Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Screening of xylo-oligosaccharide-utilizing lactic acid bacteria from yak calves and characterization of Limosilactobacillus mucosae YT200.","authors":"Yang Chen, Jian-Xia Yang, Tian Yv, Xin-Rui Zhang, Gui-Zhen Gong, Yuan-Ting Zhu, Jin Yao, Yi Wu, Yv-Han Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the capacity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from yak calves to metabolize xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and to identify potential probiotic strains that could enhance the gut health of yak calves.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>LAB isolates were recovered from fifteen fecal samples collected from yak calves. Their capacity to utilize XOS as the sole carbon source was evaluated, and their metabolic characteristics, molecular mechanisms, and functional properties associated with XOS metabolism were examined through integrated phenotypic and genomic analyses. Consequently, forty-one LAB isolates were identified from ten of the fifteen yak calves and tested for XOS utilization. Among these, 51.22% (21/41) exhibited species- and strain-specific XOS utilization, including Limosilactobacillus mucosae (10 isolates), Lactobacillus brevis (10 isolates), and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1 isolates). L. mucosae YT200 showed the highest acid production (pH 4.50) and short-chain fatty acid accumulation, particularly acetic acid (745.00 ± 16.24 mM). Genomic analysis revealed three gene clusters encoding GH43 α-L-arabinofuranosidase, GH51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase, and GH43 β-xylosidase, enabling the hydrolysis of arabinosyl-substituted and linear XOS. Strain YT200 also demonstrated antagonism against common gut pathogens including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, sensitivity to seven antibiotics, and no transferable resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the mechanistic basis of XOS metabolism in L. mucosae YT200 and identifies L. mucosae YT200 as a promising candidate for synbiotic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous α-linolenic acid acts as a negative regulator of Cronobacter sakazakii structural flagellar proteins.","authors":"Katie Phair, Aaron Curtis, Carmel Kealey, Kevin Kavanagh, Damien Brady","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf218","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This work aims to report on the mechanism of action by which Cronobacter sakazakii virulence is impacted by α-linolenic acid (ALA), a C18:3 fatty acid.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>To elucidate this, two concentrations of ALA (250 and 1000 µmol L-1) were added exogenously to C. sakazakii 29 544 in tryptic soy broth. Quantitative proteomic analysis using label-free mass spectrometry showed significantly different proteomic profiles of treated and control C. sakazakii samples. Across both ALA treatments, a total of 11 flagellar proteins were identified as reduced in abundance and showed a dose-dependent response. Gene expression studies revealed ALA acts as a negative regulator of fliD, flgL and fliE. The TTC motility medium assay and the soft agar assay were performed to determine the effect of ALA on bacterial motility and results showed reduced motility of C. sakazakii (P = 0.01, 0.001). Other proteins with altered abundance include the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, the iron donor protein IscX and the cellulose biosynthesis protein BcsR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Antimicrobial lipids, such as fatty acids, are reported to act as regulatory molecules, capable of modulating virulence factors in Gram-negative pathogens such as Cholera and Salmonella species. Through proteomic analysis, RT-qPCR and functional assays, the results indicate that ALA negatively regulates flagellar genes, resulting in reduced expression of structural proteins and subsequent loss of motility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic biology: pioneering the next bio revolution for a sustainable planet.","authors":"Suhad A A Al-Salihi, Kathryn L Ford, Murnita M Mahyudin, Hamidun Bunawan","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf202","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Earth is being pushed towards its ecological limits by the increasing pressure of human daily activities and the escalating threat of climate change, necessitating substantial global action to safeguard the sustainability of a habitable environment.