Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Maize Responses to High Night Temperature During Postflowering and Early Grain Filling: Effects on Yield Components, Kernel Growth and Dry Matter Allocation","authors":"Belén Araceli Kettler,&nbsp;Constanza Soledad Carrera,&nbsp;Federico David Nalli Sonzogni,&nbsp;Fernando Héctor Andrade,&nbsp;Nicolás Neiff","doi":"10.1111/jac.12741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12741","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warm night frequency has increased steadily in the last years across maize production regions, but high night temperature (HNT) effects on growth, grain yield and maize dry matter allocation (DMA) to different plant organs remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to (i) analyse the DMA among reproductive and vegetative organs, (ii) evaluate the individual kernel weight through its determinants, rate and duration of grain filling and (iii) quantify changes in grain yield per plant and its components due to HNT during the postflowering and early grain-filling period. Field-grown maize was subjected to HNT induced by shelters during a 15- or 30-day period after silking, encompassing the postflowering period (HNT₁₅) and extending the heating into early grain filling (HNT₃₀), respectively. The HNT was applied from 1900 to 0700 h while control plots remained at ambient night temperature (ANT). Kernel number per plant was decreased under both temperature regimes (i.e., HNT₁₅ and HNT₃₀); however, significant reductions in grain yield were only observed under HNT₃₀. The DMA during the heating period was differentially affected by the duration of heating. While DMA to the stem was likewise reduced by both heating treatments, the partition to the uppermost ear was only reduced under HNT₃₀. Related to the lack of response to HNT treatments of the rate and duration of grain filling, the individual kernel weight was not reduced. The source-sink ratio was not affected by HNT, meanwhile, the apparent reserve use was significantly reduced under HNT₃₀. Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of HNT effects is subjected to the duration of the heating period, but also depends on the intensity of heating explored across seasons, especially for kernel number and grain yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Productivity and Biochemical Traits: A Comparison of Straw Mulch and Polythene Mulch Under Prolonged Salinity Stress","authors":"H. N. Meena,&nbsp;B. C. Ajay,&nbsp;K. K. Reddy,&nbsp;M. D. Meena,&nbsp;J. P. Mishra","doi":"10.1111/jac.12739","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalating population growth has spurred a demand for increased oilseed production, necessitating urgent attention. However, the expansion of saline-affected regions posed a significant obstacle to maintain peanut productivity in these areas. Thus, to tackle the productivity decline in saline-affected regions, we investigated whether substituting polythene mulch with straw mulch, as part of an agronomic management strategy, could mitigate the rapid decrease in peanut productivity. Three mulching methods (control, polythene mulch and straw mulch) were employed to cultivate the crop (cv. TG 37A) under salinity levels of 0.5, 2, 4 and 6 dS m⁻¹. As salinity levels increased, there was a notable decrease in germination percentage, growth, yield and biochemical characteristics, including pod and haulm yields were reported. Despite salinity reduced free amino acids and oil content, it exhibited significant increase in protein and sugar content. Saline irrigation water led to a reduction in pod yield, haulm yield and oil content by 24.67%, 23.84% and 5.07%, respectively, at a salinity level of 6.0 dS m⁻¹ compared to the control with 0.5 dS m⁻¹ salinity. Moreover, straw mulching resulted in a boost in pod yield, haulm yield and oil content by 30.09%, 4.83% and 1.75%, respectively, compared to the control. The reduction in pod yield and oil content under the interaction of mulching and salinity was 46.44% and 6.87% at M₀S₆, 21.42% and 4.44% at M₁S₆, and 7.55% and 3.87% at M₂S₆ compared to M₀S₀, M₁S₀ and M₂S₀, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and shelling percentage. Accordingly, it was concluded that the declining trend in all attributes under straw mulching at various salinity levels surpassed polythene mulching, ensuring superior peanut production under salinity stress conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicate Application Alleviated the Depressive Impacts of Nighttime Warming on the Rice Growth, Yield and Quality in Southern China","authors":"Yunsheng Lou,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Defeng Pan,&nbsp;Junhong Guo,&nbsp;Huilin Yang,&nbsp;Dongxue Zhou,&nbsp;Lixuan Ren","doi":"10.1111/jac.12742","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12742","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming. The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW). The open passive nighttime warming was used in this study, that is, rice canopy was covered with aluminium foil reflective film at night (19:00–6:00). Silicate fertiliser (steel slag) was applied at two levels, that is, Si₀ (0 kg SiO₂·hm⁻²) and Si₁ (200 kg SiO₂·hm⁻²). The results indicated that, compared with the control, the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period, respectively. