Journal of affective disorders最新文献

{"title":"War-related exposure moderates the association between attachment-related characteristics and cognitive-limbic functional connectivity in children: an fMRI study.","authors":"Sarit Roizman, Rola Farah, Ayelet Elor, Dror Kraus, Mika Rotman-Shapira, Noga Gal, Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-life exposure to chronic and unpredictable stress is a major risk factor for affective disorders, yet the neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking such exposure to emotional vulnerability remain unclear. War-related environments represent an extreme form of environmental unpredictability and may shape how children's attachment-related characteristics relate to the organization of cognitive-limbic brain systems. Here we test whether war-related exposure moderates this brain-behavior association, rather than producing uniform group-level differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-nine children (42 war-exposed; 37 non-exposed) underwent behavioral assessment and resting-state fMRI. Executive functions (EF) were assessed via parent report, attachment-related characteristics via the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, and war exposure via a structured exposure index. Functional connectivity analyses focused on large-scale executive-control networks and limbic circuits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The war-exposed and non-exposed groups did not differ significantly in attachment-related characteristics, and group differences in parent-reported EF were no longer significant after adjustment for scan timing and nonverbal ability. At the neural level, the two groups showed divergent patterns of association between attachment-related characteristics and limbic connectivity. Critically, attachment-related difficulties were associated with distinct connectivity patterns depending on exposure status: in the war-exposed group, greater attachment-related anxiety and avoidance were associated with reduced cingulate-amygdala connectivity, whereas in the non-exposed group the same characteristics were associated with reduced amygdala-hippocampal connectivity. For large-scale networks, the direction of the attachment-connectivity association shifted across exposure levels, from negative at lower exposure to positive at higher exposure; these within-level simple slopes did not survive correction for multiple comparisons and are interpreted with caution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>War-related exposure was associated with distinct patterns of association between children's attachment-related characteristics and cognitive-limbic connectivity, rather than with uniform group-level differences in attachment or connectivity. These findings provide preliminary evidence that environmental adversity may moderate brain-behavior coupling in childhood; longitudinal studies with validated exposure and symptom measures are needed to clarify causal mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122394"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal MRI signatures and concurrent myelin remodeling alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex correlate with the antidepressant-like effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in CSDS mice.","authors":"Yongxin Li, Yun Ran, Wen Ning, Maohua Yao, Wei Yao, Jiaxu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulates emotion, and its dysfunction is associated with depression. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) exerts robust antidepressant effects; however, its roles in neural circuit remodeling of the ACC and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated its phenotypic changes within the ACC in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) mice using multimodal MRI, histopathology and molecular assays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice with CSDS depression model received 18β-GA treatment. We detected ACC neuroimaging alterations via multimodal MRI, and assessed BDNF, myelin-related molecules and myelin morphology. Hippocampal changes were also analyzed to explore the ACC-hippocampus emotional circuit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CSDS induced severe structural and functional deficits in the ACC, including gray matter atrophy, decreased FA, increased ReHo and disrupted functional connectivity between the ACC and limbic regions. 18β-GA-related effects coincided with ameliorated ACC imaging deficits, improved network homeostasis, attenuated stress-induced myelin injury, preserved myelin integrity, and elevated BDNF together with myelin-related molecular markers, pointing to parallel myelin-remodeling-associated phenotypic shifts. Consistent molecular and myelin changes were found in the hippocampus, indicating remodeling of the ACC-hippocampus emotional circuit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>18β-GA is accompanied by restored BDNF abundance, alleviated myelin lesions and normalized ACC neural circuits, which coincides with the alleviation of depressive-like phenotypes. Multimodal MRI parameters of the ACC, especially FA combined with myelin histopathological features, serve as promising biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of 18β-GA. This study provides correlational evidence for BDNF-associated myelin remodeling alterations under chronic stress in depression-like mouse models and preclinical pharmacological evidence for the antidepressant use of 18β-GA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of kidney replacement therapy and healthcare utilization in bipolar disorder with chronic kidney disease: An active-comparator, new-user cohort study.","authors":"Balwinder Singh, Feyza Yaylaci, Hossam M Ali, Ritika Baweja, Maria L Gonzalez Suarez, Raman Baweja","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) face elevated rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and premature mortality yet remain underrepresented in cardiorenal trials. