{"title":"The effects of language instruction on math development","authors":"Daniel R. Espinas, Lynn S. Fuchs","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How does language shape mathematical development? In this article, we consider this question by reviewing findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal research. In this literature, we find that differences in the structures of languages and individual variations in language ability are associated with mathematical performance in both obvious and unexpected ways. We then consider the causal nature of these relations, with a focus on experimental studies that have tested the effects of language instruction on mathematical outcomes. Findings from this work show that certain forms of language instruction meaningfully improve performance in several mathematical domains, providing strong evidence of a linguistic pathway in mathematical development. However, much additional research is needed to understand how language instruction may be integrated optimally into math education. We conclude with recommendations for research.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 2","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6081733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The risks and opportunities of the COVID-19 crisis for building longitudinal evidence on today’s early childhood education programs","authors":"Christina Weiland, Pamela Morris","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United States, the long-term effects of early childhood programs have been given particular weight in research on early childhood education and in policy debates about the value of prekindergarten. Many research teams were building the evidence base on U.S. early childhood programs to inform that discussion when studies were upended by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we describe the theoretical and practical <i>risks</i> the COVID-19 pandemic poses for longitudinal studies of preschool intervention programs. We also discuss the potential <i>opportunities</i> the crisis offers by introducing new variation in postprogram experiences for addressing new questions. The article intersects the resilience and disaster literatures with theoretical frameworks for the persistence of preschool effects. We conclude with recommendations for how longitudinal studies of cohorts affected by COVID-19 can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the persistence of preschool effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 2","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6049556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issue Information - Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6186023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Valiente, Tracy L. Spinrad, Brian D. Ray, Nancy Eisenberg, Ariana Ruof
{"title":"Homeschooling: What do we know and what do we need to learn?","authors":"Carlos Valiente, Tracy L. Spinrad, Brian D. Ray, Nancy Eisenberg, Ariana Ruof","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we identify approaches for understanding more thoroughly the academic and social experiences of homeschooled students. The growth of the homeschooling movement in the United States, questions about the need for additional regulation, and the importance of high-quality education for children motivate this scholarly effort. We begin by defining homeschooling and outlining why it is a topic worthy of study. Next, we describe who is homeschooled, motivations for homeschooling, and ways parents engage in homeschooling. Preliminary evidence suggests that homeschoolers perform equal to or better than their conventionally schooled peers on measures of achievement and socioemotional functioning, but methodological limitations, especially selection effects, make it premature to draw definitive conclusions. Throughout the article, we offer suggestions for advancing knowledge on homeschooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5937768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental costs associated with early maternal withdrawal","authors":"Karlen Lyons-Ruth, Heather A. Yarger","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neglect is the most prevalent form of maltreatment, but it has been understudied relative to abuse. Additionally, developmental outcomes associated with early maternal withdrawal have been understudied relative to outcomes associated with harsh treatment. However, a large body of studies on rodents has documented the causal effect of low maternal care on altered stress responses in offspring. Other evidence from human studies links early maternal withdrawal to clinical levels of neglect. Studies of both rodents and humans suggest that, rather than the aversive responses (e.g., fight, flight, freeze) modeled in relation to threat of attack or harsh treatment, early maternal withdrawal is associated with increased calling and contact seeking to mothers. Moreover, two longitudinal studies indicate that early maternal withdrawal, but not negative-intrusive interaction, contributes to adolescent borderline psychopathology. The field needs prospective studies with well-operationalized constructs of maternal withdrawal to delineate the distinct developmental pathways that may be associated with neglect.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5932839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Bradshaw, Amy J. Schwichtenberg, Jana M. Iverson