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1% at the filling-maturity stage, respectively. Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root-shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain. Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain. This study suggests that silicate supply can effectively alleviate the suppressive effects of nighttime warming on single rice growth, yield and quality in Southern China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterlogging-Induced Changes in ABA, Carbohydrates and CBF6 Modify Freezing Tolerance in Prehardened Festuca pratensis","authors":"Barbara Jurczyk,&nbsp;Michał Dziurka,&nbsp;Franciszek Janowiak,&nbsp;Ewa Pociecha,&nbsp;Maciej Grzesiak,&nbsp;Marcin Rapacz","doi":"10.1111/jac.12740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in precipitation and snow melt during warmer winters can increase low-temperature waterlogging. Such conditions may bring about different effects when compared with a single stress trigger, such as low-temperature or water excess. The effects of waterlogging are clearly related to water temperature, and the consequences of water excess might be less severe, as more oxygen is dissolved in colder water. The effect of waterlogging during cold acclimation (CA) is poorly understood; most experiments concerning water excess are performed at relatively high-temperatures. In this study, we examined the effect of 3 weeks of waterlogging (approx. 2 cm above the soil level) on CA in <i>Festuca pratensis</i> Huds. (Fp), a cool-season grass. Measurements were taken before CA (after prehardening, before flooding) and after 3 weeks of CA in waterlogged (treated) and non-waterlogged (control) plants. The work included: (i) freezing tolerance test (regrowth after freezing), (ii) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) content in the leaf, (iii) leaf stomatal conductance, (iv) leaf water content, (v) carbohydrates analysis, including fructans, and (vi) transcript levels of selected genes involved in freezing tolerance, ABA signalling and fructan biosynthesis. The aim of the study was to test a hypothesis that low-temperature waterlogging in Fp enhances freezing tolerance (plant regrowth after freezing) related to increased ABA accumulation, increased C-repeat-binding transcription factor expression and/or increased carbohydrate accumulation, including fructans. Two out of four genotypes exhibited enhanced regrowth following freezing due to waterlogging relative to control. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a positive correlation between ABA levels and freezing tolerance in both treatments, with a more pronounced effect observed in the waterlogged plants. However, the phytohormone played different roles in these two treatments. In the context of low-temperature waterlogging, ABA may be involved in the dehydration tolerance response in genotypes suffering from physiological drought, as well as the induction of C-repeat-binding transcription factors (CBFs) and sucrose, which may improve freezing tolerance. The increased fructan amount and polymerisation degree due to waterlogging may provide a carbohydrate sink to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency, but are not directly responsible for freezing tolerance changes. The study indicates that tolerance mechanisms of Fp exposed to low-temperature waterlogging involve maintaining a high photosynthetic rate, as well as oxidative and dehydration stress tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Light at Specific Growth Stage Affects Photoassimilates Transportation, Seed Quality and Yield in Brassica napus L.","authors":"Hafiz Hassan Javed,&nbsp;Yue Hu,&nbsp;Ali Raza,&nbsp;Nadiyah M. Alabdallah,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahsan Asghar,&nbsp;Khurram Shehzad Khan,&nbsp;Xiao Peng,&nbsp;Abu Zar Ghafoor,&nbsp;Abd Ullah,&nbsp;Yong-Cheng Wu","doi":"10.1111/jac.12735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In many parts of the world, solar radiation has decreased during the past 50 years due to industrialisation-induced elevations in air aerosols which has negatively impacted crop productivity. Climate