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this integrative review is to highlight the role of microbial synthetic biology (MicSynBio) in evolving a bio-based economy tackling life threatening challenges, including pollution, food security, energy demands, synthetic materials, infectious diseases, and climate change. It further indicates the developing trends, emerging innovations, technological integrations, and the challenges involved, while emphasizing the capability of MicSynBio in bringing sustainable changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our review, we consolidate discoveries from multidisciplinary studies, highlighting the transformative skills of MicSynBio in mimicking and enhancing natural systems for environmentally friendly solutions. By directing the transition towards a bio-based economy, synthetic biology (SynBio) demonstrates immense potential in transforming waste intensive industrial recycling into green processes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SynBio contribution to pollution reduction (e.g. the use of bacterial species with genetically engineered luminescence genes in real-time pollutants examining), improved agriculture practices, bioenergy production (e.g. the utilization of engineered algae or heterotrophic microbes for direct biofuel production or biomass conversion), green synthesis of biomaterials, and drugs (e.g. engineering Aspergillus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli to enhance scalability and sustainability of pharmaceuticals and bio-based materials), is specified by tangible case studies, (refer to supplementary materials Fig. S1 for graphical abstract). Furthermore, we address the safety concerns and legislative strategies needed for the responsible implementation of MicSynBio innovations in tackling climate change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Realizing the full potential of MicSynBio requires effective safety and ethical considerations and strong collaborations among academics, specialists, policymakers, and industry leaders.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The horse gut bacteriome and anaerobic mycobiome are influenced by seasonal forages and small intestinal starch digestibility.","authors":"Georgia Wunderlich, Michelle Bull, Nerida McGilchrist, Chenchen Zhao, Tom Ross, Michael Rose, Belinda Chapman","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf203","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The equine gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, housing a diverse consortium of bacteria and anaerobic fungi (AF) capable of breaking down complex plant matter and converting it into vital energy sources for their host. The aim of this study was to broaden our current understanding of bacterial and AF diversity in the equine hindgut and how it differs between cohorts and responds to dietary shifts.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Faecal samples were collected from 48 horses and the bacteriome and anaerobic mycobiome analysed using long-read amplicon sequencing. Samples were collected from racehorses (RH) on high-concentrate diets and wild-foraging (WF) horses grazing on seasonally variable pastures. Distinct microbial profiles were observed, with bacterial diversity and composition strongly influenced by season. Reduced hindgut starch availability in RH promoted fibrolytic taxa such as Roseburia and reduced amylolytic Lactobacillus. AF communities, though relatively stable across dietary and seasonal changes, differed between the horse cohorts. Piromyces and Khoyollomyces were found to be more strongly associated with WF horses and Caecomyces with RH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings emphasize the dynamic interplay between diet and microbial composition. Future multi-omics research will enhance our understanding of microbial functionality and inform strategies to optimize equine gut health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144846596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersal limitation of rare species by increasing nutrient availability leads to the spatial community uniformity among biofilms.","authors":"So-Yeon Jeong, Tae Gwan Kim","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf209","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Nutrient availability can influence microbial dispersal across local habitats. This study investigated how varying nutrient concentrations affect biofilm metacommunity assembly.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Biofilms were developed from a bacterial polyculture on glass beads regularly arranged within experimental plates. Biofilm communities were analyzed using quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. Bacterial abundance increased, following a positive power-law relationship with rising nutrient concentration (0.5-5.0 g l-1 of the R2A medium), peaking at 3.0 g l-1. Conversely, species richness and diversity exhibited unimodal patterns, with peaks at 1.0 g l-1. Dominant phylotypes (Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter) increased in abundance with increasing nutrient availability, whereas rare phylotypes (e.g. Massilia) declined. Community analyses revealed significant shifts in bacterial community structure with increasing nutrient availability, particularly pronounced between 0.5 and 1.0 g l-1. Spatial heterogeneity in both abundance and community composition decreased markedly from 0.5 to 1.0 g l-1, then showed a slight increase at higher nutrient concentrations. Additionally, lower-ranked individual phylotypes exhibited greater spatial heterogeneity at concentrations ≥1.0 g l-1. Finally, network size and complexity displayed a unimodal pattern with nutrient availability, peaking at 1.0 g l-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nutrient availability is a pivotal ecological factor shaping microbial dispersal, community assembly, and interspecies interactions within biofilm metacommunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of amino acid composition in the antibacterial activity of laterosporulin analogs.","authors":"Piyush Baindara, Vipul Solanki, Shelley Sardul Singh, Nayudu Nallabelli, Sumeeta Kumari, Pushpanjali Bhardwaj, Vishakha Grover, Krishan Gopal Thakur, Suresh Korpole","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf208","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity of the structural analogs of a class IId bacteriocin, laterosporulin.