Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Characterization of Biodegradable Polyurethane Foams With Facile Gelatin Modification for Traumatic Wound Hemostasis and Regeneration","authors":"Natalie Marie Petryk,&nbsp;Mary Beth B. Monroe","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyurethane (PUr) foams are widely explored for embolic, hemostatic, and tissue engineering applications. Their tunable pore structure, mechanical properties, and degradation rates make PUr foams ideal scaffolds for thrombus formation and cell infiltration. Despite their embolic and hemostatic efficacy, PUrs are entirely synthetic, which limits their long-term healing capacity to facilitate tissue regeneration. To improve PUr-driven healing, this work explores the facile modification of biodegradable PUr foams with bioactive gelatin through simple physical and chemical incorporation methods accomplished post-foam fabrication. The gelatin-modified PUr foams had increased platelet interactions and quicker clotting times than the unmodified PUr foams due to the procoagulant nature of gelatin. Furthermore, the gelatin-modified foams had significantly improved cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation of fibroblasts on foam pores, which could translate to enhanced wound repair through tissue migration into the PUr scaffold. Overall, the simple modification of biodegradable PUr foams with bioactive gelatin can significantly improve healing outcomes in traumatic wounds and various regenerative tissue applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submucosal Hydrogel for Spring-Mediated Intestinal Lengthening","authors":"Fereshteh Salimi-Jazi,&nbsp;Narelli de Paiva Narciso,&nbsp;Gillian Fell,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Thomas,&nbsp;Renato S. Navarro,&nbsp;Talha Rafeeqi,&nbsp;Neil J. Baugh,&nbsp;Riley A. Suhar,&nbsp;Julie-Ann Nguyen,&nbsp;Nolan Lopez,&nbsp;Sarah C. Heilshorn,&nbsp;James C. Y. Dunn","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37986","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spring-mediated distraction enterogenesis has shown success in intestinal lengthening, with spring confinement achieved by external plication with sutures to reduce the lumen diameter at both ends of the intestinal segment. Endoscopic spring placement would minimize the morbidity associated with device insertion. This study investigates the use of submucosal injection of engineered hydrogel to temporarily confine a compressed spring within an intestinal segment. Engineered hydrogels were composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) alone or HA with elastin-like protein (HELP). To simulate endoscopic injection in six juvenile pigs, hydrogel was injected into the submucosa in everted jejunum, followed by the placement of a gelatin-encapsulated, compressed nitinol spring. The jejunum was then unfolded over the spring, and hydrogel was injected distally into the submucosa. Sutures were placed as fiducial markers. After 7 days on a liquid diet, the pigs were euthanized, and their intestinal segments were analyzed for lengthening and histological changes. The spring-containing jejunal segments expanded in all animals, lengthening to 132% in the HA group and 188% in the HELP group. HELP hydrogels exhibited slower biodegradation than HA-only hydrogels. Histological analysis showed increased crypt width and decreased crypt density in the spring-containing segments compared to controls. Hydrogel effectively provides temporary spring confinement within intestinal segments without adverse effects. The mechanical stimulation from the spring induces crypt fission, expanding the intestinal epithelium. These results support the feasibility of gel-enabled, spring-mediated distraction enterogenesis for intestinal lengthening.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid/Type I Collagen Hydrogels With Tunable Physicochemical Properties Using Diels–Alder Click Chemistry","authors":"Rabia Fatima,&nbsp;Bethany Almeida","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37992","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrogels that combine mechanical tunability with biochemical relevance are essential for engineering tissue-mimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this study, we present for the first time a tunable hydrogel platform formed via Diels–Alder bioorthogonal click chemistry using furan-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-furan), furan-functionalized type I collagen (Col-furan), and bis-maleimide-functionalized polyethylene glycol (mal-PEG-mal). Hydrogels were fabricated at furan:maleimide molar ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2.5 and gelled under physiological conditions for 24 h without the need for catalysts or initiators. Material characterization revealed that this mechanism fabricated predominantly elastic hydrogels, where the 1:1 M ratio hydrogel was the most stable and had the highest mechanical properties, with a