Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Bentonite sterilization methods in relation to geological disposal of radioactive waste: comparative efficiency of dry heat and gamma radiation.","authors":"Deepa Bartak, Jakub Říha, Denis Dudáš, Petr Gallus, Eva Bedrníková, Vlastislav Kašpar, Kateřina Černá","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluates the effectiveness of two standard sterilization methods on microorganisms in bentonite, which is proposed as a buffer around metal canisters containing long-lived radioactive waste. Bentonite, as a natural clay, contains microorganisms with enhanced resistance to harsh conditions and the ability to reactivate upon decompaction. Sterile controls are crucial in experiments estimating the impact of microorganisms on nuclear waste repositories. Yet, the effectiveness of common sterilization methods on bentonite microorganisms has not been fully evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Two methods were compared: dry heat (nine cycles at 121°C for 4 h) and gamma irradiation (10-140 kGy at 147 Gy·min-1). Molecular-genetic, microscopic, and cultivation techniques were used to assess sterilization. Heat sterilization did not eliminate heat-resistant microorganisms, such as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Terribacillus, from bentonite powder even after nine heat cycles. However, bentonite suspended in deionized water was sterile after four heat cycles. In contrast, gamma irradiation effectively reduced microbial survivability above a dose of 10 kGy, with the highest doses (100-140 kGy) potentially degrading DNA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gamma irradiation at 30 kGy effectively sterilized bentonite powder. The findings of our experiments emphasize the importance of using appropriate sterilization methods to maintain sterile controls in experiments that evaluate the microbial impacts in nuclear waste repositories. However, further assessment is needed to determine the effects of potential alterations induced by gamma radiation on bentonite properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actinomycetota isolated from the sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis as a source of novel compounds with pharmacological applications: diversity, bioactivity screening, and metabolomic analysis.","authors":"Ana C Fonseca, Inês Ribeiro, Mariana Girão, Ana Regueiras, Ralph Urbatzka, Pedro Leão, Maria F Carvalho","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To combat health conditions, such as multi-resistant bacterial infections, cancer, and metabolic diseases, new drugs need to be urgently found and, in this respect, marine Actinomycetota have a high potential to produce secondary metabolites with pharmacological importance. We aimed to study the cultivable Actinomycetota community associated with a marine sponge from the Portuguese coast, Hymeniacidon perlevis, and investigate the potential of the retrieved isolates to produce compounds with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-obesity properties.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 79 Actinomycetota isolates affiliated with 12 genera-Brachybacterium, Dietzia, Glutamicibacter, Gordonia, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Paenoartrhobacter, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, and Tsukamurella, most of which affiliated with the genus Streptomyces. The screening of antimicrobial activity revealed 13 strains, all belonging to the Streptomyces genus, capable of inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, or Staphylococcus aureus. Forty-three extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity against at least one tested cell line (HepG2, HCT-116, and hCMEC-D3). Three extracts that were active against the two cancer cell lines tested, did not reduce the viability of the non-cancer endothelial cell line, hCMEC-D3. One Gordonia strain exhibited anti-obesity activity, revealed by its ability to reduce the neutral lipids in zebrafish larvae. Mass spectrometry-based dereplication analysis of active extracts identified several compounds associated with known Actinomycetota natural products. Nonetheless, five clusters contained metabolites that did not match any annotated natural products, suggesting they may represent new bioactive molecules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work contributed to increase the knowledge on the diversity and bioactive potential of Actinomycetota associated with H. perlevis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADP-MoA-Pa: a platform for screening antibiotic activity and their mechanism of action in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Estela Ynés Valencia, Viviane Abreu Nunes, Felipe S Chambergo, Beny Spira","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf058","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health. To address this crisis, there is an urgent need to identify and characterize novel antibacterial molecules. This study aimed to develop the ADP-MoA-Pa platform to facilitate the discovery of new antibiotics and provide preliminary insights into their mechanisms of action (MoA).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The ADP-MoA-Pa platform enables the simultaneous visualization of antibiotic activity (growth inhibition) alongside one of three classic MoA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: DNA damage/inhibition of DNA replication, protein synthesis inhibition, or cell wall damage. To construct the platform, the promoter regions of recA, ampC, and armZ of P. aeruginosa PA14 strain were each amplified and fused to a promoterless luxCDABE operon in vector pUC18T-mini-Tn7T-lux-Gm. The constructs were electrotransformed into strain PA14 where they integrated in the chromosome. Each promoter fusion was activated by the expected antibiotics on plates and in liquid media, thereby demonstrating proof of concept. The armZ::luxCDABE fusion responded to protein synthesis inhibitors such as macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. The ampC::luxCDABE fusion was induced by β-lactams, while the recA::luxCDABE fusion was activated by quinolones and nitrofurantoin. Interestingly, under some conditions, ciprofloxacin also activated ampC and armZ, though to a lesser extent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ADP-MoA-Pa platform is a low-cost, readily implementable tool with significant potential for high-throughput screening of antimicrobials. It offers a promising avenue for identifying and characterizing novel antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and other bacterial species, contributing to the global effort to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their growth-promoting activities for Stipa purpurea in alpine grassland.","authors":"Guoyun Yi, Juan Li, Xin Wang, Liang Cheng","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Stipa purpurea is one of the dominant grass species in alpine grassland and plays a crucial role in safeguarding the ecosystem and restoring degraded grassland. To enhance the population dominance of S. purpurea and effectively prevent further grassland degradation. In this study, we screened high-efficiency plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from rhizosphere soil samples, with the aim of improving the growth activity of S. purpurea through spraying PGPR.