Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Response of Durum Wheat Cultivars to Climate Change in a Mediterranean Environment: Trends of Weather and Crop Variables at the Turn of 21st Century","authors":"Angelo Rossini,&nbsp;Roberto Ruggeri,&nbsp;Andreina Belocchi,&nbsp;Francesco Rossini","doi":"10.1111/jac.12786","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12786","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A better comprehension and analysis of climate impacts on crop traits allows the implementation of more appropriate adaptation strategies and, therefore, a higher resilience of the future cropping systems. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess how the climate changed in the last 32 years in a Mediterranean-type climate, (ii) to understand how crop traits evolved over time in early and late durum wheat cultivars and (iii) to highlight which weather variables mostly affected the performances of diverse durum wheat varieties. To investigate this, a 32-year period (i.e., 1989–2020) was analysed, detecting possible significant trends of weather variables (e.g., air temperatures, precipitations, solar radiation) and crop traits (e.g., earliness, yield, yield components and test weight) over time in Viterbo, central Italy. Eight durum wheat varieties (4 early and 4 late cultivars) were chosen from the most used in that location. A clear upward trend of the monthly maximum air temperature during the entire growing season was revealed (0.12°C–0.21°C per year), while rainfall displayed a significant trend only for February and March. Days to heading and number of spikes per unit area showed a significant downward trend moving towards 2020. Anticipation of heading date was much more pronounced in the late cultivars than in the early ones, so that the difference between the two groups was reduced from about 10 days of 1989 to less than 6 days of 2020. Grain yield stagnated around 5 t ha⁻¹ with late varieties that proved to be as good producers as the early ones. Test weight and thousand kernel weight showed a slight increase over time. Maximum temperatures of February and March exerted a considerable influence in reducing time to heading (0.7–3.4 days for each additional°C), while the maximum temperature of May was detrimental for grain yield (−180 to −270 kg ha⁻¹ for each additional °C). Our study identified two weak points in the current durum wheat cultivation: (i) phenology is being more and more similar among modern cultivars; (ii) the number of spikes per unit area dramatically decreased in the last 30 years. Therefore, beside greater genetic diversity, a new agronomic approach, especially from seeding to the end of the tillering stage, will be required to cope with durum cultivation in the future climate scenario of the Mediterranean. The outputs of our analysis add precious information on the comprehension of climate change effects on Mediterranean cropping systems and can guide either the decision making for the management of durum wheat or its breeding activity for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.12786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive and Negative Effects of Inter-Annual Climate Variability on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop in Agro-Climatic Zones of Punjab","authors":"Sohail Abbas,&nbsp;Tingting Li,&nbsp;Yi Chen,&nbsp;Heli Lu,&nbsp;Siqi Lu,&nbsp;Fenglin Lv,&nbsp;Liang Cao,&nbsp;Nausheen Mazhar,&nbsp;Wanfu Feng","doi":"10.1111/jac.12780","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12780","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Globally, climate changes have significantly shifted the phenological phases and stages of rice, altered the duration of the growing season and negatively affected rice productivity due to flooding and drought. However, in the present study, the positive and negative impacts of inter-annual climate variability on rice crops during phenological stages in agro-climatic zones of Punjab for the period from 1989 to 2018. Initially, first difference approach was applied to minimise the impact of technological factors. Then, skewness and kurtosis tests were used to check the normalisation of the data. The standardisation method was used to normalise the data. Pearson correlation was used to determine the significant effects of climate variables on rice yield. The residuals were formed to confirm the effects of inter-annual climate variability on rice yield in the phenological phases. The analysis revealed that a high variability of rice yields was investigated in the western region compared to the southern and western regions. The results showed a negative impact of heavy rainfall (flooding) on the years with low yields (2010, 2013 and 2016) in the Central region. Similarly, the years with low rice yields (1996, 2010, 2013 and 2014) in the Southern region were negatively affected by flooding at the time of sowing. A positive effect of rainfall was observed in the years with high rice yields (1995, 2002, 2009 and 2018) in the Western region. In contrast, the low-yielding years 1994, 2003 and 2010 were negatively affected by