Journal of Behavioral Addictions最新文献

{"title":"Ensemble coding of crowd facial emotion in Internet gaming disorder under the emotional interference condition: An ERP study.","authors":"Qianrui Chang, Bin Hao, Cong Fan, Wenbo Luo, Weiqi He","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing research on facial emotion processing in Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has focused on single facial expression but little is known about crowd facial emotion (present multiple facial expressions simultaneously) ensemble coding. Thus, this event-related potential (ERP) study aimed to investigate temporal dynamics of crowd facial emotion ensemble coding under interference in IGD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>17 IGD and 17 control group (CG) participants completed a task of extracting mean emotion from crowd facial expressions under emotional interference while electroencephalographic activity was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The N170 amplitudes elicited by crowd facial expressions in IGD were significantly smaller than in CG. Angry crowd faces evoked larger N170 amplitudes than happy crowd faces in IGD. Happy crowd faces elicited more negative early posterior negativity (EPN) amplitudes than angry crowd faces in CG, while no difference was found in IGD. In the later ensemble coding stage, we found a significant three-way interaction between the group, emotional valence and interference in the frontal negative slow wave component.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IGD participants exhibited weaker ensemble coding ability of crowd facial expressions. They showed an automatic processing bias towards angry crowd faces in the early stage, as well as insensitivity to happy crowd faces in the subsequent selective processing stage during mean emotion extraction. In the later stage, IGD participants failed to actively adopt appropriate cognitive strategies to inhibit interference. This study first provided electrophysiological evidence for the characteristics of crowd facial emotion ensemble coding in IGD and contributed to clarifying how IGD affects social cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise addiction and psychosocial health risks among adolescent athletes: Focus on sport type and performance level.","authors":"Carmen Mayolas-Pi, Sebastian Sitko, Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez, Isaac Lopez-Laval, Joaquin Reverter-Masia, Alejandro Legaz-Arrese","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Exercise addiction is a compulsive need to engage in physical activity despite potential negative consequences. This study aims to analyze adolescents' psychosocial health in relation to the risk of exercise addiction, focusing on competition levels, sport types, gender, and age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 7,596 participants (44.2% girls) aged 11-19. Data on physical activity (PAQ-C and PAQ-A), sleep quality (PSQI), anxiety (SAS), depression symptoms (BDI-II), eating disorders (EDI-3), and health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-52) were collected via validated questionnaires. The prevalence of exercise addiction risk (EAI) was assessed, and differences based on competition level, sport type, gender, and age were analyzed. Gamma GLMs factors-adjusted were used for statistical comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6.4% of adolescents in non-competitive sports and 15.6% in competitive sports showed a risk of exercise addiction. The risk was higher in boys, but the difference diminished at higher competition levels. The risk of addiction increased notably in late adolescence. Competitive athletes, especially at high levels, were at greater risk compared to noncompetitive athletes. Those in individual sports were at higher risk than those in team sports. Adolescents at risk of exercise addiction reported poorer mental health, including sleep quality (β = 1.62, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 3.58, p < 0.001), depression (β = 2.283, p < 0.001), and eating disorders (β = 3.101, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise addiction is a significant concern among adolescents, especially in competitive and individual sports. It is associated with poorer mental health outcomes, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to reduce the risk of addiction and promote holistic health in adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of problematic pornography use and religiosity-based moral incongruence using latent profile analysis: A two-sample study.","authors":"Campbell Ince, Jeggan Tiego, Lucy Albertella, Leonardo F Fontenelle, Samuel R Chamberlain, Murat Yücel, Kristian Rotaru","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Recent taxonomies propose that pornography-related problems may arise from problematic pornography use (PPU) and/or moral incongruence (MI). Although religiosity is often viewed as a key factor in MI, religious-based MI has not yet been explicitly examined within these taxonomies, which we address herein.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using latent profile analysis of self-report data obtained, we examined distinct and overlapping profiles of PPU and religiosity-based MI in two online samples of male pornography users from the United States (N = 1,356, Mage = 36.86, SD = 11.26) and United Kingdom (N = 944, Mage = 38.69, SD = 12.26).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three classes (15-25% of each sample) showed elevated PPU and/or religiosity-based MI: 'At risk for religiosity-based MI' (4-8%), 'At risk for PPU' (6-10%), and 'At risk for co-occurring PPU and religiosity-based MI' (6-8%). Unlike the two groups with elevated PPU, the group with religious-based MI group did not report heightened psychological distress or treatment-seeking tendencies. Respondents were otherwise classified as \"not at risk\" (40-47%) \"low risk\" (27-28%), or moderate-severity PPU (14%, Sample 2 only).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Although the observed heterogeneity validates a taxonomy of PPU and religiosity-based MI, our findings challenge the assumption of elevated psychological distress and treatment-seeking tendencies among individuals with religiosity-based MI. Future research should further examine the clinical relevance of religiosity-based MI and extend these findings to broader (e.g., clinical, culturally diverse) samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy for problematic pornography use: A comprehensive meta-analysis.","authors":"Carlos López-Pinar, Javier Esparza-Reig, Beata Bőthe","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Problematic pornography use (PPU) affects some individuals, causing distress and impaired functioning, and while psychotherapy is considered a first-line intervention, its efficacy remains understudied and unknown to many therapists. This review aimed to comprehensively synthesize the available evidence on psychotherapy for PPU and related problems (i.e., craving).