Journal of analytical toxicology最新文献

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Cross-Reactivity in Urine of 53 Cannabinoid Analogs and Metabolites Using a Carboxylic Acid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Homogenous Enzyme Immunoassay (HEIA) Kit and Immunalysis Synthetic Cannabinoid HEIA Kits. 使用羧酸酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、均质酶免疫测定(HEIA)试剂盒和免疫分析合成大麻素HEIA试剂盒研究53种大麻素类似物和代谢物在尿液中的交叉反应性
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf055
Taylor L Yates, Justin L Poklis, Alaina K Holt, James H Fleming, Ciena Bayard, Stephen A Raso, Michelle R Peace
{"title":"Cross-Reactivity in Urine of 53 Cannabinoid Analogs and Metabolites Using a Carboxylic Acid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Homogenous Enzyme Immunoassay (HEIA) Kit and Immunalysis Synthetic Cannabinoid HEIA Kits.","authors":"Taylor L Yates, Justin L Poklis, Alaina K Holt, James H Fleming, Ciena Bayard, Stephen A Raso, Michelle R Peace","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancing knowledge of endocannabinoid receptor agonists and the federal legalization of hemp has created a cannabinoid market of naturally abundant phytocannabinoids to a wide array of semi-synthetic and synthetic cannabinoid analogs. Public safety and toxicological concerns exist from lack of regulation, limited pharmacological and metabolomic data, and minimal knowledge of detection ability. Structural similarities of the cannabinoid analogs may allow detection on immunoassays including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and homogenous enzyme immunoassays (HEIA), screening platforms in forensic toxicology laboratories for rapid presumptive testing. The cross-reactivity of 27 cannabinoid analogs and 26 commercially available metabolites was evaluated using the Medica EasyRA Enzymatic Immunoassay Analyzer with the Immunalysis Cannabinoids (THC) and Synthetic Cannabinoids 1-3 kits. These analogs were also evaluated using the Dynex DSX Automated ELISA System with the OraSure Technologies Cannabinoids Intercept Microplate EIA. The cannabinoid kits target 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THCCOOH) at a 50 ng/mL cutoff, and the synthetic cannabinoid kits target the N-pentanoic acid metabolite of JWH-018, UR-144, and AB-PINACA at a 10 ng/mL cutoff. Cross-reactivity was evaluated at concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 ng/mL in urine in triplicate. Absence of cross-reactivity at 1,000 ng/mL was considered undetectable. No cross-reactivity was detected on the synthetic cannabinoid kits. Cross-reactivity to Δ9-THCCOOH kits was variable with Δ8-THCCOOH and R-HHCCOOH cross-reacting at the cutoff on the ELISA, with several additional phase I metabolites cross-reacting at 100 ng/mL on both platforms. Analogs lacking the Δ9-THC tricyclic structure and pyran ring cyclization including cannabidiol were undetectable. Alicyclic bond location and alkyl chain length variably affected cross-reactivity, with alkyl lengths 2-4 having increased cross-reactivity comparatively. Compound chirality was also observed to effect instrumental response, with the ELISA having increased cross-reactivity and instrumental response to R-isomers. As knowledge and prevalence of analogs increases, it is crucial to understand the impact on utilized testing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cannabinoid Profiling Across Toxicology Samples in Adolescents and Young Adults by Route of Administration and in Relation to Depression Symptoms. 通过给药途径和与抑郁症状的关系,大麻素在青少年和青壮年毒理学样本中的分析。
IF 2.6 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf051
Natasha E Wade, Alexander L Wallace, Rachel Baca, Gianna Andrade, Joseph P Happer, Kelly E Courtney, Uwe Christians, Cristina Sempio, Jost Klawitter, Marilyn A Huestis, Joanna Jacobus
{"title":"Cannabinoid Profiling Across Toxicology Samples in Adolescents and Young Adults by Route of Administration and in Relation to Depression Symptoms.","authors":"Natasha E Wade, Alexander L Wallace, Rachel Baca, Gianna Andrade, Joseph P Happer, Kelly E Courtney, Uwe Christians, Cristina Sempio, Jost Klawitter, Marilyn A Huestis, Joanna Jacobus","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf051","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jat/bkaf051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use is common, with diversity in cannabis products contributing to difficulty in accurately assessing the impact of cannabis use in vulnerable populations such as emerging adults. This study describes and assesses concurrence across toxicological matrices (oral fluid, plasma, urine, and hair) and self-reported cannabis use days. Further, it examines whether 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH, the primary metabolite of Δ9-tetrahydrocannbinol [THC]) concentration or use patterns varies by administration route (smoked flower or vaped concentrate) or predicts depression symptoms. Here, cannabis