flooding in the same years during the tillering stage. A high interannual maximum temperature variability was analysed in the Southern &gt; Western &gt; Central regions, leading to yield losses due to biotic stress during tillering and stem elongation stages. This is due to the immense reason of drought stress. The minimum temperature negatively affects the low-yield years (2001, 2008, 2013 and 2016) in the central zone and the low-yield years (2014, 2015 and 2016) in the southern zone during the reproductive stage. This research will help to develop new rice varieties that are more productive at high temperatures and require less water, leading to sustainable development in arid and semi-arid regions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Agronomic Crops Lodging Resistance and Prevention: A Review","authors":"Muzammal Rehman,&nbsp;Dengjie Luo,&nbsp;Samavia Mubeen,&nbsp;Jiao Pan,&nbsp;Shan Cao,&nbsp;Wajid Saeed,&nbsp;Peng Chen","doi":"10.1111/jac.12785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12785","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crop lodging is recognised as one of the yield-limiting factors in agricultural production. Therefore, better understanding to improve lodging resistance and to prevent lodging-induced losses in agronomic crops is necessary. Besides yield losses, lodging severely affects the crop harvesting process and increases the production cost. However, achieving the objective of higher crop yields and yield quality without increasing lodging risk is quite challenging. To this end, it is essential to interpret the underlying mechanism of plant stem buckling and failure of root anchorage and optimise the fundamental trade-off between lodging resistance and yield performance in agronomic crops. In the present review, we made an effort to discuss recent and innovative research insights that guarantee greater lodging resistance along with advanced lodging prevention strategies while sustaining higher crop yield and yield quality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of KNO3-Priming on Agronomic, Physicochemical and Fibre Attributes of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Saline Conditions","authors":"Ghulam Abbas Narejo,&nbsp;Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar,&nbsp;Sanaullah Yasin,&nbsp;Rafat Saeed","doi":"10.1111/jac.12779","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12779","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Salinity stress presents a challenging dilemma for plant growth and development. It disrupts cotton (&lt;i&gt;Gossypium hirsutum&lt;/i&gt; L.) yield through an immediate osmotic and a slower ionic phase, ultimately diminishing its fibre quality. Seed priming, a low-cost seed pre-treatment, mitigates these effects by triggering prior metabolic processes and subsequent gene expression. This pioneering work aimed to improve agronomic, physicochemical parameters and fibre characteristics in cotton genotypes (GH-Baghdadi and GH-Mubarak) by potassium nitrate (KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) mediated osmopriming (1.25% and 1.5% conc.) for 15, 20 and 25 h, along with an un-primed control under saline field conditions. The randomised complete block design experiment in triplicate was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the soil with electrical conductivity (extract) (EC&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;) 9.44 dS m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; to investigate optimal priming media and priming duration. The results showed that salinity impaired physicochemical and agronomic parameters in the control experiment. However, seed priming with 1.5% KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; for 20 h significantly improved the yield and yield contributing components in both genotypes. Maximum values for chlorophyll (Chl) &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; were recorded at 1.50 and 0.90 mg g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; fresh weight (FW), respectively, under this treatment. Similarly, the chlorophyll-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; fluorescence parameters (Chl-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; FPs), such as the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (&lt;i&gt;Fv/F&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/i&gt;) (0.83), effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ&lt;sub&gt;PSII&lt;/sub&gt;) (0.76) and photochemical quenching coefficient (&lt;i&gt;qP&lt;/i&gt;) (0.85), indicated improved light harvesting, electron transport and photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) increased to 19.65 mmol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, while stomatal conductance (&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) reached 28.39 mmol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; at the same treatment. A strongly positive correlation was found between chl-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; FPs and net photosynthetic yield. Enzymatic activities, including catalase (CAT) at 2.17 unit