Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"From Traits to Parameters: Genotype and Water Regime Effects on Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Crop Model Parameterization","authors":"Finn Großmann,&nbsp;Henning Kage,&nbsp;Dieter Hackenberg,&nbsp;Till Rose","doi":"10.1111/jac.70232","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding genotype × environment (G × E) interactions is essential for improving yield stability and resource use efficiency in sugar beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) under variable water availability. Field experiments with six diverse genotypes grown under two contrasting water regimes (fully irrigated vs. rain-excluded) across two seasons were used to derive genotype-specific parameter sets for storage root partitioning (<i>RP</i>_<i>max</i>, <i>k</i>_<i>DM</i>), within-leaf partitioning (<i>flb</i>, <i>fla</i>), specific leaf blade area (<i>a</i>_<i>SLA</i>) and rooting depth dynamics (<i>k</i>_<i>zb</i>). Storage root partitioning was best described by a rectangular hyperbola: Maximum storage root proportion (<i>RP</i>_<i>max</i>) differed significantly among genotypes and between water regimes, whereas dry matter at half maximum (<i>k</i>_<i>DM</i>) showed no significant variation. Specific leaf blade area declined under reduced water availability and exhibited strong genotypic control. Partitioning between leaf blades and petioles varied with increasing leaf dry matter among genotypes in both intercept and slope but was not affected by water regime. Rooting dynamics were captured by an expo-linear function with a transition to linear growth at approximately 288°Cd; genotypes differed in linear-phase rooting speed (G4 ≈ G1 &gt; G5 &gt; G6 &gt; G2 &gt; G3). No statistically significant genotype × water regime interaction was detected for any estimated parameter, suggesting that genotype-specific baseline parameters can be retained and, within the range of conditions tested, dynamically scaled by a common continuous water-status modifier (ratio of actual to potential transpiration, T_act T_pot⁻¹).</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Whole-Plant Responses Among Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum L) to an Episode of High Temperature","authors":"Hassan Sardar,&nbsp;Stephen Paul Milroy,&nbsp;Richard William Bell","doi":"10.1111/jac.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies have shown that the sensitivity of potato to high temperatures differs among growth stages, however, little is known about whether this is consistent among genotypes. This may be significant in selecting varieties for regions or systems which are likely to experience high temperatures at different stages of development. Therefore, the current study was aimed at testing the null hypothesis: ‘an episode of high temperature occurring at different stages causes similar changes in potato varieties both during and after the episode’. To test this, a series of three glasshouse experiments was conducted at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. The control temperature was set at 20°C. A set of plants was exposed to an episode of high temperature (30°C ± 1°C) at different developmental stages in different experiments. Seven commercial potato varieties were screened for tolerance in Experiment 1, four of which (Atlantic, Maranca, Nadine &amp; Laura) were selected for further study based on apparent differences in thermo-tolerance. In Experiment 2, varieties were differently affected by high temperature in terms of total plant and tuber dry matter at 81 days after planting which was caused by the extent of recovery of varieties after the high temperature episode. The apparent tolerance of Atlantic differed between Experiment 1 (susceptible) and Experiment 2 (tolerant), which suggested that Atlantic's susceptibility was different between developmental stages. This was confirmed in Experiment 3. Mechanistically, the extent of recovery after a high temperature episode, the ability to sustain green leaves, and the capacity to sustain the rate of partitioning to tubers correlated to the thermo-tolerance of varieties. Overall, these results indicate that the changes in thermo-tolerance with growth-stage are not necessarily consistent between varieties. This has implications for the suitability of varieties for specific heat stress scenarios and for methods of screening for thermo-tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Functional Traits in Spring Maize Leaves to Water Stress and Their Threshold Effects","authors":"Yu Rui Tang, Yue Qi, He Ling Wang, Hong Zhao, Kai Zhang, Yang Yang, Xing Xing Wei, Fei Chen, Ya Ling Lu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70230","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the response patterns of functional traits to soil moisture during the jointing stage of spring maize and to identify key moisture thresholds and adaptive strategies, this study conducted a