Young's modulus that was 2.1-fold and 4.7-fold larger than the 1:0.5 and 1:2.5 M ratio hydrogels, respectively. Further analysis revealed that hydrogel stability and performance were predominantly controlled by hydrogel structure (amorphous vs. crystalline) and crosslinking density. This enhanced mechanical stability and performance were also synergized with enhanced bioactivity from the incorporation of Col, which introduced native Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motifs that support cell interactions. Overall, this bioactive yet biomechanically stable hydrogel system provides a tunable platform for engineering extracellular matrix-inspired biomaterials with broad potential for soft tissue repair and regenerative medicine applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt-Doped Monetite-Induced Biomimetic Hypoxia Camouflages Osteogenic Healing Microenvironment","authors":"Gerson Santos de Almeida,&nbsp;Thais Silva Pinto,&nbsp;Luísa Camilo Suter,&nbsp;Geórgia da Silva Feltran,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Jacheto Carra,&nbsp;Julia Ferreira Moraes,&nbsp;Diego Rafael Nespeque Corrêa,&nbsp;Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho,&nbsp;Margarida Juri Saeki,&nbsp;Willian Fernando Zambuzzi","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37984","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address developing novel biomimetic material able to camouflage osteogenic healing microenvironment, this study looked to synthesize and characterize a cobalt-doped monetite (CoCaP). After synthesizing, the samples were subjected to physicochemical and biological characterization a comprehensive structural analysis encompassing a suite of complementary techniques. Previously, our data show a validation and reveal distinct structural alterations from cobalt doping. Biologically, Co-doped monetite had no cytotoxic effects on osteoblasts up to 7 days; rather, it contributed to osteoblast adhesion and migration, here estimated by carrying out a wound healing assay. Thereafter, we have linked this phenomenon to an upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) genes, and it was hypothesized to be related to the dynamic adhesion-related machinery requiring the upregulation of integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Src. Complementarily, osteoblast differentiation was also investigated, and our data clearly show a strong stimulus of osteogenic phenotype, once it was shown a significantly increased upregulation of both classical osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix, both in response to Co-doped monetite. Additionally, we observed extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling requiring the activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) zymogens, suggesting effective collagen turnover along osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Collectively, our findings show the biological impact of Co-doped monetite on the osteogenic phenotype of pre-osteoblasts. Notably, cobalt-doped monetite induces biomimetic hypoxia, and it recapitulates relevance on the osteogenic phenotype required for the bone healing microenvironment. Thus, Co-doped monetite emerges as a biomimetic and “smart” advanced material for promising applications in bone injuries or the bioactive surface of dental implants in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured Polyurethane-Collagen Hydrogels: Bioactive Crosslinked Networks for Enhanced Wound Healing","authors":"María I. León-Campos,&nbsp;Jesús A. Claudio-Rizo,&nbsp;Luis E. Cobos-Puc,&nbsp;Denis A. Cabrera-Munguía,&nbsp;Anilú Rubio-Rios,&nbsp;Ernesto Oyervides-Muñoz,&nbsp;Angélica Velázquez-Arrellano","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37993","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nanostructured polyurethanes (nPUs) are promising materials for biomedical applications due to their mechanical strength, controlled degradation, and bioactivity. In this study, collagen-based hydrogels were developed using nPUs synthesized from ethoxylated glycerol and either hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), functionalized with L-tyrosine (T). These nPUs were incorporated at 15% and 30% by weight into porcine dermis collagen. The HDI-based nPUs (HDI-T), with particle sizes between 6 and 58 nm, achieved high crosslinking densities (&gt; 90%) and superabsorbent capacities (&gt; 6000%), which accelerated gelation under physiological conditions. The resulting hydrogels showed enhanced elasticity and resistance to deformation—critical for wound healing. Structural analysis revealed semi-crystalline and rough surfaces. Hydrogels crosslinked with HDI-T (P(HDI-T)) exhibited excellent hydrolytic stability at pH 8.5 and in simulated body fluids (SBF), as well as reduced enzymatic degradation. These systems allowed for sustained release of methylene blue at both physiological and acidic pH, while ketorolac release was more pronounced in acidic conditions. Biologically, the