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have established renoprotective benefits in the general population, their comparative effectiveness in BD with comorbid CKD is unknown. This active-comparator, new-user cohort study examined risks of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and healthcare utilization (HCU) (inpatient hospitalization and emergency department visits) among adults with BD and CKD stages 1-3 initiating SGLT2i versus GLP-1 RA. Electronic health record data from the TriNetX network (2014-July 2026) identified eligible adults with documented treatment prescriptions; 3971 SGLT2i and 5608 GLP-1 RA users were identified, with 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) yielding 2557 patients per arm. Cox proportional hazards regression generated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) in the full cohort; Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted in the matched cohort. In full cohort, SGLT2i use was associated with non-significantly lower KRT risk (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.71-1.06) and slightly higher HCU risk (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.28) relative to GLP-1 RA. In the matched cohort, 132 of 2557 SGLT2i users and 181 of 2557 GLP-1 RA users experienced KRT, with a borderline, non-significant difference favoring SGLT2i (86.88% vs. 83.48%; p = 0.06). For HCU, 990 of 2557 SGLT2i users and 965 of 2557 GLP-1 RA users experienced the outcome; 5-year HCU-free survival was slightly higher for SGLT2i users than GLP-1 RA users (36.42% vs. 33.27%; p = 0.004), reflecting convergence and late crossover of the Kaplan-Meier curves despite SGLT2i's higher hazard over most of the follow-up period. Residual confounding cannot be excluded, and competing mortality risk may have attenuated the observed hospitalization difference. Among patients with BD and CKD, SGLT2i use showed a non-significant trend toward lower KRT risk but was associated with significantly higher healthcare utilization compared with GLP-1 RA in the full cohort. Confirmation in prospective registries, large longitudinal studies, and randomized trials is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13561641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive decline in resting motor threshold during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression: A naturalistic retrospective study.","authors":"Chia-Hao Ma, Kuei-Yu Chen, Tzu-Ting Chen, Wei-Lieh Huang, Susan Shur-Fen Gau","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intensity is dosed relative to the resting motor threshold (rMT), yet longitudinal changes of rMT in real-world, medicated patients during treatment remain poorly characterized. We examined the trajectory of rMT during rTMS for depression and its clinical and pharmacological correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this naturalistic retrospective study, 130 adults with depression received rTMS, with rMT measured at every treatment session. Primary linear mixed models analyzed rMT at sessions 1, 5, 10, and 15, aligned with clinical and medication assessments; complementary models used all available daily measurements. Response was defined as a ≥50% reduction in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score at the last available post-baseline assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rMT declined progressively during treatment, reaching a 2.70 percentage-point reduction of maximal stimulator output by session 15 (p = 0.001). The rMT trajectory did not differ significantly according to treatment response, stimulation device, stimulation side, or rMT measurement method. The decline remained significant after adjustment for concurrent depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Higher concurrent BZRA doses were associated with higher overall rMT (p = 0.019), but its relation to trajectory was outlier-sensitive. Although the mean reduction was modest, a growing proportion of patients showed downward rMT drift over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>rMT decreased progressively during rTMS treatment for depression, independent of clinical response. Concurrent BZRA dose was associated with higher rMT, whereas its relationship with longitudinal change remained uncertain. The decline, together with marked inter-individual variability, supports regular rMT reassessment during treatment to maintain intended stimulation intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher blood pressure is associated with lower cerebral blood flow in youth with bipolar disorder.","authors":"Mojdeh Zamyadi, Kody G Kennedy, Megan Mio, Bradley J MacIntosh, Benjamin I Goldstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF), a measure fundamental to brain health. Blood pressure (BP) is elevated in BD, and associated with CBF. Research integrating these themes, particularly in youth, remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 144 youth aged 13-20 (76 BD, 68 healthy controls [HC]). T1-weighted and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI were collected, alongside diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) BP. CBF maps were calculated from ASL. Region of interest (ROI) and voxel-wise analyses examined BP in relation to CBF, controlling for age and sex. ROIs included anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and insular cortex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall sample, higher DBP was associated with lower CBF in each ROI, and higher SBP was associated with lower PFC CBF. Within BD, higher DBP and SBP were associated with lower CBF in all ROIs. There were no associations within the HC group. Voxel-wise analyses showed that higher BP was associated with lower CBF across the cortex, particularly for DBP and within the BD group. Diagnosis-interaction effects