mg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 1.05 unit mg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and peroxidase (POD) at 1.50 unit mg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; were significantly enhanced, along with leaf potassium (K) (14.3 mg g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; dry weight [DW]) and calcium (Ca) (6.7 mg g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; DW), particularly in GH-Mubarak. Seed-cotton yield (SCY) increased to 5274 kg h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and fibre strength (FS) improved to 31.3 thousand pounds per square inch (tppsi), while ginning out-turn (GOT) reached a maximum of 45% at 1.5% KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; for 20 h in both genotypes. The micronaire value (4 μg in.&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;) significantly decreased, indicating improved fibre fineness. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between physicochemical and agronomic traits, particularly gas exchange characteristics, chlorophy","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators Enhances Drought Tolerance by Modulating Growth and Biochemical Responses in Sugarcane Varieties","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Yaowen Deng,&nbsp;Rongman Lv,&nbsp;Kashif Akhtar,&nbsp;Ihsan Muhammad,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq,&nbsp;Ronghui Wen","doi":"10.1111/jac.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12784","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant growth regulators (PGRs) improve crop growth and mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study explores the effects of various PGRs including melatonin (MT), indole-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) on drought-tolerant Zhongzhe 9 (ZZ9) and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), as well as drought-sensitive varieties Guitang-44 (GT44) and Funong 41 (FN41) varieties. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the foliar application of these hormones alone or in combination on sugarcane seedlings under drought stress conditions. At the sixth leaf stage, drought stress was induced by reducing soil moisture to 40%–45% field capacity. Results showed that the drought-sensitive variety GT44 had the highest plant height (17.97 cm), while PGRs application enhanced the relative water content (RWC) in FN41 by 0.96%. PGRs treatment also increased plant height by 33.98% and RWC by 3.26% compared to controls. MT application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b contents in FN41 by 4.82% and 4.51%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased by 16.39% and 12.57%, respectively, indicating enhanced oxidative stress defence. Moreover, PGRs applications reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, signifying decreased oxidative damages. The combinations of MT + GA₃ and MT + IBA + GA₃ significantly improved the plant growth attributes, antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA content in both tolerant and sensitive varieties under drought stress. Thus, combined application of MT + GA₃ and MT + IBA + GA₃ treatments effectively mitigated drought stress in sugarcane seedlings, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Mulching Practices Increased Grain-Filling Capacity of Rainfed Maize (Zea mays L.) by Improving Soil Hydrothermal Condition and Leaf Photosynthetic Potential","authors":"Zhenqi Liao,&nbsp;Zhenlin Lai,&nbsp;Hongtai Kou,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Zhijun Li,&nbsp;Fucang Zhang,&nbsp;Junliang Fan","doi":"10.1111/jac.12781","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12781","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grain-filling rate and duration largely affect the grain-filling capacity, which determines the grain yield of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Nevertheless, there is little about the mechanism of how various soil mulching practices affect the leaf photosynthetic potential and subsequent grain-filling capacity of maize. Field experiments were undertaken on rainfed summer maize in northwest China under flat cultivation without mulch (FNM), flat cultivation with straw mulch (FSM), flat cultivation with transparent film mulch (FTF), flat cultivation with black film mulch (FBF), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulch (RTF) and ridge-furrow cultivation with black film mulch (RBF) in 2021 and 2022. This study explored the impact of various soil mulching patterns on soil hydrothermal condition, leaf growth, photosynthetic potential, aboveground dry matter growth and grain-filling process of rainfed maize. The dynamics of leaf area index (LAI) and grain-filling were fitted with growth equations, and the relationships of grain-filling rate, leaf area duration and LAI withering rate were quantified. The results showed that, compared with FNM, other five soil mulching practices improved soil hydrothermal condition, the maximum LAI and leaf expansion rate but reduced leaf withering rate, thereby increasing radiation interception rate (RI) at the grain-filling stage. The soil mulching practices also increased leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and the aboveground dry matter. Compared with FNM, other five practices extended the effective grain-filling period and the active period of grain-filling, increased the maximum and mean grain-filling rates, improved the 100-kernel weight and the average kernel per ear (KPE), thereby increasing grain yields by 9.2%, 33.7%, 38.0%, 46.3% and 58.6%, respectively. The functional relationships of grain-filling rate and accumulated leaf area duration (<i>y</i> = <i>a</i>/(1 + <i>b</i>*exp(−<i>kx</i>))), and the functional relationships of grain-filling rate and LAI withering rate (<i>y</i> = (<i>a</i> + <i>cx</i> + <i>ex</i>²)/(1 + <i>bx</i> + <i>dx</i>²)) were first proposed. In conclusion, various soil mulching practices improved the soil hydrothermal condition, green leaves growth process and RI, which improved the leaf photosynthetic potential and the grain-filling capacity, thereby increasing the 100-kernel weight, KPE and grain yield. This study can help us quantitatively describe and better understand the maize grain-filling process under various mulching practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilisation on Maize Photosynthetic Performance and Yield of Rainfed Systems in Drought-Prone Environments","authors":"Ya Huang,&nbsp;Fei Gao,&nbsp;Rayyan Khan,&nbsp;Shahid Ali,&nbsp;Xun Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jac.12782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12782","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize, a cereal crop of global significance, encounters cultivation challenges in the subtropical regions of Guangxi, mainly due to variable rainfall and low soil fertility, exacerbating the effects of drought. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on overcoming these challenges and improving maize growth and yield. Between 2020 and 2021, a split-plot experiment was conducted. The main plots were assigned to two irrigation treatments: irrigated and rainfed. Within each main plot, subplots were treated with different nitrogen levels (0, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha⁻¹). The results showed that nitrogen levels and water regime significantly impacted several key factors, including the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon-metabolising enzymes and total carbon (TC) content accumulation. Under drought-like rainfed conditions, the application of nitrogen, RN300 (rainfed application nitrogen 300 kg ha⁻¹), IN250 (irrigated application nitrogen 250 kg ha⁻¹) significantly enhanced the Pn (10.0%), Tr (3.17%), Ci (3.41%) and Gs (2.6%). Additionally, PAR was significantly influenced by the water regime and nitrogen levels. Under IN250, the capture ratio (Ca) increased (2.36%), while the penetration ratio (Pe) and reflectance ratio (Re) decreased by 13.12% and 46.36%, respectively, compared to RN300. The levels of carbon metabolism enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and the TC content were higher under RN300 compared to IN250; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Path analysis revealed that thousand kernel weight had the most significant impact on yield under both water regimes. The effect was stronger under irrigated conditions, with a path coefficient of 0.647, compared to 0.459 under rainfed conditions. Correlation analysis indicated that plant height (0.938), stem diameter (0.906), ear diameter (0.928) and ear length (0.803) were positively correlated with nitrogen levels. In conclusion, maize under IN250 exhibited superior photosynthetic performance and carbon accumulation. This suggests that balanced irrigation and nitrogen management can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of drought on maize, optimising growth and yield sustainably.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Water Stress Index and Yield Relationships for Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Crops Grown Under Different Drip and Flood Irrigated Treatments","authors":"Aditi Yadav,&nbsp;Hitesh Upreti,&nbsp;Gopal Das Singhal","doi":"10.1111/jac.12775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12775","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) is a widely used method for quantifying crop water status and predicting yield. However, its evaluation across different irrigation methods and its stage-specific response to crop yield is rarely evaluated. In this study, controlled field experiments were conducted on winter wheat using drip irrigation (DI) and flood irrigation (FI) during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 seasons in western Uttar Pradesh, India. The irrigation treatments included 50% MAD (maximum allowable depletion) (DI), 55% MAD (DI), 60% MAD (DI), 50% MAD (FI), local farmer's field replication (FI), rain-fed, and well-watered treatment (DI). The derived mean CWSI values for the irrigation treatments ranged from 0.03 to 0.66 in season 1 and 0.06 to 0.57 in season 2 across treatments. The seasonal mean CWSI for 50% MAD (DI) was 0.12 (season 1) and 0.11 (season 2), while 50% MAD (FI) yielded higher mean CWSI values of 0.29 (season 1) and 0.22 (season 2). The 50% MAD (DI) treatment produced the highest grain yield and water use efficiency in both seasons. A comprehensive analysis of stage-specific CWSI values and grain yields revealed that grain yield was more sensitive to post-heading CWSI as compared to pre-heading CWSI values. Among the growth stages, CWSI values during the flowering stage were the most critical for predicting wheat yield. The study recommends that the CWSI values in the flowering and post-heading stages are more relevant in predicting wheat yield accurately as compared to the pre-heading and seasonal mean CWSI.