivated meat products that address environmental and societal challenges requires the use of natural materials that support the replication of the characteristics of traditional meats while supporting cell growth in a scalable, low environmental impact process. Here, we utilize porogen leaching to form porous zein scaffolds that provide mechanical properties (Young's Modulus of 294 ± 102 kPa) and composition (75%–80% water and 20%–25% protein and cells) mimicking commercially available meat (e.g., rump roast), while supporting the growth of immortalized bovine satellite muscle cells. Over 2 weeks, cells showed significant growth and surface coverage even after initial low attachment. Enzyme-based food softening methods were used to reduce the mechanical properties of the scaffolds to replicate the consumer post purchasing process of tenderizing meat. The process developed was analyzed by life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA results indicated that deionized water used for leaching the porogen was the primary contributor to environmental impact (e.g., global warming and water consumption), highlighting that scaffold environmental sustainability is influenced not only by feedstock selection but also by processing decisions. The zein scaffolds demonstrated promising mechanical, chemical, and cell supportive characteristics for cellular agriculture goals. Future research should focus on zein processing and sensory analyses to ensure meat-like outcomes in the final products, as well as sustainable design of scale up processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Collagen Composites With Chemically Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Particles for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications","authors":"Christian E. Olivetti,&nbsp;María I. Alvarez Echazú,&nbsp;Sandra J. Renou,&nbsp;Sabrina García Cuniglio,&nbsp;Oriana Perna,&nbsp;Martín F. Desimone,&nbsp;Daniel G. Olmedo,&nbsp;Gisela S. Alvarez","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are widely investigated in biomaterials due to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and potential for chemical functionalization. In this study, MSPs were modified with different anionic functional groups (carboxyl, phosphate, and sulfonate) and incorporated into Type I collagen hydrogels to evaluate their structural, biological, and drug-loading behavior in the context of bone tissue engineering. A comprehensive set of analyses including FTIR, SEM/EDS, zeta potential, porosity, drug incorporation, cytocompatibility, in vitro mineralization, and short-term in vivo response was conducted. While calcium phosphate deposition was not observed in functionalized composites, the study reveals key insights into how the surface chemistry of MSPs modulates particle–collagen interactions, drug loading efficiency, and biological responses. Phosphate-modified MSPs showed higher cytotoxicity and interfered with collagen self-assembly, whereas MSPs bearing hydroxyl or carboxyl groups maintained better cytocompatibility and distribution within the matrix. Interestingly, MSPs functionalized with sulfonate groups exhibited enhanced simvastatin loading, likely due to their reduced surface polarity resulting from the formation of siloxane bridges in the oxidation process. In vivo implantation of unloaded composites in a rat tibial defect model confirmed good biocompatibility without evidence of acute inflammation. However, no significant bone formation or biomineralization was detected after 14 days. These findings suggest that excessive negative surface charge may impair ion-mediated mineralization and that the interplay between MSP chemistry and the biological environment must be carefully balanced. This work contributes to understanding the structure–function relationships in hybrid silica-collagen systems and identifies key parameters to optimize in future designs of osteoinductive and drug-eluting scaffolds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}