Journal of affective disorders最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of reward behavior in patients with MDD and partial response to SSRI therapy treated with vortioxetine versus desvenlafaxine: Experience with the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT) in the VIVRE study","authors":"Hartej Gill ,&nbsp;Roger S. McIntyre ,&nbsp;Michael Cronquist Christensen","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anhedonia is a hallmark symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), associated with impairments in various aspects of reward. VIVRE is the first study in patients with MDD receiving antidepressant therapy to include longitudinal assessment of reward behavior using the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), a validated behavioral paradigm for the objective assessment of reward and effort-based decision-making in patients with MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Randomized, double-blind study of vortioxetine (10 or 20 mg/day) versus desvenlafaxine (50 mg/day) in adults with MDD and partial response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor monotherapy. Motivation for reward based on the proportion of hard trial choices was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no difference in the proportion of hard trial choices between the vortioxetine (<em>n</em> = 288) and desvenlafaxine (<em>n</em> = 300) treatment groups at baseline. Minimal change in parameters of reward motivation was seen over the 8-week treatment period in either group. The between-group difference in the proportion of hard trial choices at week 8 was not statistically significant (odds ratio: 0.97 [95 % CI: 0.82, 1.14]; <em>P</em> = 0.72). Similar results were obtained when controlling for reward probability, reward magnitude, trial number, and sex, or when limiting to the first 50 trials (excluding computer-selected trials).</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Exploratory analyses evaluating the utility of the EEfRT in clinical populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Experience from the VIVRE study suggests that further research is required to fully determine the clinical utility of the EEfRT for assessment of antidepressant treatment effects in patients with MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>NCT04448431.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation in reducing anhedonia and apathy in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","authors":"Xian Li ,&nbsp;Idy S.C. Man ,&nbsp;Robin Shao ,&nbsp;Xuanhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Shiyun Wu ,&nbsp;Zhongwan Liu ,&nbsp;Kangguang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anhedonia and apathy are core symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, and respectively refer to deficit in reward processing and motivation. Emerging evidence indicates noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be effective in treating anhedonia and apathy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To quantitatively synthesize existing literature on the efficacy of TMS and tDCS in alleviating anhedonia and apathy among individuals with MDD and schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 22 previous studies including adults with MDD and schizophrenia (total <em>N</em> = 1258, female% = 43.73 %, age = 37.33 ± 8.35 years, PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023426223). A multilevel random-effect model was adopted to compute pooled effect size and heterogeneity across studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NIBS shows an overall significant effect in reducing anhedonia and apathy among individuals with MDD and schizophrenia, which is more robust for unilateral excitatory stimulation over the left DLPFC and for RCT studies. While TMS shows no specific effect in reducing anhedonia, it shows a significant effect in decreasing apathy, with both effects dependent on the outcome measurement method. Limited evidence shows significant overall effect of tDCS in reducing anhedonia and apathy, but its specific effect on apathy is inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NIBS methods show overall modest effects in reducing anhedonia and apathy in MDD and schizophrenia, but the heterogeneity is high that may result from limited study number and methodological variations such as stimulation location. More studies need to be conducted particularly for tDCS intervention, and using task and specific measures of anhedonia and apathy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety moderates the effect of sleep on selective forgetting","authors":"Risto Halonen ,&nbsp;Tommi Makkonen ,&nbsp;Liisa Kuula ,&nbsp;Anu-Katriina Pesonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While anxiety predisposes to distressing memories, the role of sleep in maintaining or attenuating unwanted memories has been understudied. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining sleep-driven selective memory consolidation using a directed forgetting (DF) paradigm. DF refers to the intentional suppression of certain memories during encoding, and it is usually observed in both anxious and non-anxious individuals during wakefulness. While sleep potentially enhances DF, it is unclear how anxiety interacts with sleep.</div><div>The sample (<em>N</em> = 58) was divided into low- and high-anxiety subgroups based on self-reported symptoms (GAD-7). The participants encoded to memory 120 face images (neutral/fearful). According to item-method DF, each image was instantly followed by Remember (R) or Forget (F) cue. Memory retrievals took place immediately, after a daytime nap in the sleep laboratory, and after two days. DF effect denoted the difference between R-cued and F-cued image recognition success.</div><div>Overall, relative to F-cued, R-cued images were better recognized. This DF effect was moderated by anxiety and sleep: in low-anxiety individuals only, the magnitude of the DF effect increased significantly over the nap. This increase was associated with sleep spindle density. Event-related potential amplitudes at encoding associated with the DF effect at the immediate retrieval, but not at the later assessments.