Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Anticancer Effects Through Combined Therapeutic Model of Macrophage Polarization and Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Multifunctional Lipid Nanocomposites","authors":"Kamonlatth Rodponthukwaji,&nbsp;Ladawan Khowawisetsut,&nbsp;Nathachit Limjunyawong,&nbsp;Natsuda Kunwong,&nbsp;Kongpop Duangchan,&nbsp;Sirinapa Sripinitchai,&nbsp;Sith Sathornsumetee,&nbsp;Tam Nguyen,&nbsp;Chatchawan Srisawat,&nbsp;Primana Punnakitikashem","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the mono-anticancer therapy approach particularly directly targeting tumors is still common, this conventional method is generally deemed not effective and insufficient. In tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs, referred to as M2-polarized) play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive TME, contributing to various pro-tumorigenic effects. A promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth involves re-educating M2 macrophages into tumoricidal macrophages (M1). Therefore, combining macrophage reprogramming with cancer cell death induction in a single modality may offer synergistic benefits in cancer therapy. Here, we engineered a lipid-based delivery platform capable of co-delivering resiquimod (R848) and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC). R848 in our nanosystem effectively triggered M2-to-M1 repolarization, as evidenced by the upregulation of M1 marker genes (<i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>), the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and the downregulation of the M2 marker gene, <i>MRC1</i>. On the other hand, the presence of PIC increased caspase-3/7 activity leading to cancer cell death through the apoptotic pathway. This nanocarrier system established a multifunctional platform to enhance the anticancer effect. The synergistic effect of repolarized macrophages in combination with the induction of apoptosis, facilitated by our nanomedicine, was evident in a co-culture system of macrophage and cancer cells, showing a significant increase in cancer cell death compared to individual treatments. These findings attractively demonstrated the potential of our multifunctional lipid nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for anticancer treatment by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and simultaneously increasing cancer cell cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Resorbable Engineered Barrier Membranes for Oral Surgery Applications”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>C. Balducci</span>, <span>A. Zamuner</span>, <span>M. Todesco</span>, et al., “ <span>Resorbable Engineered Barrier Membranes for Oral Surgery Applications</span>,” <i>Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A</i> <span>112</span>, no. <span>11</span> (<span>2024</span>): <span>1960</span>–<span>1974</span>.\u0000 </p><p>On the first page of the article, the names of the last two authors do not report an asterisk which indicate that the last two authors contributed equally to the publication.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple, Cost-Effective Microfluidic Device Using a 3D Cross-Flow T-Junction for Producing Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Derived Microcarriers","authors":"Farah Kamar,&nbsp;Connor J. Gillis,&nbsp;Grace Bischof,&nbsp;Anorin Ali,&nbsp;John R. de Bruyn,&nbsp;Lauren E. Flynn,&nbsp;Tamie L. Poepping","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37873","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cell therapies using human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising for a wide variety of clinical applications. However, broad-scale clinical translation is limited by conventional culture methods for MSC expansion within 2D tissue-culture flasks. MSC expansion on ECM-derived microcarriers within stirred bioreactor systems offers a promising approach to support MSC growth. Previously, our team established methods for fabricating ECM-derived microcarriers from a variety of decellularized tissue sources using electrospraying techniques. However, these microcarriers are relatively large and have a broad size distribution, which may limit their utility. Smaller and more uniform microcarriers may be favorable for MSC growth within bioreactors and have greater potential to serve as a minimally invasive injectable cell delivery platform. To address these limitations, the current project focused on the development of a new microfluidic-based approach enabling both uniform and small microcarrier production. Using a novel, modified 3D T-junction design, we successfully generated microcarriers using human decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) as the ECM source. Our new cost-effective device produced microbeads that were small and monodisperse, at a range of flow rate combinations and with high production rates. Photo-crosslinking using rose bengal allowed for the generation of microcarriers that retained their shape and could withstand rehydration, with a mean diameter of 196 ± 47 μm. Following methods optimization and microcarrier characterization, in vitro studies confirmed that the new microcarriers supported human adipose-derived stromal cell (hASC) attachment and growth, as well as ECM production, across 14 days within spinner flask bioreactors. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using our novel, cost-effective, and reusable microfluidics device to generate cell-supportive microcarriers comprised exclusively of ECM that show promise as an MSC expansion platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic Membrane-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Developing a Cost-Effective Xenofree Hepatocellular Carcinoma Organoid Model","authors":"Dina Atta,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Abou-Shanab,&nbsp;Samaa Samir Kamar,&nbsp;Mariam Waleed Soliman,&nbsp;Shireen Magdy,&nbsp;Nagwa El-Badri","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37882","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current limitations in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include tumor recurrence, chemoresistance, and severe side effects, all of which call for novel cancer models that better represent the tumor microenvironment (TME). 