{"title":"Applying Interdisciplinary Frameworks to Study Prenatal Influences on Child Development","authors":"Marie Camerota, Michael T. Willoughby","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern developmental science is informed by several shared principles and adopts a lifespan approach that goes from infancy to senescence. Increasingly, disciplines outside psychology are adopting research frameworks (e.g., fetal origins, developmental origins of health and disease, first 1000 days) that prioritize prenatal experience as a driver of children's long-term health and developmental outcomes. Despite originating in medical literatures, these new frameworks share many of the core tenets of modern developmental theories. However, they also raise new questions and provoke a broader consideration of developmental influences, outcomes, and contexts. In this article, we describe these frameworks and consider how they align with, differ from, and inform modern developmental science.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"15 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6670261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew A. Diemer, Andres Pinedo, Josefina Ba?ales, Channing J. Mathews, Michael B. Frisby, Elise M. Harris, Sara McAlister
{"title":"Recentering Action in Critical Consciousness","authors":"Matthew A. Diemer, Andres Pinedo, Josefina Ba?ales, Channing J. Mathews, Michael B. Frisby, Elise M. Harris, Sara McAlister","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholarship on critical consciousness frames how people who are more marginalized deeply analyze, feel empowered to change, and take collective action to redress perceived inequities. These three dimensions correspond to critical reflection, motivation, and action, respectively. In this article, we aim to recenter action in scholarship on critical consciousness, given the disproportionate attention that has been paid to reflection. To achieve this aim, we review empirical associations between critical action and positive developmental consequences among more marginalized youth, highlight promising practices to foster critical action, and identify questions and key areas for inquiry. We hope this article motivates a recentering of critical action in scholarship, policy, and practice on critical consciousness.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"15 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6684055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Components of Mathematical Competence in Middle Childhood","authors":"Tin-Yau Terry Wong","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mathematical competence in middle childhood predicts socioeconomic status in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to understand the components that constitute mathematical competence from kindergarten to sixth grade. Using an analytical approach, in this article, I identify three components: understanding numbers, understanding mathematical symbols and their relevant principles, and converting problems into mathematical expressions. Evidence suggests that all three components significantly predict children's mathematical competence. However, the interrelations of the three components, as well as their unique contributions to overall mathematical competence, remain largely unexaed, with most studies focusing on only one of the three components. Exploring such issues can give researchers and educators a more comprehensive view of mathematical competence in childhood, and can lead to reconsiderations of important theoretical issues. The three-component framework of mathematical competence may also give educators insights on how to improve the mathematical competence of future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"15 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6677293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Developmental Perspective on Children With Incarcerated Parents","authors":"Julie Poehlmann-Tynan, Kristin Turney","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parental incarceration is a socially relevant topic with substantial implications for children, yet it is understudied by child development scholars. About 2.6 million U.S. children currently have a parent who is incarcerated, and by age 14, one in 14 U.S. children experiences a resident parent leaving for jail or prison. In this developmentally oriented review, we summarize research on associations between parental incarceration and child well-being, and suggest areas where developmental scientists can contribute. While most analyses of large population-based U.S., datasets have found that experiencing paternal incarceration typically has detrimental implications for child well-being, especially as children grow older, analyses of maternal incarceration have yielded less consistent findings. Longitudinal population-based developmental studies focusing on parental incarceration, especially early in life through adulthood, are urgently needed to answer basic questions, clarify mixed findings, inform policies, and develop interventions for vulnerable children.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"15 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6667074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issue Information - Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6654923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolescents’ Prosocial Behaviors Through a Multidimensional and Multicultural Lens","authors":"Gustavo Carlo, Laura Padilla-Walker","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of prosocial behaviors—actions that benefit others—continues to evolve in sophisticated ways. Such actions are important for understanding moral development, as well as health and behavioral well-being, and have implications for addressing societal and global challenges (e.g., hate crimes, cooperation, peace). In this article, we briefly summarize research on prosocial behaviors during adolescence, a period of age-related changes in these actions that is considered important in the development of moral identity. We review work that conceptualizes these behaviors as global and unidimensional, and present the limits of these early conceptions. We also present a heuristic model that supports a multidimensional approach integrating target, context, motives, culture, and development, and we summarize evidence for the model (with a focus on U.S. Latino/a youth). We assert that a more nuanced approach to the study of prosocial behaviors positions scholars to understand prosocial development more thoroughly and develop effective intervention efforts designed to foster such desirable qualities.