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The antimicrobial peptide laterosporulin3 (LS3), produced by a Brevibacillus sp. strain SKR3, showed 96% identity to earlier described laterosporulin (LS) and 60% to laterosporulin10 (LS10) in amino acid composition. LS3 has a molecular weight of 5613 Da, the same as LS, yet differs in amino acid composition. Notable differences were found in their antimicrobial activity. Crystal structures of LS3 and LS10 were compared with LS. The analysis revealed that an additional Lys residue in LS3 enhances its net positive charge, leading to increased antimicrobial activity. FITC labeling showed the role of surface-displayed cationic Lys residues in the activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crystal structures of three different laterosporulins isolated from various strains of Brevibacillus were compared to understand the structure/function relationship. Results obtained in this study suggest that subtle variations in the amino acid composition of laterosporulins, distribution, and surface accessibility of charged residues can profoundly affect their antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling anthracnose in mango and guava with antifungal coatings of sodium alginate containing hydroalcoholic extracts of fruit by-products fermented by lactic acid bacteria.","authors":"Talita Silveira Queiroga, Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira, Karina Felix Dias Fernandes, Jaielison Yandro Pereira da Silva, Jéssica Silva Freire, Jociano da Silva Lins, Francisco Humberto Xavier-Júnior, Josean Fechine Tavares, Evandro Leite de Souza","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf219","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extracts from fruit by-products fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), i.e. a mix of Levilactobacillus brevis 59, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 129, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum 263, as active antifungal agents in sodium alginate coatings for the control of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. in mango cv. Palmer and guava cv. Paluma.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>The hydroalcoholic extracts of fermented and unfermented acerola, cashew, mango, and grape by-products presented variations in acidity, pH, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Sixteen chemical constituents were identified, including sugars and organic molecules, in the hydroalcoholic extracts of fermented and unfermented acerola and mango by-products. Hydroalcoholic extracts of fermented acerola and mango by-products caused the highest mycelial growth inhibition % (%MGI: 19.5%-76.31%) against Colletotrichum spp. using the agar-well diffusion method. The fermented extracts (1 g.L-¹) caused the most promising inhibition (%MGI: 35.00%-82.75%) and were identified as the minimum inhibitory concentration. Coatings containing these extracts delayed the development and severity of anthracnose in mango and guava during 15 days of storage (25°C), with a % anthracnose lesion diameter reduction (%ALDR) between 3.93 and 87.01%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hydroalcoholic extracts from fermented acerola and mango by-products exhibited notable antioxidant and antifungal activity. Their incorporation into sodium alginate coatings represents an innovative strategy to control postharvest anthracnose in fruits.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli O4:H12 harboring mcr-5 and blaSHV-12 on conjugative plasmids isolated from chicken meat in Japan.","authors":"Christian Xedzro, Toshi Shimamoto, Ashraf M Ahmed, Liansheng Yu, Yo Sugawara, Motoyuki Sugai, Tadashi Shimamoto","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf229","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to investigate the genomic profile of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain, 160-11H1, co-carrying an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and the plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-5.