pot‐based water‐controlled experiment. Leaf morphological and physiological traits, water status and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured under different soil relative humidity (RH) conditions. Linear regression, sigmoidal function and piecewise regression models were employed, combined with principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis for a comprehensive assessment. The results showed that: (1) Specific leaf area (SLA) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) exhibited a linear decline with decreasing soil RH, with no significant threshold detected. Water status parameters (tissue water content and leaf water potential) displayed a two‐phase response, with synergistic thresholds concentrated in the 36%–47% RH range. Among photosynthetic parameters, stomatal conductance ( <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> ), transpiration rate ( <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>r</jats:sub> ) and net photosynthetic rate ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub>n</jats:sub> ) followed sigmoidal threshold responses, with <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> <jats:sub>10</jats:sub> values of 75.3%, 68.6% and 64.9% RH, respectively. In contrast, intercellular CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration ( <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>i</jats:sub> ), stomatal limitation value ( <jats:italic>L</jats:italic> <jats:sub>s</jats:sub> ) and water use efficiency (WUE) exhibited a three‐phase response; a critical transition from non‐stomatal to stomatal‐dominated photosynthetic limitation occurred in the 36%–47% RH range. (2) Cluster analysis divided the samples into two groups at a moisture cutoff of 41% RH. The low‐RH group exhibited differentiation between ‘water‐saving’ and ‘drought‐tolerance’ strategies, whereas traits in the high‐RH group showed convergence. Correlation analysis further revealed that under low‐RH conditions, maintaining higher tissue water content was associated with lower WUE and higher <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> <jats:sub>i</jats:sub> , indicative of non‐stomatal limitation; whereas under high‐RH conditions, photosynthetic activity was driven primarily by leaf water potential. This study identified multi‐stage thresholds of water stress in spring maize, revealing distinct adaptive strategies under drought stress and optimal moisture conditions. Maintaining soil RH above 47% can ensure the full expression of photosynthetic potential, whereas values below 41% warrant attention to the risk of drought‐induced impairment of plant functions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for water management of spring maize in arid and semi‐arid regions.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) Production and Breeding Progress in Poland (1992–2023) Under Increasing Drought Risk","authors":"Tadeusz Oleksiak, Dagmara Pacoń, Marzena Iwańska, Marcin Studnicki, Piotr Stefański, Krystyna Rybka","doi":"10.1111/jac.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70223","url":null,"abstract":"Poland is the leading global producer of triticale (× <jats:italic>Triticosecale</jats:italic> Wittm. ex <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>A. Camus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ), a cereal combining wheat and rye ancestry, commonly grown on poorer soils than wheat and better than rye. Although triticale is adapted to suboptimal environments, its yields remain sensitive to spring drought, a risk projected to increase under climate change. As the second most widely cultivated cereal in the country, its yield stability is of agronomic and economic relevance. We assessed the effects of drought on triticale yields across six agro‐climatic regions of Poland over the period 1992–2023. Drought intensity and frequency were characterized using the Standardized Precipitation Index and Selyaninov's Hydrothermal Coefficient. Yield trends were estimated using Bayesian linear regression. Over three decades, mean yields increased by 65% in winter and 56% in spring triticale, indicating sustained genetic progress. However, drought events reduced yields by approximately 6%–8% in winter forms and 9%–15% in spring forms, with the highest frequency and impact observed in northern and central‐western regions. Despite recurrent spring droughts, long‐term yield trends remained positive under both normal and dry conditions. These results indicate that breeding‐driven yield gains have not been offset by increasing drought frequency, but improving resilience will require integrating genetic improvement with agronomic measures to mitigate soil water deficits.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses to Characterize Drought Tolerance‐Related Hub Genes in Drought‐Sensitive Sugar Beet","authors":"Shuang Li, Jiawei Zhang, Xiaohang Hu, Qiaoli Chen","doi":"10.1111/jac.