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"265-272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5908696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Puzzle of Spatial Sex Differences: Current Status and Prerequisites to Solutions","authors":"Nora S. Newcombe","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this review, I summarize what we know about the development of sex-related differences in spatial skills, their potential malleability, and their possible causes. Current evidence suggests that sex differences increase in size with age, at least for skills with assessments suitable for use across development. However, male advantages vary from nonexistent to substantial, depending on the skills assessed, task parameters, and culture. Training and practice can improve spatial skills, although interventions tested so far do not eliminate the male advantage (when there is one). The complex pattern of increases with age, task variation, and cultural variation challenges efforts to theorize about causation. Progress requires identifying the underlying cognitive and neural structure of the spatial domain, developing reliable and valid assessment tools suitable for use across wide age ranges, gathering large datasets from a variety of cultural settings, and identifying and investigating specific mechanisms for growth and change.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6674344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disturbed Social Information Processing as a Mechanism in the Development of Social Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Milica Nikoli?","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders and becomes chronic if left untreated. Even when it is treated, outcomes are less promising than for other anxiety disorders. Thus, many are interested in preventing SAD and in the mechanisms involved in the development of SAD. In this article, I propose in a new model that disturbances in social cognition (cognitive biases, emotion recognition and understanding, negative expectations) and dysregulated social emotions (social fear and self-conscious emotional arousal) in toddlerhood and early childhood lead to avoidance and high levels of anxiety in social situations. When repeated over time, these impair daily functioning and result in a disorder. Biological factors (e.g., fearful temperament), environmental factors (e.g., parental mentalizing), and past experiences may be distal factors that contribute to the development of SAD via disturbed sociocognitive processing and dysregulated emotions. Based on this model, I conclude by describing clinical implications and recommendations for research.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6673309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Luta Continua1: Next Steps for Racism Research Among Black American Youth","authors":"Eleanor K. Seaton","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research examining the impact of racism among Black American children and adolescents has exploded in recent years. Given what we have learned about racism among Black American youth, in this article, I provide recommendations for developmental scientists. First, we need to examine other types of racism-related stressors, namely internalized racism, vicarious racism, environmental racism, Internet assessments of racism, and racial macro stressors. A recent racial macro stressor that should be studied is Covid-19, which has had devastating effects on the Black American community. Second, we need to examine middle childhood and adolescence as early periods of accelerated aging due to experiencing racism early in life. Adolescence may be a sensitive period given research illustrating that experiences of racial discrimination in adolescence affect adult health. Measurement is critical because these recommendations cannot be realized without developing new measures and incorporating diverse methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6669994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hypotheses for Possible Iatrogenic Impacts of School Bullying Prevention Programs","authors":"Karyn L. Healy","doi":"10.1111/cdep.12385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commensurate with the serious risks bullying poses to students’ mental health, substantial attention has been devoted to evaluating school bullying prevention programs. Research on the effectiveness of these interventions shows mixed outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that even programs that reduce overall bullying may have negative outcomes for victims. Most bullying prevention programs incorporate a range of strategies, but we know little about which strategies actively reduce bullying and whether some may have iatrogenic effects. Questions have been raised about programs that involve working with peer bystanders and whether some strategies stigmatize victims. In this article, I propose three theoretically derived hypotheses that describe mechanisms through which encouraging peers to actively defend victims may produce adverse outcomes for victims. More research is needed to test these hypotheses. A deeper understanding of the differential impact of bullying prevention strategies will lead to improvements in programs and more targeted use of effective strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":150,"journal":{"name":"Child Development Perspectives","volume":"14 4","pages":"221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/cdep.12385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6671664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}