using (n = 70) and non-using (n = 24) adolescents and young adults (64% female; ages 18-21) were asked to contribute oral fluid, blood, urine, and hair for toxicological testing and self-reported past-90 days of cannabis use, including route of administration. Positive and negative toxicological results by matrix are presented, with sensitivity and specificity calculated. Correlations between THCCOOH concentration across matrices and self-report use were run. Analysis of variance models (ANOVAs) tested whether product type (smoked flower v. vaped concentrate) influenced cannabis use patterns, use to avoid withdrawal, or THCCOOH concentration. Regressions assessed cannabis metrics predicting depression symptoms, controlling for biological sex. All matrices demonstrated excellent specificity (100%), with largely adequate sensitivity (63-74%) except for oral fluid (12%). Self-report and toxicological metrics were significantly correlated (r's = .41-.97), except for avoiding withdrawal. THCCOOH concentration across matrices did not differ by route of administration group; groups also did not differ by self-reported use days or avoiding withdrawal symptoms (p's = .16-.66). Only plasma THCCOOH concentration predicted depression symptoms (beta = 4.43, p < .001). Taken together, toxicological matrices and self-reported cannabis use offer concurrent information in adolescents and young adults who regularly use cannabis. Plasma THCCOOH concentration uniquely predicted self-reported depression symptoms, indicating utility of toxicological cannabinoid concentration predicting clinical outcomes. Given the complexity of measuring cannabis use due to the plethora of available products and rise of new popular cannabinoids, use of toxicological results may offer new insights into clinical outcomes in those who frequently use cannabis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tizanidine in Postmortem Forensic Cases. 替扎尼定在死后法医案件中的应用。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf056
Laura Friederich, Dani Mata, Sandra Bishop-Freeman
{"title":"Tizanidine in Postmortem Forensic Cases.","authors":"Laura Friederich, Dani Mata, Sandra Bishop-Freeman","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are established therapeutic medications that are used for conditions such as hypertension, pain disorders, muscle relaxation, spasticity, opioid withdrawal, insomnia, and sedation. While forensic toxicologists may be familiar with more common alpha receptor agonists, tizanidine is a less frequently identified compound, with limited published data available regarding antemortem and postmortem concentrations. Tizanidine therapeutic concentrations found in plasma are reported in the range of 0.0025-0.025 mg/L, although CYP1A2 inhibitors can significantly raise tizanidine levels in the body, thereby increasing the risk of dose-related toxicity. Additionally, imidazoline receptor activity is an underappreciated contributor to the mechanism of action and potential for adverse effects of this drug. Due to its high potency, tizanidine may be missed by forensic laboratories that are not targeting this drug or carefully inspecting untargeted data for its presence. In this study, 18 postmortem cases involving tizanidine are reviewed to improve the understanding of its forensic toxicological profile. These cases have been divided into categories as ruled by the certifying pathologist of \"Suicide\" involving tizanidine (N = 8, mean 6.2 mg/L and median 0.77 mg/L) and \"Accident\" involving tizanidine (N = 4, mean 0.86 mg/L and median 0.89 mg/L), and additionally a category of \"Incidental\" (N = 6, mean 0.35 mg/L and median 0.035 mg/L). Comparison of tizanidine concentrations to those in example cases such as this dataset can assist postmortem forensic toxicologists and pathologists in distinguishing therapeutic postmortem concentrations from toxic/lethal concentrations. However, consideration of scene details and totality of case investigation is essential when determining cause and manner of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of a Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) Screen in Whole Blood with Conventional Immunoassay-Based Techniques. 液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF-MS)筛查全血与常规免疫分析技术的比较
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf054
Jessica Ayala, Sarah Kerrigan