for DBP revealed that higher DBP was more strongly associated with lower CBF in BD vs. HC in the frontal pole and bilateral frontal orbital cortex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher BP in youth is associated with lower CBF, a relationship more pronounced in those with BD than in HC. This suggests elevated BP may contribute to neurovascular dysfunction in youth with BD, potentially affecting cognition and emotion. Further research is needed to characterize the potential underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and sleep duration with depressive symptom onset and reversion: two longitudinal cohort studies.","authors":"Rui Zhang, Xueqin Sun, Guanzhong Caotian, Chengzhi Jiang, Wenjie Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term associations between cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depressive symptoms (DS) onset and symptom-state reversion, as well as the potential role of sleep duration in these associations, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 14,468 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and 8551 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). DS was assessed using the CES-D scale; reversion was defined as a transition from DS to non-DS based on CES-D thresholds. Multi-state Markov models estimated transitions among non-DS, DS, and death according to baseline CMM and sleep duration (poor sleep duration defined as <6 or ≥9 h). Cox models evaluated associations with DS onset and reversion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 14,468 Chinese participants (age 59.3 ± 9.5 years; 52.3% female), compared with those without CMDs, participants with one CMD or CMM had 13% and 29% higher hazards of transitioning from non-DS to DS (HR = 1.13 [1.05-1.22]; HR = 1.29 [1.09-1.54]) and 10% and 21% lower hazards of transitioning from DS to non-DS (HR = 0.90 [0.84-0.97]; HR = 0.79 [0.67-0.94]). In 8551 UK participants (age 66.1 ± 9.4 years; 56.2% female), the corresponding higher hazards were 10% and 21% (HR = 1.10 [1.02-1.20]; HR = 1.21 [1.04-1.41]), while hazards of symptom-state reversion were 17% and 26% lower (HR = 0.83 [0.76-0.91]; HR = 0.74 [0.63-0.87]). Significant additive interactions between CMM and unhealthy sleep duration were observed (P for additive interaction <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMM is associated with higher hazards of DS onset and lower hazards of transitioning from DS to non-DS. Compared with individuals with good sleep duration, these associations were stronger among those with poor sleep duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning in life, burnout, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidality in psychiatrists: A structural equation modelling study.","authors":"Esat Soylu, İbrahim Hakkı Karakuş, Nurhayat Soylu, Erdoğdu Akça","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychiatrists face occupational psychological burden, yet the interrelationships among burnout, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidality in this population remain poorly characterised. This cross-sectional study examined whether meaning in life (operationalised as presence of meaning and search for meaning) was associated with burnout, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and suicidality among psychiatrists, and examined direct and indirect associations among these variables using structural equation modelling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 233 psychiatrists (70.4% female; mean age 34.48 ± 9.81 years; 60.1% residents) completed self-report measures including the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. The final structural model demonstrated good fit (CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.034).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Presence of meaning showed significant negative direct associations with burnout (β = -0.524), depressive symptoms (β = -0.284), and suicidality (β = -0.259), each independent of one another. Search for meaning was positively associated with burnout (β = 0.274) and showed a supported positive indirect association with suicidality through burnout and depressive symptoms. Burnout was associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms, which in turn showed direct positive associations with suicidality; burnout was also indirectly associated with suicidality through depressive symptoms, whereas no indirect association involving anxiety symptoms was supported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presence of meaning may represent a clinically relevant correlate of lower suicidality in psychiatrists, with a significant direct association observed in the estimated model alongside associations with lower burnout and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional design limits causal inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term aerobic exercise as an adjunct treatment for depression in acute geriatric psychiatry: Results of a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Laura Elani Schulte, Rieke Trumpf, Tim Fleiner, Tobias Morat, Daria Wirtz, Kate Janet Becker, Per Fischer, Wiebren Zijlstra, Peter Haussermann","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This randomized controlled trial examined whether short-term aerobic exercise provided additional clinical benefit over an active control in older inpatients with depression in geriatric psychiatry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>100 patients (mean age 76 years) were randomized to 2-week supervised aerobic ergometer training (intervention group, IG) or a flexibility program (control group, CG), both delivered in addition to treatment as usual (TAU). Adherence, training exposure and adverse events were recorded to assess feasibility. The primary outcome was clinical improvement measured with the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI). Secondary outcomes included depressive symptom severity assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and clinician-rated Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), physical activity, 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance, and fluoxetine-equivalent antidepressant dose (FLX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine participants attended at least 80% of sessions, with lower adherence in the IG. Weekly training duration differed between groups (74.0 ± 31.9 vs. 95.0 ± 25.3 min/week, p = .003). CGI did not differ between groups (IG: MD -0.31, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.05; p = .069). Depressive symptom severity decreased over time in both groups (p < .001), without significant between-group differences for HAMD (MD -0.22, 95% CI -2.55 to 2.12) or BDI-II (MD -0.62, 95% CI -3.68 to 2.45). 