Journal of Behavioral Addictions最新文献

{"title":"Identifying internet addiction profiles and bridge connectors among Chinese college students and evaluating CBT vs. CBT+MBI interventions via a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Shuhong Liang, Yaxu Yu, Shuang Liu, Zhijun Song, Lingzhi Song","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model offers a framework for understanding the interplay between cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors in internet addiction (IA). Our study aims to explore the heterogeneity of IA, identify bridge connectors, and compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with mindfulness-based intervention (CBT+MBI) versus CBT alone in reducing IA levels among Chinese college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In study 1, 1,030 Chinese college students completed assessments of IA, automatic thoughts, self-control, and anxiety. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify distinct symptom profiles of IA across individuals. Network analysis (NA) identified bridge connectors for targeted intervention. In study 2, 36 participants randomly selected from the high IA and low IA groups of study 1 were randomly assigned to CBT+MBI, CBT alone, or a control group. The CBT+MBI group received an 8-week dual-modality intervention and the CBT alone received an 8-week CBT intervention, both designed to target the bridge connectors identified via NA in Study 1, while the control group only completed basic questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In study 1, LPA identified four subgroups: regular, at-risk, low IA, and high IA groups. NA pinpointed automatic thoughts and anxiety as bridge connectors. In study 2, targeted interventions significantly reduced college students' levels of IA. CBT+MBI resulted in greater and more sustained improvements compared to CBT alone, with effects maintained for six-month post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study not only reinforces the I-PACE model but also provides actionable strategies for designing evidence-based, multidimensional interventions to reduce addictive behaviors among college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research priorities in gambling: Findings of a large-scale expert study.","authors":"Andrea Czakó, Marc N Potenza, David C Hodgins, Shu M Yu, Anise M S Wu, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, Daniel King, Joël Billieux, Beáta Bőthe, Dan J Stein, Zsolt Demetrovics","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00072","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While gambling is a growing public health concern, research resources are limited, and no guidance is available to prioritise research. This study aimed to identify priorities for gambling research on a global scale using a systematic, transparent, and democratic methodology to inform researchers and other stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leading gambling researchers were invited to list gambling-related research questions that can contribute to strengthening evidence-based policy, prevention, and effective early intervention and treatment of problem gambling. Suggestions were consolidated into research options and evaluated against six criteria (Answerability, Feasibility, Effectiveness, Impact on equity and an additional two based on the category of research options: Novelty and Relevance for description-type, Potential for burden reduction and Deliverability for intervention-related options). Stakeholders (n = 14) assigned relative weights to each criterion, and options were ranked according to their weighted research priority scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With input from 46.9% of eligible researchers (n = 307) from 35 countries, 1,361 questions were consolidated into 102 options. Evaluations showed strong agreement between experts, and the top 25 priorities were identified. The results highlight the need for further knowledge about the epidemiology, etiology, and consequences of problem gambling. Top-priority topics indicate the importance of focusing on vulnerable and minority groups, youth, significant others, technological innovations, advertisements, the convergence of gaming and gambling, and co-occurring conditions. Evaluating and tailoring existing measures were prioritised more highly than new interventions, and identifying factors underlying treatment seeking, drop-out and relapse was also considered a priority.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This initiative successfully involved the global research community in identifying gambling research priorities. The results provide information for researchers and other stakeholders for future projects and funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":"14 3","pages":"1222-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerned significant others of persons with problem gambling and problem gaming: Prevalence and characteristics in the Norwegian population.","authors":"Elise Constance Fodstad, Eilin Erevik, Dominic Sagoe, Ståle Pallesen","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2025.00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Problem gambling (PG) and problem gaming (GAM) generate concern for close ones often denoted as concerned significant others (CSO). There is a dearth of evidence on the characteristics associated with being a CSO of PG and GAM, which is explored in the present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,000 persons (aged 16-74 years), randomly drawn from the Norwegian population registry, were invited to respond to a questionnaire assessing current or past concerns about gambling and gaming of significant others, as well as questions about their own gambling, gaming, alcohol and illegal drug use, personality traits, and demographic characteristics. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of being a CSO of PG and GAM, split by close (i.e., first degree relatives and partners) and remote relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 575 persons (46% men, age M = 44.05, SD = 17.31 years) completed the questionnaire (response rate = 30.4%). The prevalence of ever being a CSO was 23.2% for PG (6.8% for close, specifically) and 27.1% for GAM (17.4% for close, specifically). Close/PG was associated with higher Neuroticism. Remote/PG was associated with lower education and own PG. Close/GAM were younger. Remote/GAM correlates were lower income, own PG, and higher Extraversion scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PG and GAM have high CSO prevalence rates. In line with the problem behavior theory, the correlates of being a CSO suggest the presence of environments with problems and fewer resources connected to PG and GAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional relationships between desire thinking and gambling disorder tendency: Insights from a longitudinal study of Esports gamblers.","authors":"Jing Zhai, Hengyue Zhang, Shu M Yu, Marcantonio M Spada, Zsolt Demetrovics, Anise M S Wu","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00084","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>With the popularization of electronic sports (esports), an emerging type of gambling activity, esports betting, has risen. Esports gamblers are vulnerable to Gambling Disorder (GD), but we lack knowledge about their cognitive predictors of GD. Desire thinking about gambling (DTG) is found as a risk factor for GD in general gamblers, but little is known about its role in esports gamblers and its bidirectional relationship with GD. This study aimed to examine the differences in DTG between esports gamblers and their non-esports counterparts, as well as the bidirectionality between DTG and GD among gamblers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-wave, longitudinal online study with a 6-month interval. Data from 1,063 lifetime gamblers (50.0% female, Mage = 29.11 years, SD = 7.78), of whom 50.5% were esports gamblers, was collected. At follow-up, 582 of the participants completed the same survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Esports gamblers reported higher levels of DTG and GD at both time points. The bidirectionality between DTG and GD was noted. Sub-group analysis identified a more prominent prediction of imaginal prefiguration on GD among esports gamblers.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest a higher risk of GD among esports gamblers, with DTG forming a reciprocal loop with such risk. Findings highlight the adverse impact of imaginal prefiguration on GD, especially in esports gamblers. Based on these findings, regulators should consider being more vigilant in the early screening of GD in esports gamblers. Appropriate preventative strategies (e.g., promoting responsible gambling) and psychological interventions (e.g., Metacognitive Therapy) may help reduce gambling-related harms among esports gamblers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1281-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effect as predictor of problematic Internet gaming: Results of a longitudinal study.","authors":"Sabine Steins-Loeber, Anna M Schmid, Tobias A Thomas, Andreas Oelker, Astrid Müller, Matthias Brand","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00069","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Recent models on the development of behavioral addictions stress the transfer from goal-directed behavior to stimulus-response habits. Administering a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm to individuals with risky or non-problematic gaming, we recently reported that shopping-related cues increase instrumental behavior for a shopping-related reward (i.e. shopping voucher) while gaming-related stimuli triggered instrumental behavior for the gaming-reward (i.e. gaming voucher). This was observed even after devaluation of the gaming-reward. We now investigated the predictive value of the 'Shopping-PIT'- and the 'Gaming-PIT'-effects regarding gaming disorder symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on symptom severity of gaming disorder six months after the baseline assessment were available for 48 individuals with risky gaming and 46 individuals with non-problematic gaming. Hierarchical regression analyses with stepwise inclusion of control variables, the 'Shopping-PIT'-effect as indicator of responding for a general reward after devaluation of the gaming reward and 'The Gaming-PIT'-effect after devaluation of the gaming reward as indicator of habitual responding as well as their interaction effects with symptom severity was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher gaming disorder symptoms at the six-month follow-up assessment were predicted by symptom severity at baseline and the interaction of the 'Shopping-PIT'-effect with symptom severity at baseline. The 'Gaming-PIT'-effect after devaluation did not predict symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The finding that cue-triggered responding for a general reward contributes to future symptom severity in individuals with higher symptom severity at baseline suggests a cascade model with higher symptom severity leading to stronger cue-triggered reward-related responding which in turn leads to higher symptom severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1456-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral addictions and their reciprocal associations with each other, substance use disorders, and mental health problems: Findings from a longitudinal cohort study of young Swiss men.","authors":"Matthias Wicki, Joseph Studer, Simon Marmet, Yasser Khazaal, Gerhard Gmel","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00078","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The co-occurrence of behavioral addictions (BAs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) or other mental health problems (MHPs) is well documented. However, there is limited evidence on associations between changes in the severity of BAs, SUDs, and MHPs, or their directions of influence or causation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-self-selecting sample of 5,611 young Swiss men (mean age 25.5 at baseline and 28.3 at follow-up) completed a self-reporting questionnaire on various BAs (gambling, gaming, internet, internet pornography, smartphone, work), SUDs (alcohol, cannabis) and MHPs (major depressive disorder, ADHD, borderline personality disorder, social anxiety disorder). Latent change score models were used to evaluate pairwise, bidirectional associations in symptom severity among different BAs, and between BAs and SUDs or MHPs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, changes in each BA's symptom severity were significantly and positively correlated with changes in the symptom severity of other BAs, alcohol use disorder, and MHPs; for cannabis use disorder, such correlations were only found with gaming and work. Significant bidirectional cross-lagged associations were found between the severity of BAs and MHPs, and between the severity of internet and smartphone addiction and other BAs. For SUDs, cross-lagged pathways were often not significant (e.g., with gambling or pornography) or even negative (between cannabis use disorder and work).