{"title":"Comparison of a Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) Screen in Whole Blood with Conventional Immunoassay-Based Techniques.","authors":"Jessica Ayala, Sarah Kerrigan","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional immunoassay (IA)-based drug screens are limited in their scope of analysis and specificity. Their reliance on the cross-reactivity of antibody reagents is a limiting factor, particularly in light of the emergence of new therapeutics, emerging drugs, and new psychoactive substances (NPS). High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based techniques can offer improved versatility, specificity, and increase the scope of analytical testing. In this study, a validated HRMS screening procedure was used to reanalyze adjudicated blood samples previously tested by immunoassay. IA methods employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme multiplied immunotechnique (EMIT®). The comprehensive HRMS screen utilized supported liquid extraction (SLE) and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Specimens previously tested by IA were reanalyzed using the HRMS screen following long term storage. The LC-QTOF-MS toxicology screen produced an additional 709 positive drug findings (67 compounds) among a population of 919 previously analyzed blood specimens. This study highlights the analytical benefits of MS-based toxicological screening and the advantages of data acquisition modalities that permit retrospective data interrogation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incorporation of an Environmentally Friendly Method for the Detection of Fentanyl and its Analogs in Oral Fluid. 建立一种环境友好的方法检测口服液中芬太尼及其类似物。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf053
Cynthia Coulter, Campbell Coulter, Jonah Gonzales, Christine Moore
{"title":"Incorporation of an Environmentally Friendly Method for the Detection of Fentanyl and its Analogs in Oral Fluid.","authors":"Cynthia Coulter, Campbell Coulter, Jonah Gonzales, Christine Moore","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral fluid is considered a favorable matrix for the identification of drug intake mainly because of its simple, observed, non-invasive collection. Fentanyl and fentanyl analog use, misuse, overdose, and deaths are currently occurring at an alarming rate in the USA. The law enforcement community, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) are all keenly aware of the urgency in addressing an unmet public health need to identify opioid overdose in individuals as rapidly as possible. As part of a National Institute of Justice grant, the present study was intended to develop and validate an environmentally friendly, rapid, sensitive quantitative method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectral detection (LC-MS/MS) for fentanyl and fentanyl analogs in oral fluid collected using the nform rapid test device. Oral fluid samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction incorporating bio-renewable solvents where possible, reducing the environmental footprint of the assay. A buffer/salt free mobile phase was employed consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water (95%): 0.1% formic acid in methanol (5%) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; the run time was 4.5 minutes, again reducing environmental impact in terms of salt and solvent usage. The method included fentanyl, 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine; (4-ANPP; desproprionyl fentanyl), acetyl fentanyl, carfentanil, p-fluorofentanyl, valeryl fentanyl, p-fluorobutyrylfentanyl, furanyl fentanyl and benzoyl fentanyl as well as xylazine, which is often detected with fentanyl. The method was validated according to ANSI/ASB 036 (2019) Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in blood cannabinoid concentrations over multiple collection times in driving under the influence of drugs casework. 在毒品案件工作的影响下,驾驶中多次采集血液大麻素浓度的变化。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf052
Brianna L Peterson, Meaghan R Hessler
{"title":"Changes in blood cannabinoid concentrations over multiple collection times in driving under the influence of drugs casework.","authors":"Brianna L Peterson, Meaghan R Hessler","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most frequently used illicit drug in the world, yet interpretation of THC concentrations in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases is difficult due to possible residual THC concentrations. This study determined the concentrations of cannabinoids in blood collected across multiple time points from drivers in suspected impaired driving cases to evaluate if changes in concentrations over time can provide clarification on time of cannabis use. This study examined cannabinoid-positive DUID cases reported from January 2019 to December 2023 to identify those that tested multiple blood draws. Thirty-five cases were identified that had multiple blood draws for a total of 81 different samples with collection times ranging from 00:32 hours to 12:42 hours between incident and blood draw. Cannabinoid testing was performed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with reporting limits of 1.0, 5.0, and 0.5 ng/mL for 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), and THC, respectively. THC concentrations (n = 81) ranged from 0.74-40 ng/mL. Eleven samples had an increase in THC concentration at a later collection time point. 11-OH-THC concentrations (n = 60) ranged from 1.0-16 ng/mL. THC-COOH concentrations (n = 81) ranged from 7.1-470 ng/mL. The results of this study underscore the difficulty in interpretation and drawing conclusions regarding time of cannabis use, even when multiple samples are obtained from the same subject over time from a single incident.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
