Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"The Reparative Ability of the Aligned Decellularized Annulus Fibrosus Matrix/Poly(Ether Carbonate Urethane)Urea Blended Fibrous Scaffolds on Annulus Fibrosus Defects","authors":"Yifeng Li,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Liu","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Currently, there is a lack of effective methods to repair annulus fibrosus (AF) defects in clinical practice. Therefore, exploring strategies to promote AF regeneration is of significant importance for delaying intervertebral disc degeneration. In recent years, tissue engineering technology has become a hotspot in the field of AF repair, offering promising treatments for intervertebral disc degenerative diseases. Studies have shown that surface structural characteristics, such as the fiber orientation of scaffold materials, play a crucial role in regulating the differentiation of cells adhering to the scaffold surface. Here we used electrospinning technology to prepare aligned and random decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix (DAFM)/poly(ether carbonate urethane)urea (PECUU) blended fibrous scaffolds. Rat AF stem cells (AFSCs) cultured on the aligned DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds exhibited an aligned distribution, and the secreted AF-associated extracellular matrix components, including <i>Collagen type I</i>, <i>Collagen type II</i>, and <i>Aggrecan</i>, were also aligned. In contrast, AFSCs on the random DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds exhibited an irregular distribution, and the secreted AF-associated extracellular matrix components were also irregularly distributed. Moreover, AFSCs on the aligned DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds expressed higher levels of <i>Col-I</i> and <i>Aggrecan</i> than those on the random DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffold. Both aligned and random DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds degraded slowly in vivo. Magnetic resonance imaging, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Safranin O-fast green staining, and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both aligned and random DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds effectively repaired AF defects in rats in vivo. However, the aligned DAFM/PECUU blended fibrous scaffolds exhibited superior repair capability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148703207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Manufacturing of Multifunctional Hydroxyapatite-Coated Ti6Al4V Implants With Cissus quadrangularis","authors":"Susmita Bose,&nbsp;Samuel F. Robertson,&nbsp;Priya Kushram,&nbsp;William Dernell,&nbsp;Stuart B. Goodman,&nbsp;Amit Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a novel approach to enhance the early-stage osseointegration of orthopedic implants through surface engineering. Lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), and silver (Ag)-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) were coated on Ti6Al4V substrates using RF induction based plasma spray coating and loaded with polydopamine (PD) and <i>Cissus quadrangularis</i> extract (CQE). The engineered coating integrates bioactive metal ions, drug-loaded polymer layers, and plant-derived osteogenic compounds to accelerate bone healing. Co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells and monocytes demonstrates that Li-Sr-Ag-doped HA upregulated key osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase and bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein, while also modulating osteoclastic activity. An in vivo rat distal femur study demonstrated enhanced osteoid formation with the addition of CQE, promoting mineralized bone formation. We demonstrate that induction plasma spray can be used to design and manufacture doped HA coated implant with PD and CQE, thereby accelerating early stage osseointegration and providing a scalable, clinically translatable solution to enhance the performance of cementless orthopedic and dental implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired Integrated MgH2 Hydrogel Synergistically Modulates the Osteo-Immune Microenvironment for Enhanced Bone Repair","authors":"Rui Huang,&nbsp;Zhonghua Yang,&nbsp;Miao Wang,&nbsp;Yun Su,&nbsp;Yue Xu,&nbsp;Wanzhuo He,&nbsp;Wenjiang Ding,&nbsp;Ping Gu,&nbsp;Ni Ni,&nbsp;Jia Pei,&nbsp;Xianqun Fan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnesium-based biomaterials show great potential in bone regeneration due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and ability to modulate the immune microenvironment. However, their rapid degradation rate remains a critical barrier to clinical translation. To address these challenges, we developed a magnesium hydride-gelatin methacryloyl (MgH₂-GelMA) composite with sustained release of hydrogen gas and magnesium ions, featuring a bone-mimetic organic–inorganic hybrid network. First, magnesium hydride microcrystals were coated with an inorganic silica