hydrogels were non-hemolytic and biocompatible, promoting monocyte and fibroblast metabolic activity. Notably, P(HDI-T30) hydrogels stimulated the release of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), contributing to inflammation modulation. In addition, they exhibited potent antibacterial activity, inhibiting <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i> growth by up to 150% and <i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> by 60% compared to controls. In vivo, complete wound closure was observed by Day 17, with regenerated tissue rich in collagen. These findings demonstrate the potential of nPU–collagen hydrogels as multifunctional biomaterials for advanced wound healing, combining mechanical integrity, controlled drug release, antibacterial efficacy, and immune modulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Cell-Matrix Induced Chemoresistance With Regorafenib in a 3D Model of Osteosarcoma","authors":"Rameshwar R. Rao,&nbsp;Michelle S. Huang,&nbsp;Daiyao Zhang,&nbsp;Carla Huerta-López,&nbsp;Christopher Long,&nbsp;Giselle Aviles Rodriguez,&nbsp;Esther A. T. Mozipo,&nbsp;Sriya Sagi,&nbsp;Sarah C. Heilshorn","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37985","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past four decades, there has been little advancement in treatment strategies for osteosarcoma (OS), the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric patient population. Current therapy involves multiple rounds of chemotherapy and surgical resection, which are associated with significant morbidity and suboptimal survival rates. A key challenge in developing new treatments is the difficulty in replicating the OS tumor microenvironment, particularly cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study uses an in vitro model of OS to investigate the cell response to collagen (COL) type I, the primary component of the OS ECM. After 7 days of culture within three-dimensional COL hydrogels, OS cells displayed a more elongated cellular morphology and reduced sensitivity to the standard chemotherapy used for OS treatment compared to cells grown on two-dimensional substrates. To test whether this model could be used to study treatment strategies used for high-risk OS patients, we applied a metronomic regimen combining regorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with front-line chemotherapy to overcome cell-matrix induced chemoresistance. We identified overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2, a drug efflux pump, as a potential mechanism of resistance in 3D culture. Regorafenib's inhibitory effect on ABCG2 suggests a mechanistic basis for its ability to restore chemosensitivity in 3D culture. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of cell–matrix interactions in in vitro OS models, provide valuable insights into a matrix-induced mechanism of OS chemoresistance, and suggest an approach to its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coaxial Electrospray of Nanodrug-Loaded Porous Polylactic Acid/Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Core–Shell Microparticles for Intrapulmonary Drug Delivery","authors":"Chi Wang,&nbsp;Dandan Guo,&nbsp;Juntao Luo,&nbsp;Yingge Zhou","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biocompatible nano-to-microscale particles offer significant advantages for therapeutic applications, particularly in targeted and sustained drug delivery for lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study focuses on the fabrication of porous core–shell microparticles encapsulating bioactive telodendrimer (TD) nanodrug carriers using electrospray technology. The microparticles were designed to enhance pulmonary drug delivery by optimizing particle size (1–5 μm) and morphology for deep lung deposition and controlled drug release. The effects of solution viscosity and surface tension on microparticle formation were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that higher polymer concentration and controlled electrospray parameters yielded spherical microparticles with uniform porosity, essential for sustained drug release. Surfactant addition reduced particle size and enhanced pore formation but introduced challenges such as morphological variability. In vitro cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and drug release studies confirmed the biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of the fabricated microparticles. The findings highlight the promise of electrospray-derived core–shell microparticles for non-invasive COPD treatment, warranting further exploration into polymer-solvent interactions and formulation refinements for optimized drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of a Composite Acellular Matrix/Hyaluronic Acid Thermosensitive Hydrogel for the Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in a Rat Model","authors":"Haichao Liu,&nbsp;Wei