LC-MS/MS determination of the novel fentanyl analog, ortho-methylfentanyl, in drug-related toxicity casework. Concentrations in ligated femoral blood. 新型芬太尼类似物正甲基芬太尼在药物相关毒性案例中的LC-MS/MS测定结扎股血浓度。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf050
C N Chatterton, R P Handy, G K Shoemaker
{"title":"LC-MS/MS determination of the novel fentanyl analog, ortho-methylfentanyl, in drug-related toxicity casework. Concentrations in ligated femoral blood.","authors":"C N Chatterton, R P Handy, G K Shoemaker","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method to chromatographically separate, identify and quantify ortho-methylfentanyl (o-methylfentanyl) in postmortem blood. A combination of simple protein precipitation with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was utilized to facilitate chromatographic separation of similar fentanyl analogs, including both meta (m-) and para (p-) methylfentanyl. The analytical range was 1 to 200 ng/mL; the method was validated in accordance with ANSI/ASB Standard 036. In addition to providing details of the validated analytical method, this study details the results of the analysis of one hundred and twelve (112) case samples (101 postmortem case samples and 11 antemortem case samples) from drug-toxicity related death investigations completed by the toxicology laboratory of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Analytical data is presented which compares concentrations of ortho-methylfentanyl in paired postmortem blood collected from both a visualized, ligated femoral vein together with postmortem blood collected directly from the heart, ie, visualized. Median blood ortho-methylfentanyl concentrations were found to be 5.94 ng/mL (femoral) and 8.04 ng/mL (cardiac). The median cardiac to femoral blood concentration ratio across the entire data set was 1.19. The study highlights the varied distribution in the body based on the median concentration of these drugs in postmortem blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thallium distribution along segmented single hairs in a case of a criminal poisoning. 铊在刑事投毒案件中沿分节单根头发的分布。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf034
Peter Heitland, Fritz Pragst, Sven Hartwig, Helmut D Köster
{"title":"Thallium distribution along segmented single hairs in a case of a criminal poisoning.","authors":"Peter Heitland, Fritz Pragst, Sven Hartwig, Helmut D Köster","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, six single hairs, each measuring 9-11 cm in length, from a victim of a single criminal thallium (Tl) poisoning incident were analyzed in 0.3 cm segments applying a validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The results hold significant forensic value, particularly in cases involving limited sample material. Despite the very low weight of 0.3 cm single hair (12-16 µg) we found that the sensitivity of ICP-MS is sufficient to carry out the section-by-section analysis even in one single hair for determining Tl in poisoning cases. The measured Tl concentrations in this case were determined to be in the range of 0.6-6.5 µg/g hair, which are 100-fold beyond what is normally found in the German population. The consistent decrease in concentration from proximal to distal segments could be interpreted by predominant Tl incorporation via sweat. This finding is discussed in comparison with previous studies on Tl hair concentrations and in relation to the toxic effects of thallium on hair growth and sweat gland function. Due to the low limit of detection of 0.008 µg Tl/g hair, we conclude that Tl poisoning can be detected by analysis of single hairs in 0.3 cm segments. However, proving repeated or continuous exposure to the toxin may be challenging due to its incorporation from sweat.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Screening and Quantitation of Drugs and their Metabolites in Post-Mortem Vitreous Humor by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. 液相色谱-高分辨质谱法同时筛选和定量死后玻璃体中药物及其代谢物。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf049
Edmund Rab, Ellen Sellers, Marta-Sofia Lindo-Cardoso, Gabrielle Wall, Faizan Khan