layer to mitigate degradation; subsequently, the coated particles were embedded within an organic GelMA hydrogel matrix. The composite achieves controlled co-release of magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) and hydrogen gas (H₂). The released Mg²⁺ directly stimulates the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts, accelerating osteogenesis. Concurrently, Mg²⁺ and H₂ synergistically induce polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. During the active inflammatory phase, this polarization modulates the immune microenvironment and establishes a pro-regenerative local niche. This study not only elucidates a novel ion-gas synergistic mechanism but also provides innovative insights and theoretical foundations for advancing artificial bone materials from passive biomimetic replacement to active regenerative modulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Near-Field Direct-Writing 3D Printing and Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly to Construct Electroactive Anisotropic Scaffolds for Neural Tissue Engineering","authors":"Chao Shen,&nbsp;Baiheng Lv,&nbsp;Yujun Zeng,&nbsp;Ronghan Wu,&nbsp;Peng Ding,&nbsp;Juqing Song","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All current clinical treatments for peripheral nerve injury (PNI), including end-to-end suturing, allografts, non-surgical management, and autografts, suffer from inherent limitations that prevent adequate functional recovery. To address this challenge, we fabricated anisotropic polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh scaffolds via near-field direct-writing (NFDW) 3D printing for neural tissue engineering. To endow the scaffolds with electroactivity, a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique was employed to coat polyethylenimine/graphene oxide (PEI/GO), followed by in situ reduction to form conductive reduced graphene oxide/PCL (RGO/PCL) composite scaffolds. Systematic characterization demonstrated that scaffolds coated with 10 LbL cycles achieved an optimal balance, maintaining a favorable topological structure while exhibiting significantly enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity. Biological evaluations confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds, which effectively promoted the adhesion, spreading, and neural differentiation of PC12-L cells. Notably, scaffolds with 10 and 15 coating cycles upregulated β-tubulin III expression and facilitated the formation of axon-like structures. Furthermore, the composite scaffold was successfully fashioned into a nerve conduit, highlighting its potential for peripheral nerve repair. This work offers a promising strategy for constructing electroactive, biomimetic scaffolds to enhance neural regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Leaflet Thickness on Polymeric Valve Scaffold Function and Remodeling: Assessment in a 1- and 3-Month Ovine Stented Pulmonary Valve Replacement Model","authors":"Drake D. Pedersen,&nbsp;Garrett Coyan,&nbsp;Viktor Balashov,&nbsp;Arianna Adamo,&nbsp;Patrizia Caruso,&nbsp;Flaviana Falci,&nbsp;Vesselin Shanov,&nbsp;William E. Katz,&nbsp;David Kokot,&nbsp;Giuseppe D'Ancona,&nbsp;William R. Wagner,&nbsp;Antonio D'Amore","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Approaches to the structural design of tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have varied broadly, ranging from material choice to microstructural and macro-scale functional characteristics. Not only will each variable on this extensive list impact functional and restorative potential after implantation, but most of these variables also have dynamic, cross-talking effects. While there has been a great deal of discussion in the field on this topic, there has only been a limited amount of evidence generated that systematically isolated specific design features and validated them in vivo. In order to reduce this knowledge gap, two groups of stented polymer tissue engineered pulmonary valve (TEPV) scaffolds were fabricated with similar structural characteristics, differing only in their initial thickness values, and implanted in an ovine pulmonary valve replacement model for 30 or 90 days. In vivo functional performance was measured by echocardiography, and histological analysis was performed on each scaffold explant. No differences were evident in valve regurgitation or neotissue formation between valve scaffolds of either thickness group or study duration. This may be due in part to broad variability between animals of the same group and even leaflets of the same valve. These results suggest that, with the condition of limited cell infiltration, modulation of leaflet thickness alone may be insufficient to address early remodeling in TEPVs, and reemphasize the complexity of designing TEHVs according to the myriad of interrelated structural variables that have direct and indirect impacts on tissue engineering viability, coupled with further variability associated with in vivo experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration-Dependent Effects of Carboxymethyl Chitosan–rGO Scaffolds for Oral Bone Regeneration","authors":"Ronghui Zhou,&nbsp;Yanjun Lin,&nbsp;Xiaojing Zhu,&nbsp;Jianzhe Wang,&nbsp;Kai Luo","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address alveolar bone defects and the limitations of conventional grafts, tissue-engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising alternative. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide with potential for bone regeneration; however, its brittleness and poor mechanical strength restrict its application. Here, we developed CMC–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite scaffolds with rGO concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% to overcome these drawbacks. The scaffolds were systematically characterized for their morphological, crystallographic, spectroscopic, and biomechanical properties, as well as their in vitro cytocompatibility and in vivo osteogenic performance. The incorporation of rGO enhanced structural homogeneity, optimized pore architecture, and significantly improved mechanical strength in a concentration-dependent manner, with tensile strength increasing from 1.64 to 8.13 MPa and elastic modulus from 1.14 to 25.05 MPa. In vitro, when MC3T3-E1 cells were grown in osteogenic medium, scaffolds loaded with 0.5%–1% rGO led to better cell survival and higher ALP activity—both pointing to stronger osteogenic differentiation. The 2% rGO scaffolds, however, turned out to be toxic to cells. Structural analyses confirmed the preservation of CMC crystallinity and revealed hydrogen bonding between rGO and CMC, elucidating the reinforcement mechanism. In a rat cranial defect model, the 1% rGO scaffold group demonstrated superior new bone formation, mineralization, and trabecular maturation. These findings underscore the dual function of rGO in simultaneously improving the mechanical integrity and osteogenic capacity of CMC-based scaffolds, with 0.5%–1% rGO identified as the optimal concentration window for bone tissue engineering applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148665048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronidase-Responsive MSN–HA Coatings for Infection-Triggered Antibiotic Delivery on Titanium Surfaces","authors":"Merve Yolum,&nbsp;Sakip Önder","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Implant-associated infections remain a major challenge due to biofilm formation and uncontrolled antibiotic release from conventional coatings. This study presents an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle-based coating designed to enable localized and on-demand antibiotic delivery on titanium implant surfaces. Hyaluronidase-sensitive ciprofloxacin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with hyaluronic acid (MSN–CIP–HA) were synthesized and deposited onto titanium substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The nanoparticles and coated surfaces were characterized in terms of morphology, surface properties, and wettability. Drug release behavior was evaluated under physiological (pH 7.4) and infection-mimicking acidic (pH 5) conditions in the presence and absence of hyaluronidase. After 72 h, ciprofloxacin release from coated titanium reached 0.51 μg at pH 7.4 without enzyme and increased to 2.63 μg in the presence of hyaluronidase. Similarly, release at pH 5 increased from 0.93 to 3.31 μg following enzyme addition, indicating effective enzyme-triggered degradation of the HA coating layer. Antibacterial performance against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> demonstrated reduced bacterial adhesion on coated surfaces and enhanced antibacterial efficacy under enzyme-responsive conditions. The developed coating therefore combines anti-adhesive surface properties with controlled, infection-triggered antibiotic release, limiting unnecessary drug exposure while improving localized antibacterial activity. These findings highlight the potential of HA-coated MSN coatings as smart implant surface modifications for reducing implant-associated infections and biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silk Fibroin and Gelatin Immobilization on Poly(Caprolactone) Nonwoven Mats via Carbodiimide Coupling and Electrostatic Layer-By-Layer Deposition: Characterization and Cell Growth","authors":"Oliwia Jeznach,&nbsp;Onur Hasturk,&nbsp;Dorota Kołbuk,&nbsp;Judyta Dulnik,&nbsp;David L. Kaplan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surface modification of scaffolds is a topic of great interest in tissue engineering due to the crucial role of scaffold surface in interactions with cells. In this study, we characterize electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nonwoven mats coated with silk fibroin (SF) protein, gelatin, and combined SF-gelatin coating in the context of material properties and response of human osteoblast-like (MG-63) cells. We compare two methods of protein attachment to aminolyzed PCL fibers: chemical one, namely carbodiimide coupling, and electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition. Five