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We selected functional medium for the isolation of PGPR from the rhizosphere soils of five distinct sampling sites in the alpine grasslands surrounding Qinghai Lake. Nitrogenase activity, phosphorus-solubilization, carbon-fixation, indole acetic acid (IAA)-like compounds production, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase production were used to assess the growth-promoting capability of the PGPR. Additionally, the ecological adaptability of PGPR was examined. Finally, the growth promotion effect of high-efficiency PGPR on S. purpurea was determined using pot experiments. The results of this study showed that 136 strains were isolated and were categorized into 18 genera based on the 16S rRNA sequences. Among these, seven strains exhibited multiple characteristics of promoting growth, and meanwhile, strains GD-1-1, YD-2-4, GD-3-9, and HD-1-1 exhibited strong resistance to drought, cold, UV, and oxidation. The strains GD-1-1 and YD-2-4 had growth-promoting effects on the growth of S. purpurea, which significantly enhance the seed germination rate, facilitate the growth of the above-ground part of seedlings, and the formation of lateral roots. Additionally, the results of the principal component analysis indicated that the interaction effect of high-efficiency PGPRs with young roots was more beneficial than that with young sprout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study provide outstanding strain resources and a theoretical foundation for the restoration of alpine degraded grassland. The findings further provide the basis for research and development of microbial fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two amino-substituted diphenyl fumaramide derivatives inhibit the virulence regulated by quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Qiman Ran, Yang Yuan, Yi Wu, Xiongyao Gan, Junfeng Deng, Yiwen Chu, Qinggang Ji, Xinrong Wang, Kelei Zhao","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs the quorum sensing (QS) system, a sophisticated cell-to-cell communication mechanism, to modulate the synthesis and secretion of a range of virulence factors, which contribute to the establishment of acute or chronic infections in hosts. This study seeks to attenuate the virulence of P. aeruginosa by inhibiting the QS system, thereby reducing its pathogenicity as a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Two compounds with an amino-substituted diphenyl fumaramide core, N1-(4-bromophenyl)-N4-(4'-oxo-3',4'-dihydro-1'H-spiro [cyclopentane-1,2'-quinazolin]-6'-yl) fumaramide (10D) and N1-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N4-(4-oxo-3,4,4',5'-tetrahydro-1H,2'H-spiro [quinazoline-2,3'-thiophen]-6-yl) fumaramide (12A), were identified through in-silico screening. The QS inhibitory potential of both compounds was explored in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro experiments, neither compound exhibited bactericidal effects but significantly inhibited the production of QS-regulated extracellular protease and pyocyanin. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that QS-activated genes and downstream virulence genes were transcriptionally suppressed by 10D or 12A. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted stable interactions between these compounds and the key QS regulators LasR and PqsR. When combined with polymyxin B, kanamycin, and levofloxacin, 10D and 12A exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity. Furthermore, compounds 10D and 12A significantly improved the survival of mice challenged with P. aeruginosa and effectively reduced the bacterial load in the lungs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that 10D and 12A possess considerable QS inhibitory potential, effectively attenuating the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the study offers structural insights and methodological guidance for the advancement of anti-virulence drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Betaproteobacterial clade II nosZ activated under high N2O concentrations in paddy soil microcosms.","authors":"Kazumori Mise, Yoko Masuda, Keishi Senoo, Hideomi Itoh","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Microbial communities in paddy soils act as potential sinks of nitrous oxide (N2O), a notorious greenhouse gas, but their potential to reduce external N2O is unclear. The direct observation of N2O reduction in submerged field soils is technically difficult. Here, we aimed to identify soil microbial clades that underpin the strong N2O mitigation capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We constructed paddy soil microcosms with external N2O amendment that enabled the simultaneous evaluation of N2O reductase gene (nosZ) transcripts and N2O consumption. Although the amount of N2O amended was large, it was mostly consumed after 6-8 days of microcosm incubation. Metatranscriptomic sequencing revealed that betaproteobacterial nosZ, especially those classified as clade II nosZ belonging to the orders Rhodocyclales or Nitrosomonadales, occupied >50% of the nosZ transcripts in three of the five paddy soils used. On the other hand, publicly available shotgun metagenomic sequences of 46 paddy soils were not dominated by betaproteobacterial clade II nosZ sequences, although they were ubiquitous. The same applied to the 16S rRNA sequences of Rhodocyclales or Nitrosomonadales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicated that betaproteobacterial N2O reducers potentially serve as powerful N2O sinks. Betaproteobacteria