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70226","url":null,"abstract":"With global warming and increasing water scarcity, enhancing crop drought resistance has become a critical strategy for sustainable agricultural development. Sugar beet ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Beta vulgaris</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> L.) is an important sugar crop that exhibits weak drought tolerance at the seedling stage, which severely restricts yield formation in arid and semi‐arid regions. In this study, gradient drought stress was simulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG‐6000) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and the drought tolerance of six sugar beet germplasms was comprehensively evaluated by integrating physiological and biochemical indicators through the membership function method. The results demonstrated that germplasm 7748 exhibited strong drought tolerance, whereas germplasm 4502 was highly drought sensitive. Transcriptomic analysis of the drought‐sensitive germplasm 4502 revealed a progressive increase in differentially expressed genes with increasing drought intensity. Under severe drought stress, genes associated with the photosynthesis pathway were predominantly downregulated, representing a major transcriptional response characteristic. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified core modules positively correlated with drought tolerance, within which <jats:italic>petA</jats:italic> was identified as a key hub gene. RT‐qPCR validation showed that <jats:italic>petA</jats:italic> expression was significantly suppressed by drought stress in germplasm 4502 but remained relatively stable in germplasm 7748. These results indicated that the drought‐sensitive germplasm 4502 exhibited impaired maintenance of <jats:italic>petA</jats:italic> expression under drought stress, which was closely associated with the disruption of photosynthetic function and reduced drought tolerance. This study characterized the core features of drought‐tolerant sugar beet germplasm and revealed key molecular regulatory deficiencies in drought‐sensitive germplasm at the seedling stage, providing reference and candidate gene targets for drought‐resistant sugar beet breeding.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"248 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Membership Function Value‐Based Approach for Multi‐Stage Assessment of Salinity Tolerance in Soybean ( Glycine max L.)","authors":"Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung, Ngo Thuy Diem Trang, Vu Thi Xuan Nhuong, Nguyen Thien Minh, Dang Quoc Thien, Huynh Ky, Donghe Xu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70227","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is a major constraint to soybean production in the coastal regions of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). In this study, the salinity tolerance of seven soybean varieties was evaluated under 0‰, 4‰ and 6‰ salinity levels (corresponding to EC values of 0.5, 6.5 and 10.6 dS m <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> , respectively) at multiple growth stages using membership function value (MFV), integrating diverse salt‐tolerant traits into a single index. Seven soybean varieties were classified into highly salt‐sensitive (HSS, &lt; 0.32), salt‐sensitive (SS, 0.32–0.42) and moderately salt‐tolerant (MST, 0.42–0.73) based on the mean MFV (mMFV). Salt stress caused severe yield losses in AGS 85 (HSS) and MTĐ 176 (SS) varieties, while MTĐ 305, HL 09‐10, Ankur, VX87‐09‐1 and FH 92‐3 (MST) genotypes maintained 75%–92% of yield under 6‰ salinity. Using best subset selection (BSS), 12 key predictors for mMFV were identified, with number of pods (NoPo), root Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> , chlorophyll and proline content at 50 DAS (RNa <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> 50, SPAD50 and Pro50), and root dry weight at R8 (RDWR8) as the most important predictors. Correlation and PCA analyses showed strong positive relationships of mMFV with NoPo, SPAD50 and RDWR8 ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.90, 0.70 and 0.67) and strong negative associations with RNa <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> 50 and Pro50 ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.74 and −0.58). Hierarchical clustering revealed that HSS and SS genotypes failed to maintain optimal Na <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> /K <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> balance and exhibited proline hyperaccumulation in early stages of salt stress, leading to yield reduction, whereas MST genotypes maintained higher yield by keeping favourable levels of these traits. The multiple regression model based on the 12 key traits accurately predicted observed mMFV values, confirming its reliability for genotype classification and accelerating breeding of salt‐tolerant soybean cultivars in the VMD.