different types of coatings were studied, including separate coatings of SF and gelatin, as well as combined coatings. To enable both types of modification, additional –COOH and –NH₂ groups were introduced into the SF by chemical modification. The protein immobilization processes did not change the morphology and diameter of the PCL fibers. As a result of all modifications, hydrophobic PCL scaffolds became wettable. Colorimetric bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay on PCL fibers detected the immobilized proteins and revealed that carbodiimide coupling and layer-by-layer deposition of SF coatings resulted in a similar level of absorbance, indicating no difference in protein content. However, the chemically bound SF coating exhibited greater stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the immobilization of SF, gelatin, and SF-gelatin coatings on PCL fibers by the presence of amide I, amide II, and amide A bands. Analysis of the morphology and metabolic activity of osteoblast-like MG-63 cells on the modified scaffolds indicated that the SF coatings without the addition of gelatin provided the best outcomes in terms of cell adhesion and growth. These results indicate the predominance of SF properties over the effect of the bioactive RGD-sequence of gelatin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgel-Based Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Regulating Macrophage Polarization","authors":"Cody Tuftee,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microgel-based biomaterials have gained increasing attention for their ability to modulate the immune response by regulating macrophage polarization, a key determinant in the transition from inflammation to tissue regeneration. Among these, granular hydrogels, assembled from jammed or annealed microgels, offer unique advantages due to their tunable mechanical properties and inherent interconnected porosity. Compared with many bulk hydrogel systems, granular systems allow modular control of microgel stiffness, degradability, packing density, and pore architecture, enabling controlled macrophage-material interactions. These properties can be engineered to shift macrophage polarization toward pro-regenerative phenotypes, promoting favorable immune environments for tissue repair. Furthermore, the modularity of microgels allows for the incorporation of multiple material types, functional groups, and bioactive cues to guide immune responses. This review discusses current strategies for macrophage modulation using microgel-based systems, focusing on the influence of mechanical and structural design parameters. We highlight recent advances and identify key design considerations for developing next-generation immunomodulatory microgel-based biomaterials for regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Poly(β-Amino Ester) Networks on Macrophage Response In Vitro","authors":"Kayla Castillo-Aguilar,&nbsp;Aiden Walter,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Bryant","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poly(β-amino ester) or PBAE-based polymer networks are promising degradable biomaterials. This work investigated PBAEs formed from PBAE-diacrylate (PBAE-dA) macromers to assess how network chemistry and structure impact macrophages. PBAE-dAs were synthesized by an Aza-Michael type reaction between a diacrylate (butanediol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate or poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) and benzhydrazide to produce B6, α6, and A6, respectively. B6 PBAE-dA, α6 PBAE-dA, and mixtures thereof have similar molecular weights while α6 and A6 PBAE-dA have the same chemistry, but different molecular weights, allowing investigation into network chemistry and structure, respectively. B6 networks were the least hydrophilic and slowest degrading, while A6 was the most hydrophilic and fastest degrading under accelerated degradation conditions. RAW-Blue™ and primary murine macrophages were pre-activated to mimic the in vivo phenotype and cultured on PBAE networks without and with pre-adsorbed plasma. Macrophage response was assessed by NF-κB activation, inflammatory markers for gene expression (<i>Il1b</i>, <i>Tnfa</i>, <i>Nos2</i>) and cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18). Comparing across PBAE networks, NF-κB activation was elevated in α6 and A6 but this did not translate to downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine response where there were minimal PBAE-dependent effects. Pre-adsorbed plasma attenuated macrophage activation on B6, α6, and co-polymers thereof but had no effect on A6 PBAE. While the most hydrophilic A6 PBAE induced a greater response across all PBAEs, it was lower compared to the hydrophobic polystyrene control. Collectively, this study further supports PBAEs for in vivo applications because their material properties and degradation rates are readily tunable while minimally affecting macrophage response.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}