holding clade II nosZ can be targets of biostimulation, although further studies are required to understand their ecophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Chlorella fusca in promoting plant health through microbiota regulation in strawberry.","authors":"Hwa-Jung Lee, Gyeongjun Cho, Youn-Sig Kwak","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Chlorella is a microalgae species known to have plant growth-promoting (PGP) and disease-suppressing effects in crops. However, the mechanism of Chlorella's efficacy on crops remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We investigated the hypothesis that Chlorella fusca CHK0059 promotes plant health by regulating the structure of the plant microbiota community. The phenotypes of the CHK0059-treated strawberry showed that the number of leaves and shoot weights was increased more than that of untreated plants. In microbiota communities, beta diversity showed no significant difference between CHK0059 treatment and nontreatment, while the CHK0059-treated root endosphere's alpha diversity decreased compared to untreated strawberries. Pseudomonas, Duganella, and Rhizomicrobium species appear to be correlated with CHK0059 treatment in the rhizosphere. These three bacteria possess the \"P461-PWY\" metabolic pathway, which can ferment hexitol to lactate, formate, ethanol, and acetate, lead to utilized phosphate solubility in soil, and potentially increased plant growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The promotion of strawberry growth by C. fusca correlates with changes in the plant microbiota, particularly the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere. These bacteria can enhance nutrient cycling, particularly phosphate solubility, contributing to improved plant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pH and oxygen levels on the antimicrobial efficacy of acetic acid against Salmonella Typhimurium.","authors":"Fernando K C Da Costa, Juliano M Cascaes, Danielle S Severo, Marcel B Santana, Bruno A M Carciofi, Gláucia M F de Aragão, Jaciane L Ienczak","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of varying acetic acid (AA) concentrations on Salmonella Typhimurium under chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT)-like conditions, focusing on the influence of pH and oxygen availability.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Experiments were conducted under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions using culture media adjusted to typical poultry GIT pH values. Growth was monitored via spectrophotometry, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined after 48 h. Bacterial growth kinetics were modeled using Weibull and secondary models. Results showed that under limited oxygen at pH 4.5, S. Typhimurium demonstrated growth without AA. At pH 5.5 and 6.5, the MICs were 3.44 mM (0.53 mM undissociated) and 330 mM (5.9 mM undissociated), respectively. In aerobic conditions, MICs ranged from 4 to 473 mM depending on pH. Notably, at pH 5.5, MICs under oxygen-limited conditions were three times lower than those under aerobic conditions, indicating enhanced inhibitory effects of AA in low-oxygen environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the pH- and oxygen-dependent efficacy of AA against S. Typhimurium, with significantly improved antibacterial activity under oxygen-limited conditions. The developed models provide a predictive framework for understanding S. Typhimurium responses to AA in poultry GIT environments, offering insights for optimizing feed additives to mitigate Salmonella colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast screening libraries of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) for insecticidal activity.","authors":"Richard O Murphy, Janiyah S Cotton, Isabella M Owens, Jazmine D Carroll, Kathleen M Martin, David Held, Kathy Lawrence, John F Beckmann","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are ubiquitous among soil bacteria and aid in many growth-related functions for plants. Recent biotechnological advancements involving PGPRs have led to a growing desire to explore and uncover combinatorial or dual use PGPRs. Our study aimed to discover novel insecticidal phenotypes amongst PGPR libraries.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We screened, through survivorship bioassays, 502 endophytic PGPRs for insecticidal activity against Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies). Initial bioassay screens were followed by higher (n) testing and subsequent insecticidal assays against 4 key pest species including D. suzukii, Spodoptera frugiperda, Aphis gossypii, and Lyguslineolaris. Of the 502 endophytic PGPRs screened, 39 strains showed statistically significant mortality against insects with three strains killing four pest species and seven killing three pest species. The key insecticidal strains primarily consisted of Serratia marcescens and Bacillus velezensis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In total, ∼8% of strains tested showed insecticidal phenotypes. The fast screening methodology was successful in uncovering dual use PGPRs. Some bacteria were broad spectrum insect killers and others were more specific to a particular pest.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of l-theanine via one-step purification and immobilization enzyme system.","authors":"Chao Fan, Jiakun Qi, Chunzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>l-theanine, a non-protein amino acid derived from green tea, was synthesized by a relatively substantial amount of γ-glutamylmethylamide synthetase (GMAS) and polyphosphate kinase (PPK) without efficient recycling. This study establishes a cost-efficient, industrially scalable, and continuous biocatalytic platform for sustainable l-theanine production.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A functional catalyst system was engineered by fusing GMAS and PPK with the cell wall-binding domain derived from the Listeria monocytogenes p60 protein (Lm-p60). The enzyme complex was immobilized onto Gram-positive enhancer matrix particles, enabling facile separation and reuse over catalytic cycles. The enzymes were reusable and could be applied for six cycles with an l-theanine yield achieving 86%-93%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reusable catalyst demonstrates operational sustainability over multiple cycles, offering cost savings and continuous utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}