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The entire genome of the strain was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore platforms, and de novo assembly was performed using Unicycler. The genome size was 5 031 330 bp and comprised 5140 coding sequences. mcr-5 and an ESBL-encoding gene, blaSHV-12, providing resistance to clinically important antimicrobials, including colistin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 8 µg ml-1) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (MIC: >32 µg ml-1) were detected. mcr-5 was carried on a Tn3-type transposase, being in an operon with a ChrB-domain protein and an uncharacterized major facilitator superfamily-type transporter on a conjugative plasmid of the IncFII backbone. The blaSHV-12 gene was inserted into tniA putative transposase gene in the IncFIA/FIB/FIC multireplicon plasmid. The strain belonged to sequence type (ST) 10, CH-type fumC11/fimH54, serotype O4:H12, and phylogroup A, and carried several virulence genes associated with heat survival, colonization, fitness, and conjugation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study presents the first identification of polymyxin-resistant E. coli co-carrying mcr-5 and ESBL genes in meat from Japan, highlighting the critical need for routine investigations of these genes within food ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening, UV mutagenesis, and exploration of enzymatic degradation mechanisms in the highly efficient polyurethane-degrading Bacillus sp. J-11.","authors":"Kangjia Song, Jie Liu, Wenqi Zhou, Feifei Zhang, Lei Fan, Deyi Zhu, Xuanhui Zhang, Zhi Wang, Jiazhen Sun","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf224","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This research aims to screen and identify a microbial strain capable of efficiently degrading waterborne polyurethane used in the biomedical field. Furthermore, the research seeks to enhance the strain's degradation capability through ultraviolet mutagenesis and elucidate its enzymatic degradation mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We successfully isolated the target strain from the soil sample and identified it as Bacillus sp. J-11. Under optimized culture conditions (substrate concentration of 0.4%, temperature of 30°C, and pH of 6.0), strain J-11 exhibited remarkable degradation capability towards biomedical-grade polyurethane emulsion (Baymedix® CD104), achieving a degradation efficiency of 78.2% within 4 days. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis demonstrated a progressive decrease in the molecular weight of the polyurethane film over time. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) further revealed a reduction in thermal stability, while extended depth field microscopy (EDFM) uncovered significant microscopic structural changes, including holes and collapse on the film surface. Additional degradation experiments conducted on commercial PU foam under co-carbon conditions showed that strain J-11 achieved a degradation rate of 37.6% within 30 days. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes secreted by strain J-11 played a critical role in the degradation process.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strain J-11 exhibits highly efficient biodegradation potential through the secretion of hydrolases and oxidases, which break down the molecular chains of polyurethane. This study has elucidated its degradation pathway and provided a theoretical foundation for future mechanistic investigations and the management of biomedical material waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of three multidrug-resistant clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from India.","authors":"Atanu Manna, Ramya Ramadoss, Vanathy K, Srirangaraj S, Ramya R, Dhamodharan Ramasamy, Divya Lakshmanan","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf228","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the phenotypic and genomic features of three multidrug-resistant clinical mucoid and non-mucoid uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains to understand their antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence in urinary tract infections (UTIs).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The UPEC strains A5, A10, and A15 were isolated from two UTI patients. Phenotypic assays included colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility, motility, and biofilm formation. Whole genome sequencing identified resistance genes, virulence factors, sequence types, serotypes, plasmid types, and gene variations. While strains A5 and A10 were mucoid, A15 was non-mucoid. Although obtained from a single patient, A10 formed biofilm while A5 did not. Both strains harboured blaNDM-5 and blaCMY-145, while A15 carried blaCTX-M-15. Genomic variations in A10 included mutations in fdeC and chiA (biofilm genes), while A15 showed changes in fyuA, pdeR, pdeF, and waaZ. A comparative genome analysis of our strains with Indian UPEC isolates revealed that the presence of blaCMY-145 in strains A5 and A10 may be rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the genetic similarity, UPEC strains exhibit distinct phenotypes possibly due to variations in inducible conditions, including host and environmental factors. These differences highlight the multifactorial nature of UPEC pathogenicity and the influence of both genetic and host-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}