{"title":"Simultaneous Screening and Quantitation of Drugs and their Metabolites in Post-Mortem Vitreous Humor by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Edmund Rab, Ellen Sellers, Marta-Sofia Lindo-Cardoso, Gabrielle Wall, Faizan Khan","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-mortem vitreous humor may be used for toxicological analysis if blood and urine are unavailable, or where post-mortem blood is thought to be affected by post-mortem changes. Use of vitreous humor has been restricted by the available sample volume and instrument sensitivity. However, the advent of combined screening and quantitative methodologies using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) makes analysis of vitreous humor possible. This study examines an existing combined screening and quantitative methodology to determine if it is suitable for use with vitreous humor. Analysis of standard solutions containing 48 compounds showed % difference between expected and measured values in the range -15.59 to 20.81, -15.73 to 18.34, -14.32 to 19.77 and -19.90 to 19.78 for very low, low, mid and high range standard solutions respectively. Intraassay %CV was in the range 0.93 to 10.10, 1.35 to 15.19, 3.07 to 11.56 and 2.04 to 8.29 and interassay %CV was 0.96 to 17.40, 3.68 to 17.03, 3.94 to 17.12 and 4.87 to 16.55. Limits of quantitation range from 0.002 to 0.5 and limits of detection from 0.0008 to 0.06 mg/L. There was no significant interference from ion suppression or isobaric compounds and very little carryover. Dilution 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 with vitreous humor gave acceptable results. Comparison of screening results from 129 post-mortem cases showed that most compounds detected in blood and/or urine were also detected in vitreous humor. Compounds more readily detected in vitreous humor included 6-monoacetylmorphine, cocaine, codeine, dihydrocodeine, olanzapine, desmethylzopiclone, diazepam, cocaethylene and desmethylmirtazapine. Compounds more readily identified in blood and/or urine included desmethylsertraline, EDDP, nordiazepam, papaverine, paracetamol and morphine. The assay is suitable for screening and quantitation of drugs and their metabolites in vitreous humor and can be used where blood and urine are unavailable, or where the analysis of vitreous humor may provide useful information.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Cannabinoids and Semi-synthetic Cannabinoids in Authentic Breastmilk by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. 液相色谱-串联质谱法分析正宗母乳中大麻素和半合成大麻素。
IF 2.3 3区 医学
Journal of analytical toxicology Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaf047
Marco Ballotari, Michael T Truver, Nayana A Sojin, Rhea Parimoo, Lauren A Agliano, Jennifer L Hoyer, Amie J Goodin, Deepthi S Varma, Chris W Chronister, Kay Roussos-Ross, Bruce A Goldberger
{"title":"Analysis of Cannabinoids and Semi-synthetic Cannabinoids in Authentic Breastmilk by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Marco Ballotari, Michael T Truver, Nayana A Sojin, Rhea Parimoo, Lauren A Agliano, Jennifer L Hoyer, Amie J Goodin, Deepthi S Varma, Chris W Chronister, Kay Roussos-Ross, Bruce A Goldberger","doi":"10.1093/jat/bkaf047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marijuana (cannabis) is generally considered the most frequently misused substance during pregnancy. The prevalence in the use of either medical or non-medical marijuana for relief of pregnancy-related symptoms is increasing, as well as the use of cannabis-related products containing cannabidiol (CBD) and semi-synthetic cannabinoids (SSCs). Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD are highly lipophilic substances and will readily pass into breastmilk upon ingestion. The solubility of THC and CBD in lipids poses significant analytical challenges in extracting and identifying these substances in breastmilk. The aim of this study was to develop a new and sensitive assay utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the detection of cannabinoids in breastmilk. The method was optimized to quantitate Δ8-THC, Δ9-THC, cannabigerol (CBG), CBD, and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and validated with the guidance of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board (ASB) Standard 036. The assay was then used to analyze breastmilk samples (N = 57) collected postpartum from female patients enrolled in a study assessing use behaviors of medical marijuana, non-medical marijuana, and CBD. All analytes passed validation criteria. Calibration curves for all analytes ranged 0.5-400 ng/mL, with the LOD and LLOQ of the method set at the lowest calibrator concentration. Δ9-THC was quantitated in 19 samples (33.3%) with a concentration range of 0.5-291 ng/mL. Δ8-THC was detected in one sample (1.8%) at 0.8 ng/mL, while CBD was observed in 3 samples at a concentration <LLOQ, and quantitated in only one sample (1.8%) also at a concentration of 0.8 ng/mL. CBG was detected in 7 samples (12.2%) with a concentration range of 0.6-12.9 ng/mL, and at a concentration <LLOQ in 12 samples. This study presents a sensitive method for the analysis of cannabinoids in breastmilk to support the follow-up assessments of marijuana and CBD use during pregnancy and postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":14905,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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