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this meta-analytic systematic review, we conducted a systematic literature search, followed by study selection, coding, and data extraction. We then meta-analyzed the resulting studies using a random-effects model with subgroup analyses, meta-regressions, and risk of bias assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 studies with 2,021 participants met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy interventions. Participants receiving psychotherapy improved significantly more than controls on PPU, frequency/duration of pornography use, and sexual compulsivity, with large effect sizes, that were small for craving. Within-subject effects were also large and stable at follow-up. In addition, single-case designs meta-analyses showed clinically significant reductions in PPU, craving, and frequency/duration. We identified moderate effects for related depression symptoms. Most subgroup and meta-regression analyses adjusting for treatment and sample characteristics were not significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in treating PPU and related problems. This has relevant implications for clinical practice (e.g., treating these problems with evidence-based interventions). However, these findings are limited by methodological issues, including the high risk of bias identified. To address these limitations, future research should use more rigorous methods (e.g., randomized controlled trials) and include more diverse groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Trading Disorder Scale for assessing problematic trading behaviors.","authors":"Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona, José Luis Carballo, Fernando Miró-Llinares, Jesús C Aguerri, Mark D Griffiths","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>There is growing evidence regarding the overlap between trading behaviors and gambling. However, problematic trading behaviors are often assessed using gambling-related instruments, which may not fully capture the nuances of trading. The present study developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Trading Disorder Scale (TDS), grounded in in the research criteria proposed by Guglielmo et al. (2016), based on DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was administered to 403 Spanish amateur traders. The TDS was tested for reliability, validity, and factorial structure. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of disordered trading.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFA and CFA supported a one-factor solution for the TDS, which showed strong internal consistency (ωu-cat = 0.938, KR-20 = 0.877). The scale showed good concurrent validity with PGSI (r = 0.559) and good convergent validity with trading-related variables. LCA identified three classes: non-disordered trading (72.2%), at-risk trading (17.6%), and disordered trading (10.2%). Individuals in the disordered trading group scored higher on TDS, traded more frequently, monitored markets more intensively, and exhibited higher rates of problem gambling (PGSI≥5), impulsivity, and substance use. Guglielmo's cut-off point (≥5 criteria) effectively differentiated individuals with disordered trading behaviors from those at-risk and those without disordered trading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disordered trading among amateur investors. Further research is needed to explore the scale's predictive validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling disorder and problematic pornography use: Does co-occurrence influence treatment outcome?","authors":"Gemma Mestre-Bach, Marc N Potenza, Roser Granero, Anders Håkansson, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Iván Perales, Àngela Vicó, Juan Carlos Uríszar, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Isabel Sánchez, Susana Jiménez-Murcia","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00023","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Gambling disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction often co-occurring with various mental health concerns, such as problematic pornography use (PPU). The specific impact of the co-occurrence of GD and PPU on treatment outcome remains underexplored. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of individuals actively receiving treatment for GD (n = 172; 3.49% females), distinguishing between those without PPU (n = 146) and those with co-occurring GD and PPU (n = 26).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was administered in 16 weekly sessions, with assessments of GD severity, impulsivity, emotion regulation, psychopathology, and personality. Dropout, relapses, number of sessions attended, number of relapses, and amount of money spent during relapses were assessed as the main treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with co-occurring GD and PPU showed greater GD severity, psychopathology, impulsivity, and difficulties in emotional regulation compared to those with GD and without PPU. Moreover, the presence of PPU appeared to be mainly associated with higher likelihood of treatment dropout, and, consequently, fewer CBT sessions attended.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>It is important to evaluate GD/PPU co-occurrence and strengthen the CBT approach for GD patients with PPU by using supplementary strategies to improve treatment adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"465-479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain network alterations in mobile phone use problem severity: A multimodal neuroimaging analysis.","authors":"Lichang Yao, Keigo Hikida, Yinping Lu, Luyao Wang, Qi Dai, Morio Aki, Mami Shibata, Halwa Zakia, Jiajia Yang, Naoya Oishi, Shisei Tei, Toshiya Murai, Zhilin Zhang, Hironobu Fujiwara","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00021","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Problematic mobile phone use can disrupt social interaction and well-being, potentially influencing cognitive processes. This study investigated whether mobile phone use problem severity is associated with alterations in the topological organization of brain networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rs-fMRI and DTI data were collected from 81 healthy participants. Graph theory analyses were applied. The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale-10 (MPPUS-10) was used to assess mobile phone use problem severity. Correlation analyses were conducted between each graph metric and questionnaire scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPPUS-10 scores correlated with global fMRI metrics: higher scores linked to longer shortest path length (reduced integration) and lower global efficiency (reduced information transfer). Conversely, higher MPPUS-10 scores were correlated with a greater clustering coefficient and higher local efficiency, which reflect increased local connectivity. Furthermore, higher MPPUS-10 scores were associated with a higher sigma value from DTI, indicating altered structural network properties. Some specific brain regions also showed significant correlations with MPPUS-10 scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that higher mobile phone use problem severity is associated with decreased integration and increased segregation of functional networks, alongside enhanced small-worldness in structural networks. Reduced integration aligns with addiction theories suggesting digital overload worsens network dysfunction, disrupting brain connectivity. Additionally, higher severity was correlated with altered connectivity in multiple regions, such as the precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, and postcentral gyrus. These regions are associated with motor control, sensorimotor processing, and memory function. Further research is needed to explore whether these findings reflect shifts in the integration and integrity of brain information-processing modules.