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>This study provides strong evidence that BAs and MHPs mutually reinforce each other over time. While this interplay can develop and maintain dysfunction, it may also enable positive change, highlighting the need for a comprehensive theoretical framework and integrated intervention approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1250-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High compliance and reduced online gaming time among Chinese adolescents after the 2021 gaming policy: Effects across all gamers, not just heavy users.","authors":"Xinyu Zhou, Min Liao, Shijie Zhou, Wang Liu, Xijing Chen, Yonghui Li","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00080","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Government policies have been proposed to mitigate excessive online gaming among adolescents, yet empirical evaluations of their effectiveness remain limited. Following China's 2021 online gaming policy, the strictest such regulation to date, we examined the compliance rate and alternative behaviors among heavy adolescent gamers. Several methodological concerns have been raised, including the omission of the 2019 policy, the narrow focus on heavy gamers, and ambiguities in key definitions. In this response, we address these concerns by clarifying the policy's independence, expanding the analysis to all adolescent participants, and incorporating pre- and post-policy gaming time as an additional measure of policy impact. Results from a broader sample (N = 2,715, mean age = 10.84) revealed a high compliance rate (93.6%) and a significant decrease in daily gaming time following the policy (60.12 vs. 43.52 min per day, p < 0.001). This reported gaming time may include offline or single-player gameplay. These findings support the conclusion that the 2021 policy significantly reduced adolescents' gaming time and achieved high compliance rates, though self-reported data may include offline gameplay and that historical policy context should be acknowledged in interpretation. Moreover, its longer-term effects on psychological well-being and physical health warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1119-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 2-wave study on the associations between dissociative experiences, maladaptive daydreaming, bodily dissociation, and problematic social media use.","authors":"Silvia Casale, Simon Ghinassi, Jon D Elhai","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00075","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Previous studies have reported an association between dissociative experiences (e.g., absorption, depersonalization) and Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), but the directionality of these relationships remains unclear. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on the link between bodily dissociation and PSMU, despite the widespread practice of editing and manipulating pictures of oneself, which requires users to view themselves from a third-person perspective. The present study aimed to examine the directionality of the relationship between various dissociative-related experiences and PSMU through a longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 216 participants (79.20% female; Mage = 20.46 ± 2.26, range = 18-33), completed a survey twice, with a 4-month interval. A cross-lagged panel analysis within a Structural Equation Modeling framework was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSMU severity at T0 predicted Bodily dissociation (β = 0.15, p = 0.005) and Absorption and imaginative involvement (β = 0.13, p = 0.026) at T1. No other cross-lagged effects were detected.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Excessive involvement in social media activity, along with its emphasis on appearance, may contribute to increased dissociative experiences, including a weakened emotional connection with one's own body and reduced awareness of bodily sensations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1419-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A mediation analysis.","authors":"Jennifer J Park, Xuewei Han, Marc N Potenza, Yihong Zhao","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00076","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Caffeine is the most commonly used substance during gaming sessions. Despite health guidelines to avoid caffeine before adulthood, many adolescents use caffeine to compensate for lost sleep or prolong wakefulness to enhance gaming performance. The relationship between gaming and sleep is well-established, but the role of caffeine has been under-explored. This study investigated the potential mediating effect of caffeine use on the relationship between gaming duration/problems and sleep duration/difficulties in young adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Years 2, 3, and 4 follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study were analyzed (N = 2,749, Mage = 11.9 at Year 2). Data from questionnaires on daily gaming duration and problematic gaming (Year 2), weekly caffeine use (Year 3), and daily sleep duration and sleep difficulties (Year 4) were examined. Analyses were conducted using an R package for causal mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caffeine use partially mediated the positive relationship between gaming hours/problems and sleep difficulties and the negative relationship between gaming hours/problems and sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mediating effect of caffeine use was small but statistically significant in the relationship between gaming duration/problems and sleep duration/difficulties in young adolescents. Given the widespread use of caffeine among adolescents who game and the potential impact of modifying consumption during development, caffeine use could potentially be targeted to reduce sleep-related harm and other associated health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1368-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How should race be best considered in understanding brain-behavior relationships? Implications for understanding onset of engagement in addictive behaviors and subsequent problems.","authors":"Xuewei Han, Yihong Zhao, Marc N Potenza","doi":"10.1556/2006.2025.00077","DOIUrl":"10.1556/2006.2025.00077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental onset has been linked to addictive problems and severity, including for behavioral addictions like gambling disorder. Individual differences associated with race have been linked to addictive behaviors and disorders in complex manners. Race is understood as a multidimensional construct encompassing biological and social influences. This raises questions about how race should be conceptualized and modeled in brain-behavior relationship studies relevant to addictive behaviors and disorders. Here, we consider two recent publications involving early initiation of substance use (EISU). They derive potentially different conclusions, perhaps in part relating to how race and ethnicity were considered in analyses. Implications for behavioral addictions are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":15049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","volume":" ","pages":"1124-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}