change threatens rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) production due to shade stress caused by reduced light radiation. However, studies on how shade affects photosynthetic mechanisms in rapeseed (leaves and pod wall) are not well documented. Understanding the mechanisms of shade on yield formation in rapeseed is important for breeding shade-tolerant rapeseed varieties and optimising agricultural management practices in low-light areas. Therefore, this study assesses the impacts of ‘global dimming’ simulated by shading at a specific period on rapeseed's photosynthetic behaviour, yield and seed quality. A two-factor split-plot design was arranged with three shading treatments (CK, FS and PS) and two hybrid genotypes (Chuannong and Zhongyouza) of rapeseed. We observed that shading at the flowering stage (FS) significantly inhibited the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activities of both genotypes. Besides that, shading at pod development stage (PS) substantially declined the pod photosynthetic characteristics and transportation of carbohydrates towards economic organ (seeds) which directly decreased the yield of rapeseed. We found that PS treatment remarkably declined the oil content of both genotypes. According to the results, the photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed pod wall had a greater impact on yield and seed quality than leaves. Therefore, improving the photosynthetic capacity and material transport efficiency of the pod wall is a potential measure to increase the yield of rapeseed under shade stress. This study provides a new insight into the effects of shade on rapeseed production and provides a valuable reference for rapeseed breeding techniques to develop high-yielding genotypes by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of rapeseed pod wall in low-light conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Generational Effect of Water Deficit Priming on Physiology of Peanut Plants Under Water Stress","authors":"Aline de Camargo Santos,&nbsp;Bruce Schaffer,&nbsp;Diane Rowland,&nbsp;Matthew Bremgartner,&nbsp;Pamela Moon,&nbsp;Barry Tillman,&nbsp;Edivan Rodrigues de Souza,&nbsp;Elias Bassil","doi":"10.1111/jac.12736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water deficit priming through regulated deficit irrigation has been shown to be beneficial for peanut cultivation, leading to improved water-use efficiency during the crop cycle and enhanced stress acclimation. The effects of priming using water deficit can be heritable, but little is known about stress priming effects on the physiology and growth of successive generations undergoing water stress. Two experiments were conducted to assess cross-generational priming by determining physiological and growth responses of offspring of primed and non-primed peanut plants of two genotypes, COC-041 and New Mexico Valencia C (NMV-C), both previously found to be strongly responsive to priming. Seeds were collected from parental plants subjected to mild water stress by regulated deficit irrigation (primed) or adequate irrigation (non-primed). These seeds were then planted, and the offspring were monitored for physiological and growth responses to water stress, including on a whole-plant basis using a high-throughput physiological phenotyping platform and on individual leaves by periodic single-leaf measurements. Measurements included whole-plant transpiration (plant-<i>Tr</i>), root water uptake, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance and net CO₂ assimilation (leaf-<i>Tr</i>, leaf-<i>g</i>_<i>s</i>, and leaf-<i>A</i>), leaf water and osmotic potential (leaf-<i>Ψ</i>_<i>w</i> and leaf-<i>Ψ</i>_<i>o</i>), leaf osmotic adjustment, leaf relative water content (leaf-<i>RWC</i>) and cumulative plant-<i>Tr</i>. Offspring of both genotypes from primed parent plants had faster early establishment, with more uniform germination, and more rapid initial seedling growth compared to offspring from non-primed parent plants. Although offspring of both non-primed and primed plants of both genotypes exhibited a significant reduction of plant-<i>Tr</i>, gas exchange, leaf-<i>Ψ</i>_<i>w</i>, leaf-<i>Ψ</i>_<i>o</i>, and leaf-<i>RWC</i> when exposed to water stress, offspring of primed plants showed increased water use efficiency through reduced leaf-<i>g</i>_<i>s</i>, leaf-<i>Tr</i> and plant-<i>Tr</i> while maintaining leaf-<i>A</i> under water stress. Despite offspring of both primed and non-primed plants being susceptible to severe water stress, offspring of primed plants exhibited overall enhanced water use efficiency, leading to greater dry biomass production per gram of transpired water and a trend of less growth reduction due to water stress compared to offspring of non-primed plants, especially