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On‐Field Agronomic Assessment of Emmer Wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum ) Adaptability Under Multiple Mediterranean Environments","authors":"Aviya Fadida‐Myers, Aviv Tzuberi, Kamal Nashef, Rajib Roychowdhury, Roi Ben‐David","doi":"10.1111/jac.70229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70229","url":null,"abstract":"The renewed demand for healthy, sustainable plant‐based foods has sparked increased interest in ancient grains such as emmer wheat ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Triticum turgidum</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ssp. <jats:italic>dicoccum</jats:italic> ), while their potential contribution to resilient agricultural systems has also attracted agronomic attention. Here we evaluated the agronomic performance, yield stability and adaptive potential of selected emmer wheat accessions previously identified for their potential adaptability to Mediterranean climates. Field trials were conducted across three contrasting environments in northern Israel during 2019–20. Significant genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were observed, especially for yield‐related traits. Modern durum cultivars outperformed emmer in favourable environments but experienced severe yield losses under stress. These contrasting responses highlighted the trade‐off between maximum productivity and agronomic resilience under Mediterranean environmental variability. Conversely, specific emmer accessions maintained consistent yields across environments, demonstrating superior stability in Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. Phenology was the key driver of crop productivity, evidenced by a significant negative correlation between days to heading and thousand kernel weight ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = −0.80, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.006). This emphasizes earliness as a crucial adaptive trait allowing emmer to escape terminal drought and heat stress typical of the Mediterranean climate. A scaled‐up semi‐commercial evaluation across diverse regions confirmed the agronomic potential of emmer adoption among farmers. Although yield improvement remains a central breeding objective, these stable, early flowering emmer lines offer valuable genetic resources for developing resilient wheat cultivars suited to future climate variability and the specific challenges of sustainable Mediterranean agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Integrating Biomass Estimation Using a Novel Vegetation Index With SEBAL Evapotranspiration Modelling","authors":"Ke Wu,&nbsp;Chenkai Gao,&nbsp;Lingyun Li,&nbsp;Xiaokang Guan,&nbsp;TongChao Wang,&nbsp;Zujiao Shi,&nbsp;Pengfei Wen,&nbsp;Wei Feng","doi":"10.1111/jac.70224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As an important indicator of the efficiency of vegetation in converting water into above-ground biomass, water use efficiency (WUE) plays a key role in monitoring the carbon and water cycles in agroecosystems. Although integrating multi-source remote sensing data with process-based models can improve the estimation accuracy of aboveground biomass (AGB) and evapotranspiration (ET), its effectiveness in synchronously estimating the further derived water use efficiency (WUE) of both still needs to be verified. The objective of this study is to integrate daily-scale AGB estimates derived from multi-source remote sensing data with daily-scale ET estimates from the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model driven by multispectral, thermal imaging and meteorological data, enabling rapid monitoring of WUE across different winter wheat cultivars. We introduced two new Modified leaf chlorophyll index (MLCI) to effectively monitor wheat AGB (MLCI-1: <i>r</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.751, MLCI-2: <i>r</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.762), which exhibit reduced sensitivity to changes in leaf scattering and internal structure. Compared to Simple Linear Regression (SLR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models, the stacked ensemble learning model utilizing dataset 5, which integrates vegetation indices, texture indices and newly constructed vegetation indices as input parameters, has been demonstrated to be the optimal estimation model for predicting AGB across different wheat cultivars (<i>r</i>_cal² = 0.845, RMSE_cal = 111.9 g/m², RPD_cal = 2.33; <i>r</i>_val² = 0.830, RMSE_val = 101.0 g/m², RPD_val = 2.34). Then, the Gaussian fitting function was employed to accurately estimate the daily-scale AGB (<i>r</i>^<i>2</i> &gt; 0.979). On the daily scale, the ET predicted by the SEBAL model is consistent with the measured ET, with an <i>r</i>^<i>2</i> value of 0.87. By further integrating multisensory data fusion with process-based models, precise and reliable estimates of wheat daily-scale WUE can be achieved, with <i>r</i>^<i>2</i> values ranging from 0.66 to 0.69 across different wheat cultivars. In summary, the non-destructive UAVs-based approach combines multisensory data AGB modelling with SEBAL evapotranspiration modelling to accurately estimate daily-scale WUE of multiple cultivars in wheat.