</div><div>Sleep-related memory processing may be altered in individuals with elevated anxiety, making it harder to differentiate important from irrelevant information. This mechanism may contribute to the persistence of unwanted memories in anxiety. Understanding how sleep interacts with anxiety can open novel intervention possibilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Mendelian randomization of the human plasma proteome to identify therapeutic targets linking aging and frailty to perioperative delirium","authors":"Jian Tang ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Qian ,&nbsp;Zhengyin Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongjin Qin ,&nbsp;Guangyu Cai ,&nbsp;Yaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhu Wei ,&nbsp;Xue Rao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zou ,&nbsp;Yimin Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Perioperative delirium is a growing concern in the aging population, posing significant risks to frail elderly patients. While frailty is associated with delirium, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an analysis of data derived from 3788 plasma proteins in a protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) study encompassing 4709 participants. Utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) in conjunction with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we identified proteins that exhibit significant associations with delirium. Additionally, we investigated the bidirectional relationship between delirium and aging-related indicators, such as the frailty index (FI), Intrinsic Epigenetic Age Acceleration (IEAA), PhenoAge, and life expectancy. This was achieved through mediation analysis and Bayesian colocalization to assess the intermediary effects of these indicators. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic potential of the identified proteins via molecular docking studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MR analysis revealed causal relationships between delirium and several aging-related indicators, including FI, IEAA, PhenoAge, and life expectancy. Eleven proteins were causally associated with delirium. Mediation analysis showed that the effects of HIBCH and IMPAD1 on delirium were mediated by PhenoAge, while IEAA mediated the effect of MICB. MST1's effect on delirium was mediated by FI and life expectancy. Bayesian colocalization confirmed strong associations between HIBCH, MST1, and delirium. Molecular docking studies indicated that MST1 and HIBCH exhibited low binding energies with midazolam and dexmedetomidine, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HIBCH and MST1 are key players in delirium pathophysiology and represent promising therapeutic candidates. Their involvement in delirium warrants further investigation in clinical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of postpartum depression on infant development in the first year of life","authors":"Samira Alfayumi-Zeadna ,&nbsp;Sabaa Masarwe ,&nbsp;Yifat Findling ,&nbsp;Anat Ereli ,&nbsp;Norm O'Rourke","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder affecting approximately 1 in 7 women within the first year after childbirth. PPD can affect mother-infant interactions as well as the child's cognitive, social–emotional, and physical development. This study aims to examine the impact of PPD symptoms (PPDs) on infant development in the first year across various developmental domains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted with 683 mothers, 1–12 months postpartum, recruited through social media. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires, including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Infant development was assessed using the Israeli Ministry of Health's Developmental Milestone Guidelines Scale, covering social, language, fine motor, and gross motor domains. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of developmental delays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that 31.8 % of mothers reported elevated PPDs (EPDS≥10). Infants of mothers with elevated PPDs were significantly more likely to exhibit developmental delays (23.0 %) compared to mothers with lower PPDs (12.2 %) (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.1, 2.8). Elevated PPDs were significantly associated with delays in social, language, and fine motor development. Additionally, infants aged 1–3 months had higher risk of developmental delays compared to those aged 10–12 months (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.2, 3.9). Parental concerns about infant development also predicted of delays (OR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.2, 3.4).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PPD increases the risk of developmental delays in infants, particularly in socio-emotional, language, and fine motor domains. These results highlight the importance of early screening and intervention for at-risk mothers are critical to reduce these effects on infant development. Further research is needed to examine cultural differences in PPD's effects on infant development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How long does the physiological effect of a drug last? Implications for the diagnostic criteria for antidepressant-induced mood switch","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade ,&nbsp;Vikas Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical phenotypes of female depression and age at menarche: Analysis of data from NHANES 2005–2020","authors":"Yuqun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jialin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Yonggui Yuan ,&nbsp;Xin Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression exhibits a high prevalence among females, with its heterogeneity contributing to various phenotypes. Reproductive status is a pivotal determinant in the etiology and progression of female depression. However, the characteristics of depression associated with female reproductive have been insufficiently explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort of 15,602 adult females, derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2005 to 2020, was subjected to analysis following data screening. This study utilized data encompassing reproductive status, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) scores, cognitive function assessments, estrogen levels and thyroid profiles. Latent class analysis was employed to identify the clinical subtypes of female depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Females in the early menarche group exhibited higher depressed scores compared to those in non-early menarche group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). A final model with three latent classes was determined to be optimal. Key distinguishing characteristics across identified classes included the menarche age, symptom severity, cognitive function, and levels of thyroxine hormones. Women in Class 3 had the most severe symptoms, and they experienced menarche at the earliest age, poorest cognitive performance and lowest free thyroxine and higher thyroglobulin (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05, Bonferroni correction).