6MWT and FLX increased over time (both p < .001), without group differences (6MWT: MD -1.08 m, 95% CI -20.04 to 17.89; FLX: MD 5.69 mg/day, 95% CI -2.40 to 13.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term aerobic exercise was deliverable, but showed no additional clinical benefit over low-intensity flexibility during TAU. Further research should determine dose, duration and adherence for clinically relevant effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122385"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between psychiatric diagnoses, comorbidity, and psychological pain across suicide-related presentations: A comparative study in clinical populations.","authors":"Lara Marie Aschenbrenner, Andrea Baumgartner, Marie-Anna Sedlinská, Adriana Frei, Sebastian Walther, Kristina Adorjan, Anja Gysin-Maillart","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Suicidal ideation and behaviour (SIB) occur across various psychiatric disorders. Although certain disorders are associated with elevated rates of SIB, diagnostic labels alone provide limited information about suicide-related presentations. Psychological pain has been proposed as an important experiential process operating across diagnostic boundaries, but its relationship with psychiatric comorbidity remains poorly understood. This study examined associations between psychiatric diagnoses, the number of co-occurring diagnoses, and psychological pain across clinical groups differing in suicide-related presentations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>N = 233 psychiatric inpatients were recruited (recent suicide attempters [SUAT], recent suicide ideators [SUID], clinical controls [CLIN]). Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; psychological pain was measured using the Mee-Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale. Analyses evaluated group differences in the number of diagnoses and psychological pain, their association, and diagnostic patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SUAT and SUID had higher mean numbers of diagnoses than CLIN; these did not differ between SUAT and SUID. Psychological pain differed across all groups and was positively associated with the number of diagnoses across the sample and within each group. Affective-anxiety and alcohol-dysthymic profiles were associated with suicide-related status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The number of diagnoses did not reflect differences between suicide-related groups. Although suicidal groups displayed greater diagnostic complexity than non-suicidal controls, differences between ideation and attempt were not mirrored by the number of diagnoses. Psychological pain differentiated all groups and was associated with the number of diagnoses. These findings suggest that psychological pain captures aspects of suicide-related clinical states not fully represented by diagnostic descriptions alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy and emotional-behavioral problems in children aged 1.5-3 years: A longitudinal repeated-measures study.","authors":"Seonyoung Park, Megan L Woodbury, Wei Hao, Sung Kyun Park, Bhramar Mukherjee, Gredia Huerta-Montañez, Zaira Rosario-Pabón, Carmen M Vélez-Vega, José F Cordero, Akram Alshawabkeh, Deborah J Watkins, John D Meeker","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2026.122162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) in early childhood have been associated with enduring mental health problems as well as with poor academic outcomes later in life. Thus, understanding the pathology and risk factors is essential for developing effective preventive strategies. While recent experimental studies suggest the linkage between maternal inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy and offspring's EBP symptoms, few epidemiological studies have explored both simultaneously. In this study, maternal inflammation biomarkers were measured at 18 and 26 weeks of gestation, and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured at 18, 22, and 26 weeks of gestation. Child EBP were assessed at 18 months, 2 years, and 3 years of age using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). We investigated the associations of maternal inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy with child EBP. We additionally explored effect modification by the timing of measurement during pregnancy, child sex, and age. Higher concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were associated with higher CBCL/1.5-5 scores, indicating presence of more problematic symptoms. Inflammatory biomarker associations were stronger among boys, while oxidative stress associations varied by gestational timing and were strongest later in pregnancy. Our findings suggest that maternal inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to EBP outcomes in early childhood, with potential windows of susceptibility during pregnancy and differential vulnerability by child sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"122162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}