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated CO2 Concentration Enhances Drought Tolerance by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Carbon Assimilation in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)","authors":"Xiaoqin Zhang,&nbsp;Yuqian Duan,&nbsp;Qijun Xing,&nbsp;Ruonan Duan,&nbsp;Jie Shen,&nbsp;Yuzheng Zong,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xinrui Shi,&nbsp;Ping Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Hao","doi":"10.1111/jac.12778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12778","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated CO₂ concentration (<i>e</i>CO₂) can modulate the response of crop plants to drought stress (DS). This study aimed to investigate the response of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant activities, osmotic adjustment substance, phytohormone and signal transduction regulatory enzymes, as well as related genes in foxtail millet to DS (water stress for 10 days), ambient condition (<i>a</i>CO₂, 400 μmol mol⁻¹) and <i>e</i>CO₂ (600 μmol mol⁻¹). <i>e</i>CO₂ significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, maximum net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a content, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, but did not affect leaf instantaneous water-use efficiency under DS. <i>e</i>CO₂ also significantly enhanced the quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII), photosynthetic electron transport, and proportion of open PSII reaction centers under DS. Moreover, <i>e</i>CO₂ significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) content, proline content, and the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and calcium-dependent protein kinase under DS, leading to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde content. <i>e</i>CO₂ significantly increased the expressions of gene encoding ABA-, stress- and ripening-induced proteins and ABA-responsive element binding factor under DS. Our results clearly demonstrated the vital role of <i>e</i>CO₂ in mitigating the drought-induced damage over ambient CO₂ grown foxtail millet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Seedling Growth and Leaf Physiology Under High-Temperature Stress","authors":"Rania Baloch,&nbsp;Muhammad Farrukh Saleem,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Sarwar","doi":"10.1111/jac.12777","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12777","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice, a staple food crop for over half of the global population, is facing a serious threat of rising temperature due to climate change, especially in the areas producing Basmati rice. The main objectives of the study were to compare the promising cultivars of Basmati rice for heat stress tolerance and to assess how elevated temperature affects leaf physiological and morphological parameters of fine rice at seedling stage. A 2-year-controlled pot experiment was carried out to evaluate how different Basmati rice varieties respond to heat stress. The experiment was carried out at the Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during 2022 and 2023. The design of experiment was completely randomised design (CRD) with split treatment structure and four replications. Plant morphology, leaf temperature, chlorophyll contents, relative cell injury and relative water contents were evaluated for both experimental years. Heat stress significantly affected all morphological and physiological attributes such as chlorophyll contents, relative water contents and relative cell injury across different varieties. There was variation in the behaviour of different varieties under stress conditions as compared to no heat, but from the results it was very clear that Kisan Basmati and PK-1121 Aromatic constantly showed poor performance under both conditions for all the recorded parameters. However, in almost each parameter evaluated, Basmati-515, Super Basmati and NIAB-16 exhibited Superior thermo tolerance and better performance. On the basis of observed morphological and physiological attributes, Kisan and PK-1121 Aromatic Basmati were graded as sensitive varieties, while Basmati-515, Super Basmati and NIAB-16 showed tolerance to heat stress as compared to other varieties. However, further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to the sensitivity or tolerance observed in these varieties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}