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Female depression appears to encompass a range of distinct phenotypes. The menarche age may serve as a significant marker for future sex-specific biological and genetic studies pertaining to female depression subtype. To comprehensively decipher the biomarker profiles associated with depression subtypes, further investigation into reproductive-related factors is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood experience and hoarding disorder","authors":"Jarrod Williams,&nbsp;Ben Porter,&nbsp;Mary E. Dozier","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hoarding disorder is a relatively common psychiatric condition with a variety of adverse social and individual consequences. People with hoarding report high rates of loneliness and interpersonal dysfunction; however, little is known about how people with hoarding experience and function within their broader social systems (e.g., neighborhoods and communities). Neighborhood experience mediates the effects of one's environment on mental health outcomes, suggesting that it may be relevant to psychiatric disorders such as hoarding disorder that are accompanied by social dysfunction. Using the <em>All of</em> Us Research Program, the present research explores the neighborhood experience of people with hoarding disorder (<em>n</em> = 64), and how it compares to matched participants without a psychiatric diagnosis (<em>n</em> = 634) and to matched participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; <em>n</em> = 302). People with hoarding reported significantly higher perceived neighborhood social disorder, neighborhood physical disorder, and everyday discrimination than their matched counterparts. People with hoarding also reported significantly lower perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion than their matched counterparts. Additionally, perceived daily discrimination was a significant predictor of hoarding disorder relative to participants diagnosed with OCD and control participants. The present results suggest that failure to function within one's broader community may contribute to, result from, and/or be an important treatment target for hoarding disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic psychological interventions for emotional disorders: A comprehensive meta-analysis.","authors":"Noelia Jiménez-Orenga, Clara Miguel, Alberto González-Robles, Javier Fernández-Álvarez, Jorge Grimaldos, Juana Bretón-López, Cristina Botella, Pim Cuijpers, Azucena García-Palacios, Davide Papola, Soledad Quero, Heleen Riper, Amanda Díaz-García","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous meta-analyses have integrated evidence on the effects of transdiagnostic interventions for depression and anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, no recent study covers all types of transdiagnostic interventions administered through a wide range of delivery formats, and targeting participants with different emotional disorders (i.e., mixed samples with different anxiety disorders or mixed depression/anxiety symptomatology). We used the most recent available searches (1st January 2024) of the Metapsy meta-analytic project of randomized trials on psychotherapy for depression and anxiety to identify studies comparing an intervention targeting at least two emotional disorders with a control group (waitlist, usual care, other non-active control). We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of 94 trials (108 comparisons between a psychotherapy and a control group) with 12,443 patients (who have at least a principal diagnosis of anxiety and/or unipolar depressive disorder, or a score above a cut-off point on an anxiety or depression validated self-report scale), to examine the effects on depression and anxiety symptomatology at post-treatment. The overall effect size of the pooled outcomes of depression and anxiety was g = 0.59 (95 % CI 0.50-0.68), with high heterogeneity (I² = 78.88; 95 % CI 74.8-82.3) and a broad prediction interval (-0.18-1.37). The effects remained comparable after a series of sensitivity analyses, including multilevel analyses, exclusion of outliers, adjustment for risk of bias, and adjustment for publication bias. The results were also comparable for depression and anxiety symptoms when considered separately (effect sizes ranged from g = 0.54 to 0.61). However, when considering the impact on anxiety symptoms in studies focusing exclusively on participants with several anxiety disorders, the effects were somewhat larger (g = 0.87). A significantly higher risk of study dropout was found in the intervention conditions compared to the control groups. Transdiagnostic interventions are probably effective at post-treatment for adults with depression and/or anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"119537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse events associated with four atypical antipsychotics used as augmentation treatment for major depressive disorder: A pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.","authors":"Fangqing Qi, Leiyu Tian, Huaqiong Diao, Simin Zhao, Fei Li, Yingjie Zhang, Miao Qu, Xiangyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.119435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is insufficient understanding of the long-term studies on adverse events (ADEs) in major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), risks in patients with different psychiatric disorders, and differences between male and female patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrieved ADE reports for aripiprazole, quetiapine XR, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for the time periods of FDA approval for MDD in the first quarter (Q1) of 2007, the Q1 of 2009, the Q1 of 2015, and the Q1 of 2022 respectively to the Q1 of 2024. Four algorithms (ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS) assessed ADE signals. We compared positive signal rates between MDD and non-MDD, and assessed sex differences in drug-related risks by ROR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with MDD had significantly higher rates of impulse control disorders (ICDs), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms, and metabolic disorders compared to non-MDD (P < 0.05). Restless legs syndrome was associated with aripiprazole (P < 0.01), brexpiprazole (P < 0.01), and quetiapine XR. Serotonin syndrome, eosinophilic myocarditis, and angle closure glaucoma were new signals of aripiprazole in patients with MDD (P < 0.05). Female patients were more likely to gain weight (P < 0.05) with using aripiprazole, quetiapine XR, and brexpiprazole, whereas male patients with aripiprazole (P < 0.01) or brexpiprazole (P < 0.05) reported higher rates of ICDs and OCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is suggesting a potential increased risk of various ADEs in patients with MDD when taking AAPs. The causal relationship and the exact mechanism between drugs and ADEs remains unclear, requiring further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"119435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}