Guo,&nbsp;Jianzhong Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Tang,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37973","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the therapeutic effects of a composite small intestinal submucosa decellularized extracellular matrix/hyaluronic acid (HA)-incorporated thermosensitive hydrogel (HA-Gel) on interstitial cystitis (IC) in rats. The HA-Gel was fabricated using rabbit small intestinal submucosa-derived extracellular matrix as a thermosensitive scaffold combined with HA, and an IC rat model was established using the UPK3A65–84 peptide. Rats were divided into five groups: IC group, IC + HA group, IC + Gel group, IC + HA-Gel group, and a non-modeled control group. After 14 days of treatment, urodynamic analysis revealed that the HA, IC + Gel, and IC + HA-Gel groups exhibited significantly increased interval voiding times and maximum bladder capacities compared to the IC group, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the IC + HA-Gel group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Histopathological evaluation revealed reduced mucosal edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucosal denudation in all treatment groups, particularly in the IC + HA-Gel group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Mast cell infiltration was also markedly suppressed by HA-Gel (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Immunofluorescence and molecular analyses further indicated that HA, Gel, and HA-Gel effectively downregulated the expression levels of CD3, ICAM-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TRPM8 in bladder tissues, with the most significant reductions observed in the IC + HA-Gel group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Notably, both Gel and HA-Gel remained detectable in bladder tissues for over 14 days post-administration. In conclusion, HA-Gel not only improves voiding function and bladder capacity in IC rats but also suppresses inflammatory responses, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential and providing new insights for the clinical management of IC/bladder pain syndrome (BPS).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantable Medical Devices, Biomaterials, and the Foreign Body Response: A Surgical Perspective","authors":"Nikita Kalashnikov,&nbsp;Jake Barralet,&nbsp;Joshua Vorstenbosch","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Implantable medical devices improve quality of life and reduce mortality by restoring the form and function of the human body. Their biomaterial surface components in contact with tissues are, however, susceptible to the host's foreign body response, which drives inflammation and implant fibrous encapsulation. When dysregulated, this response causes implant-related patient morbidity and device failure, ultimately requiring revision surgery. Here, we review the roles that the biomaterial, the host, and the implantation surgery play in the foreign body response. Taking commonly-used implantable medical devices as examples, we first describe the foreign body response; then, we examine the factors influencing it, and finally, we propose ideas of how it can be controlled perioperatively in an attempt to minimize implant-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gyroid-Structured Scaffolds Guide Uniform Ossification and Modulate Vascular Morphology During Rat Calvarial Bone Defect Regeneration","authors":"Guoyan Xian,&nbsp;Baptiste Charbonnier,&nbsp;Morad Bensidhoum,&nbsp;Esther Potier,&nbsp;Morgane Margottin,&nbsp;Puyi Sheng,&nbsp;Christine Chappard,&nbsp;Hervé Petite,&nbsp;Fani Anagnostou,&nbsp;David Marchat,&nbsp;Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.37978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone repair procedures rely on osteoconductive material scaffolds that guide and promote bone ingrowth through their architecture. This study investigated how the bone formation and vascularization are modulated within gyroid macroporous scaffolds during the regeneration of rat calvarial bone defects. It compared scaffold-guided regeneration to spontaneous healing through 3D analysis of both ossification and vascularization. Two disc-shaped bioceramic scaffolds with either wide or narrow porous geometries were designed and fabricated to facilitate or limit bone ingrowth. While overall ossification dynamics were similar regardless of repair efficacy, scaffold presence modulated the ossification pattern, promoting bone formation throughout by conduction. The scaffolds also influenced vascular network morphology but not its density. Notably, 3D imaging revealed a negative correlation between vascularization and bone formation in scaffold-filled defects, while no correlation was found in empty defects. This result suggests that ossification during calvarial regeneration relies on additional pro-osteogenic factors beyond robust vascularization. These insights are valuable for optimizing scaffold-based strategies to enhance bone regeneration in calvarial defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}