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"416-429"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Digital Media-use Effects (d-MUsE) Model: A comprehensive framework for exploring/studying functional and dysfunctional effects on adolescent wellbeing.","authors":"Magnus Liebherr, Anke Heyder, Julia Brailovskaia, Tom Malte Burkardt, Coralie Latrouite, Christian Montag, Stephanie Antons","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00007","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Digital media have become a fundamental aspect of daily life for children and adolescents, influencing cognitive, emotional, and social development. The present work explores the dual nature of digital media use, identifying both positive and negative impacts on well-being and development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted to explore the interplay between digital media use and its effects on child and adolescent well-being. The study employs the Digital Media-use Effects (d-MUsE) model to analyze psychological mechanisms and contextual factors mediating these effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional media use promotes positive mental, physical, and social outcomes, while dysfunctional use is linked to negative psychological consequences, such as increased anxiety, depression, and social isolation. The proposed d-MUsE model highlights the interplay of psychological mechanisms and contextual factors-both proximal and distal-that mediate the effects of digital media on short- and long-term well-being.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present work endeavours to refine our existing comprehension of the intricate interplay of elements and mechanisms underpinning functional and dysfunctional employment of digital media. Prospective research trajectories, which spotlight factors that hitherto remained at the periphery of investigative scrutiny, find discourse in this synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"100-113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of the amygdala in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder via a parcellation pipeline based on Recurrence Quantification Analysis.","authors":"Sylwia Adamus, Krzysztof Bielski, Iwona Szatkowska, Mateusz Gola, Małgorzata Draps","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00014","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Despite the inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11, there are many open questions on its neuronal pathogenesis, especially regarding the role of the amygdala. In this study, we aimed to further unravel this issue via a parcellation method based on Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RQA pipeline was applied to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 45 heterosexual males with CSBD and 26 Healthy Controls. Each amygdala was divided into two subdivisions in each group. In the CSBD group, the scores of psychological questionnaires were used as covariates in a second-level seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis with the amygdala as a region of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obtained parcellations revealed bilateral differences in the sizes of dorsomedial (DM) and ventrolateral (VL) amygdala between groups. Mean values of Shannon's Entropy in the left DM and right VL amygdala correlated negatively with depression level, anxiety, and impulsivity, which might represent a vulnerability to CSBD, but only the right VL was implicated in the severity of CSBD symptoms. Multiple correlations between resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala subdivisions and CSBD severity were observed, especially between the left VL amygdala and several default mode network nodes.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This is the first attempt to explore the role of the amygdala in CSBD by a parcellation method. Our results suggest the importance of the right VL amygdala in understanding the pathogenesis of the severity of CSBD symptoms, which highlights the rising need to explore the amygdala as a complex structure with diverse functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"204-219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current interpretations of the I-PACE model of behavioral addictions.","authors":"Matthias Brand, Astrid Müller, Elisa Wegmann, Stephanie Antons, Annika Brandtner, Silke M Müller, Rudolf Stark, Sabine Steins-Loeber, Marc N Potenza","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00020","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model of behavioral addictions is used relatively often as a scientific framework to specify research hypotheses and to interpret empirical findings in behavioral addiction research. There are, however, controversial interpretations in the literature regarding some specific elements of the model, which may require a more precise definition of specific constructs and processes that are central to the I-PACE model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is neither a comprehensive literature review nor a proposal for a new version of the I-PACE model. We aim to provide a selective, critical evaluation of some interpretations of the model and to include recent developments regarding addiction theories and controversial debates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The role of gratification and compensation and therefore positive and negative reinforcement are specified. The concepts of cue-reactivity and craving are considered in the context of desire thinking and permissive beliefs. The relationships between impulsive, habitual, and compulsive behaviors in behavioral addictions are discussed. The effects of general self-control and situation-specific executive functions are elaborated. Punishment (in)sensitivity is discussed as a further important process potentially involved in behavioral addictions. These constructs and processes (through their interactions) are considered in the context of changes over time in the course of addictive behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This viewpoint article aims to provide greater precision and clarity regarding some specific elements of the I-PACE model, which may help stimulate research and theory building and advance clinical care in the behavioral addiction field.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}