for the genotype COC-041. This study shows the potential of water deficit priming to promote cross-generational changes in physiological function under limited water availability, by enhancing crop stress acclimation in the next plant generation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying High-Yielding and Drought-Tolerant Wheat Cultivars Based on Ideotypic Traits and Yield Responses to Stress","authors":"Yibo Li,&nbsp;Fulu Tao,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Hao,&nbsp;Yonggui Xiao,&nbsp;Zhonghu He,&nbsp;Matthew Reynolds","doi":"10.1111/jac.12738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12738","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought is one of the most adverse factors affecting plant growth and productivity. Identifying elite genotypes and their ideotypic traits conferring high yield potential and drought tolerance is critical in selecting and breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, we conducted field experiments at the Xinxiang Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental station in the North China Plain from 2018 to 2020 and assessed 209 wheat cultivars released since the 1940s under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Then, we selected drought-tolerant cultivars by classifying them into four groups based on yield response to drought stress and several drought indices. Finally, the key ideotypic traits associated with high yield potential and drought tolerance were identified. Results indicated that the grain yield of the 209 cultivars decreased on average by 10.4% and 9.4% under nonirrigated treatment in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively, relative to full irrigation. The high-yielding cultivars under both irrigation treatments are characterised by a compact plant type, larger thousand-grain weight, larger chlorophyll content, higher leaf photosynthesis, shorter plant height and stay-green traits. The stomatal and nonstomatal limitations are strongly associated with genotype yield performance, elucidating a potential mechanism underlying drought tolerance. Drought tolerance and yield stability of wheat cultivars have been improved through breeding over the past 70 years. Our findings enhance understanding of drought tolerance and identify genotypes and traits beneficial for breeding high-yielding and drought-tolerant cultivars.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Soil Moisture Depletion on Various Yield Components and Water Usage to Trigger Pods in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Desi Genotypes","authors":"Muhammad Naveed,&nbsp;Urmil Bansal,&nbsp;Brent Norman Kaiser","doi":"10.1111/jac.12734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12734","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chickpeas are well adapted to rainfed conditions, but a lack of moisture during the reproductive phase can result in lower pod setting and ultimately reduced grain yield. The exact reasons for this reduction are not fully understood, partly because of the lack of information on soil moisture content (SMC) and water use during podding. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the impact of gradual drought on various yield components of desi-type genotypes using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) method. Two water treatments were applied at the start of anthesis: well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS). The WW was maintained at 24% SMC, whereas the DS was dried to 3% SMC. The results showed that DS caused early podding (3.3 days less), with reductions in plant height (11.4 cm), leaf area (1249.5 cm²), flowers (18.6), pods (27.4), seeds (37.0), grain yield (0.2 g), aboveground dry biomass (11.4 g) and harvest index (0.2 g), while increasing flower abortion (14.6) and seed biomass (1.5 g). However, diverse genotypic responses were observed to treatments, as well as water usage, FTSW and SMC that triggered pods which ranged from 1.12 to 1.89 L, 0.05 to 0.43 and 4.0% to 12.2%, respectively. A positive association between days taken and the amount of water used to terminate pods indicated that quicker-triggering genotypes, such as Rupali and Genesis 836, consumed less water to develop pods than Flipper, ICCV_06109 and PBA Slasher did. Conversely, the negative association between the amount of water used and the number of pods triggered, seeds and grain yield explained the superior performance of Rupali and Genesis 836. These genotypes extracted less water (FTSW = 0.36 and 0.43; SMC = 10.3% and 12.2%, respectively) to develop pods and maintained favourable photosynthesis at lower transpiration rates for longer periods, allowing them to use residual moisture more efficiently. Our research offers crucial