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Grain Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench ) Cultivation in Central Europe: Effects of Seeding Rate, Nitrogen Application and Weed Competition on Hybrid Performance","authors":"Ariel Tóth, Kristóf Kozma‐Bognár, Zoltán Tóth","doi":"10.1111/jac.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70225","url":null,"abstract":"Since grain sorghum ( <jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Sorghum bicolor</jats:styled-content> L. Moench </jats:italic> ) is gaining recognition as a climate‐resilient alternative to maize in Central Europe, optimizing the cultivation technology of commercial hybrids has become a key area of research. A 2‐year study (2023–2024) was conducted in Keszthely, Hungary to assess the plant‐ and plot‐level responses of four grain sorghum hybrids of different maturity groups (C1: KWS Nemesis, C2: RTG Huggo, C3: GK Erzsében, C4: ES Foehn) to combinations of seeding rate (SR240–SR280: 240,000, 280,000 seeds ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ) and nitrogen treatments (N0–N200: 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ). N optimums were determined by a novel approach using simplified N balance and relative grain yield loss (RYL) curves. Early‐season precipitation was found to be essential for successful sorghum production, as its absence in 2023 severely reduced the effectiveness of pre‐emergent weed control. Increasing the seeding rate from 240,000 to 280,000 plants ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> induced stem elongation, biomass loss, and reductions in tillering; however, yield gains from the increased plant number compensated for these adverse morphological changes. The optimal N rate varied widely among years, cultivars, and treatment combinations (40–160 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ), but the highest yields were achieved under weed‐free conditions (in 2024) at a seeding rate of 280,000 plants ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and N application rates of 120–160 kg N ha <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Mid‐early and medium‐maturing hybrids consistently outperformed the early maturing one; therefore, they should be prioritized under similar environmental conditions. Knowledge of optimal treatment combinations may assist producers in enhancing grain sorghum production across Central Europe.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148372317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Fertilization Alleviates High-Temperature-Induced Photosynthetic Inhibition and Enhances Nitrogen Assimilation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Changyan Pang,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Chenghao Wei,&nbsp;Mengkai Wang,&nbsp;Changqing Chen","doi":"10.1111/jac.70222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming significantly threatens crop productivity in subtropical rice systems by disrupting physiological and metabolic pathways. While nitrogen (N) is known to influence thermal adaptation, integrative studies bridging mechanistic gaps in carbon–nitrogen coupling under warming remain limited. A 2-year field experiment using Free Air Temperature Increase (FATI) technology (Δ<i>T</i> = +1°C–2°C) was conducted to evaluate the effects of simulated warming on rice under two nitrogen levels: no nitrogen (−N) and conventional application (+N). Warming under −N conditions significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 10.94%, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation (DMA) by 10.78%, and nitrogen uptake (NU) by 28.42%. Nitrogen fertilization effectively mitigated these negative impacts, reducing the declines to 7.85%, 2.48% and 16.8%, respectively. Overall, warming led to yield losses of 9.85% (−N) and 8.37% (+N). Random forest regression (RFR) with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) value analysis further quantified the importance of pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation to rice yield. The results revealed its critical role alongside the net photosynthetic rate during grain filling and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, with feature importance rankings of 49.15, 44.26 and 34.21, respectively. Warming disrupted post-anthesis physiological homeostasis in a nitrogen-dependent manner. Warming induced declines in both post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake, ultimately leading to yield loss. Nitrogen fertilization alleviates high-temperature-induced photosynthetic inhibition and enhances nitrogen assimilation in rice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148372319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}