3D organoids hold promise due to their increased relevance to the TME hallmarks. Herein, we aim to establish an HCC organoid model that mimics the HCC microenvironment and its metabolic interactome. The organoid comprises a decellularized human amniotic membrane (dAM) as a biomimetic matrix, Huh-7 cell line, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cell-conditioned medium (HUVEC-CM). The structure integrity of the HCC organoid was monitored using H&amp;E staining at 7, 14, and 21 days and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 21 days. The established organoid model maintained its viability over 21 days as tested by propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining, MTT, upregulated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the HCC organoid induced a neo-angiogenic response in ovo. Metabolic reprogramming in the HCC organoid showed a shift toward glycolysis as indicated by promoted glucose consumption, upregulated lactate production, and reduced cellular pyruvate concentration. Oxidative phosphorylation was suppressed as indicated by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and halted urea cycle progression. The dataset shows that the dAM may hold a promise for its use as extracellular matrix (ECM) source for HCC organoid models, by replicating the HCC microenvironment and metabolic signature, thus holding a promise for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Thickener Concentrations on the Corrosion Behavior of Pure Mg","authors":"Manas Ranjan Sahu,&nbsp;Akiko Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37878","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are promising biodegradable implant materials due to their biocompatibility and ease of corrosion in physiological environment. In the tissue, diffusion of ions and gas released by Mg corrosion reaction will be interfered by extracellular matrix and cells, which may retard the corrosion reaction. Therefore, in the present study, we developed the in vitro model tissue with different diffusion rates to understand the effect of diffusion on the Mg corrosion. A thickener called gellan gum was added to the cell culture medium at appropriate concentrations to simulate tissues with different diffusion rates. The immersion study up to 28 days and the electrochemical studies were performed to evaluate the Mg corrosion behavior. The pure Mg specimens without thickener showed the highest corrosion rate in both immersion and electrochemical tests. The highest amount of insoluble salt layer with the lowest Mg and highest O concentrations were deposited on the specimen surface without thickener. The microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) analysis confirmed these findings, showing the lowest remaining volume for specimens without thickener. There is an impediment of ion diffusion in the model tissue with increased thickener concentrations, thereby decreasing the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate for 0.2–0.3 wt. % thickener matched in the range of reported in vivo results. Hence, this model proves to be an effective tool for investigating biodegradation and understanding the mechanisms and controlling factors of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Energy Electron Beam Modification of Metallic Biomaterial Surfaces: Oxygen and Silicon-Rich Amorphous Carbon as a Wear-Resistant Coating","authors":"Peter W. Kurtz,&nbsp;Hwaran Lee,&nbsp;Annsley Mace,&nbsp;Charley Goodwin,&nbsp;Jeremy Gilbert","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37849","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallic biomaterials, such as cobalt chrome molybdenum (CoCrMo), Ti-6Al-4V, and 316L stainless steel are commonly used in orthopedic implant devices. Damage modes such as corrosion and wear are associated with the use of these alloys. One solution to limit wear and corrosion damage is to apply a surface coating to the medical device. In this study, using the low-energy electron beam (LEEB) of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we induced a highly scratch-resistant oxygen and silicon-rich amorphous carbon film to grow on each of the above metallic biomaterials. LEEB interaction with adventitious surface carbon, silicone, and oxygen deposited on the above three alloys resulted in the layered-deposition formation (LEEB-LD) of a surface coating. Coating chemistry, morphology, and nano-scratch wear properties on each of the three alloys were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) scratch testing and SEM/Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. We hypothesized that LEEB-LD coatings could be deposited on these three metallic biomaterials with improved tribological properties than the underlying metal substrate. First, we generated coatings on all three biomaterials and documented the coating morphology (thickness and heterogeneity) and chemistry as a function of alloy, exposure time, and scan rate with coating thicknesses generated between 5 and 50 nm after 60 min of treatment, with each factor affecting the thickness. EDS maps showed high amounts of carbon, oxygen, and silicon in the modified surface which depended on the alloy (e.g., CoCrMo and SS had similar compositions while Ti had higher oxygen in the coatings). Coated and uncoated surfaces were then subjected to diamond scratch testing in an AFM at increasing force until the coating delaminated from the surface. Scratch-depth versus load and nominal Hertzian stress were plotted for both the uncoated and coated surfaces. We found that scratch depths were 40%, 75%, and 38% smaller on CoCrMo, Ti, and SS coatings, respectively, at the peak contact stresses tested (⍺ &lt; 0.05), indicating higher hardness and wear resistance for the coatings. These results support the hypothesis that controlled thickness LEEB-LD oxygen and silicon-rich amorphous carbon coatings can be systematically generated using low-power electron beams and that these coatings have increased tribological (scratch-resistance) properties compared to the substrate metal.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Metal-Based Conductive Nerve Guidance Conduit Combined With Electrical Stimulation Boosts Peripheral Nerve Repair","authors":"Yujie Zhu,&nbsp;Chenchen Song,&nbsp;Dongdong Yao,&nbsp;Fangyu Qiao,&nbsp;Yang Zou,&nbsp;Yonggang Lv","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37880","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37880","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of nerve guide conduits (NGCs) and electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective treatment for peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Flexible conductive materials with mechanical properties similar to those of biological tissues have been shown to have better long-term biointegration and functionality than rigid conductive materials. In this study, liquid metal (LM)-based conductive polycaprolactone/gelatin/polypyrrole/LM (PCL/Gel/PPy/LM, PGPL) NGC was combined with exogenous ES to repair PNI. PGPL membranes had good hydrophilicity, degradability, and mechanical properties, and its conductivity reached 0.66 ± 0.02 S/m. In vitro studies showed that the combination of PGPL membranes and ES (2 Hz, 100 mV/cm, 30 min/d) could significantly increase the expression of neuromarkers and had a better pro-neural differentiation effect. In vivo studies demonstrated that PGPL NGCs in combination with ES (2 Hz, 200 mV/mm, 30 min/d) could effectively promote morphological reconstruction and functional recovery of the sciatic nerve in rats. At 3 months post-surgery, PGPL NGCs combined with ES restored the nerve conduction velocity to 73.85% ± 5.45% of the normal value. The LM-based NGCs prepared in this study could effectively repair long sciatic nerve defects, which may further expand the application of LM in the field of nerve tissue engineering.