insights that can be beneficial to breeders and physiologists, paving the way for future studies aimed at developing drought-tolerant genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.12734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Stomates and Xylem Vessels Associated With Freeze Tolerance in Winter Barley","authors":"Xi Liang,&nbsp;Gongshe Hu,&nbsp;Lisa McDougall,&nbsp;Jason Werth,&nbsp;Rui Yang,&nbsp;Jingya Yang,&nbsp;Chris Evans,&nbsp;Kathy Satterfield","doi":"10.1111/jac.12737","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Freeze tolerance is a complex agronomic trait that is difficult to evaluate in the field because of year-to-year variation in weather. Discovering plant characteristics closely related to freeze tolerance would enable more effective selection for this important trait. To explore possible physiological mechanisms and search for useful characteristics related to freeze tolerance in winter barley, we conducted field and growth chamber experiments with seven freeze-tolerant and seven freeze-susceptible genotypes that exhibited contrasting winter survival in preliminary field screenings. In a 2-year field experiment, malondialdehyde, proline and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations were measured during cold acclimation and deacclimation to investigate differences in osmoregulation and membrane stability between freeze-tolerant and freeze-sensitive genotypes. All parameters varied by sampling year, and significant differences between freeze tolerance groups were found mainly during cold deacclimation in the spring. In growth chamber experiments, the size of xylem vessels and stomates was measured with and without cold acclimation. Freeze-tolerant genotypes had smaller xylem vessels and stomates than freeze-sensitive genotypes with and without cold acclimation, and small stomatal length was associated with a small xylem vessel area. Thus, it may be possible to improve freeze tolerance in winter barley by selecting smaller xylem and stomate cells. This study also validated germplasms of winter barley with differential freeze tolerance for future projects on breeding for improving winter hardiness and on plant physiology and genetics in response to freezing stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad Scope of Site-Specific Crop Management and Specific Role of Remote Sensing Technologies Within It—A Review","authors":"Abid Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Hassan,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Kaul","doi":"10.1111/jac.12732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precision agriculture (PA) has great potential to increase agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing input costs and environmental impacts. Within PA, site-specific crop management (SSCM) is considered the main premise, in which tillage operations and precise crop inputs (such as seed, fertiliser, water, pesticide and agrochemical) are applied according to field variability. The main aim of this review was to highlight the methods and tools used for spatial crop monitoring, soil and weather data influencing crop productivity and to support the adoption of SSCM technology. To achieve this goal: we discussed the main five components of SSCM, methods for monitoring crop and soil data, delineating field management zones (FMZs) and variable rate technologies (VRT) such as precision planting and digital smart sensors used for SSCM application. The review summarised that recent advances in plant and soil sensing systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning should be used in retrieving and analysing GIS big data for optimised crop inputs supply. Within VRT, light-bar systems, automatic controllers and sensors are user-friendly technologies that should be employed in SSCM solution. The authors highlight that adoption of PA can be increased through proper training and education of the farmers, and developing simple, affordable and efficient PA technologies. The review suggests five criteria that should be strictly adopted to get maximum benefits from SSCM: (i) all factors influencing crop yields can be identified; (ii) their effects on crop yields can be determined by using appropriate digital tools and crop modelling; (iii) variable rate crop inputs (VRCIs) should be calculated based on accurate information obtained from plant, soil and environment; (iv) targeted crop inputs should be exercised through global positioning system (GPS) enabled automatic controllers or wireless sensors network (WSN); and (v) right doses of crop inputs (e.g., nitrogen and irrigation) must be applied at the right time and place.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.12732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}