{"title":"Capturing the complexity of autism: Applying a developmental cascades framework","authors":"Jessica Bradshaw, Amy J. Schwichtenberg, Jana M. Iverson","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developmental change emerges from dynamic interactions among networks of neural activity, behavior systems, and experience-dependent processes. A developmental cascades framework captures the sequential, multilevel, cross-domain nature of human development and is ideal for demonstrating how interconnected systems have far-reaching effects in typical and atypical development. Neurodevelopmental disorders represent an intriguing application of this framework. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex and heterogeneous, with biological and behavioral features that cut across multiple developmental domains, including those that are motor, cognitive, sensory, and bioregulatory. Mapping developmental cascades in ASD can be transformational in elucidating how seemingly unrelated behaviors (e.g., those emerging at different points in development and occurring in multiple domains) are part of an interconnected neurodevelopmental pathway. In this article, we review evidence for specific developmental cascades implicated in ASD and suggest that theoretical and empirical advances in etiology and change mechanisms can be accelerated using a developmental cascades framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5932836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie M. Curenton, Keshia Harris, Shana E. Rochester, Jacqueline Sims, Nneka Ibekwe-Okafor
{"title":"Promoting racial literacy in early childhood: Storybooks and conversations with young black children","authors":"Stephanie M. Curenton, Keshia Harris, Shana E. Rochester, Jacqueline Sims, Nneka Ibekwe-Okafor","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12440","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Racial literacy as defined by Stevenson (2014) is an important cultural resistance strategy (e.g., positive coping strategy) for Black children and youth because it gives them the skills needed to survive in a racist society. Stevenson’s work, along with the work of several of his colleagues, focuses on adolescents and those in middle childhood, yet it has inspired us to postulate how racial literacy might be fostered in young children (ages 3–8). In this article, we propose a theoretical model for how racial literary can be fostered within shared-reading contexts using racially affirming storybooks coupled with conversations grounded in the principles of ethnic-racial socialization. We also propose that these conversations result in both a direct influence on racial literacy and an indirect influence via positive ethnic-racial identity and emotion regulation and understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6181646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A framework for understanding the relation between spoken language input and outcomes for children with cochlear implants","authors":"Derek M. Houston","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spoken language outcomes after cochlear implantation are highly variable. Some variance can be attributed to individual characteristics. Research with typically hearing children suggests that the amount of language directed to children may also play a role. However, several moderating factors may complicate the association between language input and language outcomes in children with cochlear implants. In this article, I present a conceptual framework that posits that the association between total language input directed to children and language outcomes is moderated by factors that influence what is accessible, attended to, and coordinated with the child. The framework also posits that children with cochlear implants exhibit more variability on those moderating factors, which explains why the relation between language input and language outcomes may be more complex even if language input is more important for successful language outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdep.12443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5803221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building a model of cultural universality with specificity for global early childhood development","authors":"Dana Charles McCoy","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous longstanding developmental theories have emphasized the important role that culture and context play in shaping young children’s skill development. Nevertheless, the field lacks explicit models describing the extent to which early childhood development may be similar (universal) versus different (specific) across cultures. In this article, I review evidence from multiple fields regarding both similarities and differences in the form, timing, and relevance of early health, learning, and psychosocial skills across cultures. I then synthesize this evidence, highlighting themes intended to build an integrated model of developmental universality <i>with</i> specificity that can be used to inform science and policy. I conclude with recommendations for the field, including suggestions for a more inclusive approach to studying early childhood development that breaks down established barriers among fields, stakeholders, and geographies.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5890596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia I. Cardenas, Alyssa R. Morris, Narcis Marshall, Elizabeth C. Aviv, Magdalena Martínez García, Pia Sellery, Darby E. Saxbe
{"title":"Fathers matter from the start: The role of expectant fathers in child development","authors":"Sofia I. Cardenas, Alyssa R. Morris, Narcis Marshall, Elizabeth C. Aviv, Magdalena Martínez García, Pia Sellery, Darby E. Saxbe","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive research has established that fathers’ engagement in parenting benefits children, but few studies have described how fathers contribute to child development even before birth. In this article, we consider both direct and indirect pathways through which expectant fathers shape child development during the prenatal period. Regarding direct pathways, we review work on expectant fathers’ contributions to child development through genetic and epigenetic processes, as well as neuroendocrine mechanisms. Regarding indirect pathways, we outline ways in which expectant fathers indirectly influence child development through the couple relationship. In so doing, we seek to provide a foundation from which to formulate future lines of inquiry on the role of expectant fathers in child development. This research can inform clinical interventions and policies geared toward improving the early caregiving environment and child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"16 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5844288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}