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffold With Powdery/Smooth Micromorphology on Local Immune Environments","authors":"Lan Hou,&nbsp;Zijie Meng,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Yangchi Jiao,&nbsp;Kexin Chang,&nbsp;Jiankang He,&nbsp;Juliang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37869","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37869","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selective laser sintering (SLS) has become a viable approach for producing biodegradable medical implants in various clinical applications. The resulting scaffolds typically exhibit a powdery microstructure, which may potentially impact the behavior of immune cells and immune responses in surrounding tissues. However, limited research has been conducted to understand the effect of surface morphology in SLS-fabricated scaffolds on local immune environments. This study aims to compare the effect of SLS-fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with powdery and smooth surface morphologies on immune-related biological responses. Compared with those on the powdery micromorphology, RAW264.7 macrophages displayed greater dispersion and adopted a spread and elongated morphology on the scaffolds with smooth surface. The expression levels of arginase-1 and CD206 were found to be upregulated in macrophages adhering to the PCL scaffolds with smooth surface, accompanied by an augmented secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. Conversely, there was a decrease in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-12. When implanted in vivo, the SLS-derived scaffolds were completely covered by host tissues, Withing increased collagen deposition, indicating good histocompatibility. At 1-week post-implantation, there was a significantly higher presence of M2-type macrophages surrounding the scaffold compared to M1 macrophages in both groups. By 3 weeks post-implantation, the overall level of macrophages had decreased in both groups. However, a significant higher level of M1 macrophages were observed in the powdery scaffold group. At the same time, the number of neutrophils around the powder scaffold increased significantly, demonstrating long-term local inflammatory responses. The results suggested that post-treated scaffolds with smooth surfaces can effectively reduce local inflammation, making them more suitable for clinical implantation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Biodegradation and Biocompatibility of Vascular Grafts Through Oriented Core-Shell Fibrous Structure and Incorporation of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate","authors":"Yunhuan Li,&nbsp;Tao Yang,&nbsp;Kuihua Zhang,&nbsp;Chengyu Zou,&nbsp;Keqing Hou,&nbsp;Anlin Yin","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37877","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37877","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microstructure and biological activity have been pivotal factors in the modification of vascular grafts. Equally crucial, however, are degradation behavior and mechanical stability, both of which are key to long-term success of grafts. To optimize these properties, we prepared oriented fiber membranes with core-shell structures through coaxial electrospinning, incorporating varying concentrations of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS). In this design, poly-ethylene oxide (PEO)/STS served as the core layer, while poly-L-lactide-co-caprolactone (PLCL) formed the shell. Our findings revealed that both random and oriented fiber membranes exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Notably, compared to random fiber membranes, the oriented counterparts showed enhanced hydrophilicity and a tunable degradation rate. Furthermore, the sustained release of STS from the membranes inhibited platelet adhesion and significantly promote cell diffusion, growth, and proliferation. Importantly, the oriented fiber membranes loaded with STS were able to induce a highly organized cell arrangement and upregulate the expression of CD144 and vWF in endothelial cells. These promising findings suggest that oriented core-shell fiber membranes loaded with PEO/STS could offer valuable insights into vascular graft design and hold potential for further exploration in animal studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Integrated Organ-Chip Sensing Toward Robust and User-Friendly Systems","authors":"Bryan G. Schellberg,&nbsp;Ryan A. Koppes,&nbsp;Abigail N. Koppes","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37876","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37876","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organs-on-a-chip (OOC) are an emergent technology that bridge the gap between current in vitro and in vivo models used to inform drug discovery and investigate disease pathophysiology. These systems offer improved bio-relevance and controlled complexity through the integration of physical and/or chemical stimuli matched to physiologically relevant conditions. Although significant advancements have been made toward recreating organ-specific physiology on chip, the methods available to study structure and function of the cell microenvironment are still limited. Established analysis approaches, including fluorescence microscopy, rely on laborious offline workflows that yield limited time-point data. As the OOC field continues to evolve, there is a unique opportunity to engineer improved characterization methods into organ-chip devices. This review provides an overview of current integrated sensing approaches that address current limitations and enable real-time readout of relevant physiological parameters in OOC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}