Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Anaerobic and Antioxidant Activity in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Following Ice Encasement Stress","authors":"Devendra Prasad Chalise,&nbsp;Emily Merewitz","doi":"10.1111/jac.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ice encasement of annual bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i>) putting greens can result in hypoxic or anoxic conditions. Organ-specific and direct physiological evidence on the role of anaerobic metabolism and stress responses in annual bluegrass is needed to justify the importance of costly management strategies to reduce hypoxia. A two-year controlled environment study (2022/2023–2023/2024) was conducted in East Lansing, Michigan, to investigate the impact of different durations of ice encasement stress (0, 40 and 60 days) on select reactive oxygen species (ROS), anaerobic metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activity and anaerobic enzyme activity in annual bluegrass. Ice encasement stress significantly influenced anaerobic metabolism and antioxidant responses in annual bluegrass. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), increased with prolonged ice encasement, with O₂⁻ increasing 3.43-fold and H₂O₂ increasing 3.42-fold after 60 days of ice encasement. Antioxidant enzyme activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were upregulated in response to stress caused by prolonged ice encasement. Additionally, anaerobic respiration byproducts increased, with ethanol increasing 12.80-fold, acetaldehyde 4.11-fold and lactic acid 1.41-fold after 60 days of ice encasement. Key metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), also increased with ice encasement duration. Ice encasement had no significant effect on pigment content or fatty acid composition, though organ-specific differences were observed, with roots having higher saturated fatty acids and leaves showing greater unsaturation. Therefore, we conclude that prolonged ice encasement induces anaerobic metabolism and oxidative stress in annual bluegrass, with limited antioxidant activity in crown and root tissues contributing to winterkill susceptibility. Future research should focus on determining ethanol and gas accumulation thresholds, as well as exploring management strategies to enhance antioxidant defences and mitigate hypoxic stress during overwintering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling Compositional Changes in Field Pea Leaf Cuticles Under Heat Stress Using Synchrotron-Based Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Yunfei Jiang,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali,&nbsp;Rosalind Bueckert,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar,&nbsp;Chithra Karunakaran","doi":"10.1111/jac.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant leaf cuticle, a heterogeneous and lipophilic membrane, is an interface between the plant and its aerial environment and protects plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. This study used synchrotron-based Fourier transform mid infrared (sFTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate the effect of heat stress on the compositional changes of leaf cuticles in field pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>). The results showed that oxidative stress was associated with heat stress. A new peak at 1721 cm⁻¹ was observed in the heat-stressed leaf cuticles, and it was not found in the control leaf samples; this peak arises from the carbonyl stretching (C=O) from the aldehyde of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) which is an adduct of the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. Heat stress reduced the amounts of phenolic compounds in leaf cuticles, indicated by the reduction of the integrated band area in the region of 1650–1500 cm⁻¹. Substantial spectral variations between the control and heat-stressed leaf cuticles were revealed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The spectral information showed the compositional changes in waxes, cutin, cutan, phenolic compounds and polysaccharides may be due to heat stress. This study provides important information for rapid understanding of the compositional changes of leaf cuticles under environmental stresses and may significantly contribute to routine screening for resistant pea genotypes to heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Specific Crop Coefficients for Cotton in Central India: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"K. K. Dakhore,&nbsp;Y. E. Kadam,&nbsp;D. R. Kadam,&nbsp;A. S. Jadhav,&nbsp;K. Ghosh,&nbsp;Santanu Kumar Bal,&nbsp;S. S. Dhawase,&nbsp;H. Dkhar,&nbsp;S. S. Gujarkar,&nbsp;R. B. Mane,&nbsp;B. S. Bhalerao,&nbsp;Nitesh Awasthi","doi":"10.1111/jac.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimation of water requirement for specific climatic conditions is a challenging but inevitable need for saving unnecessary water losses, and it becomes irrepressible in semi-arid regions. Development of crop coefficient (Kc), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ET_O), can enhance ETc estimates in relation to specific crop phenological stages. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) in the Marathwada region (Central India). The FAO Penman-Monteith equation was used to calculate ETo using data of meteorological variables from a nearby standard Meteorological Observatory, while ETc was measured using a weighing lysimeter installed near the centre of a cotton field seeded with cotton, as in the rest of the surrounding field. The average daily ETc of cotton over the complete growing season was figured out as 3.8, 4.0, and 3.7 mm day⁻¹ in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. The values ranged from 1.26 to 7.32 mm day⁻¹ in 2019, 1.7 to 8.8 mm day⁻¹ in 2020 and 1.3 to 7.3 mm day⁻¹ in 2021. For early, mid-season, and end-of-season phases of cotton, respectively, stage-specific K_c values averaged over 3 years were 0.51, 1.24 and 0.95. The computed Kc values differed significantly from the reported FAO-56 values. This result can be useful for agricultural planning and efficient irrigation management and provides precise water applications for cotton cultivation in semi-arid areas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Effect of Severe Salt Stress on Respiratory and Biochemical Parameters in Legumes With Differential Nodulation Form”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jac.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ortiz, J., C. Sanhueza, P. Yaupi, F. Plaza, C. Castro, M. Paniagua-López, T. C. de la Peña, M. López-Gómez, L. Bascuñán-Godoy, and N. F. Del-Saz. 2025. “Effect of Severe Salt Stress on Respiratory and Biochemical Parameters in Legumes With Differential Nodulation Form.” Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 211: e70024. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70024.</p><p>The below open-access funding has been added to the Funding section.</p><p>Funding for open-access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials for Wheat Stress Tolerance: Trade-Off on Underlying Mechanisms and Latest Breakthroughs Under Changing Climate","authors":"Taranjeet Kaur,&nbsp;Amit Tiwari,&nbsp;Manas Mathur,&nbsp;Nisha Sharma,&nbsp;Subbulakshmi Ganesan,&nbsp;Yogesh K. Ahlawat,&nbsp;Anurag Malik,&nbsp;Himani Punia,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Jayabalan,&nbsp;Gaurav Kumar,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar,&nbsp;Deepika Gakhar","doi":"10.1111/jac.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abiotic and biotic stress is a staid confront for nourishing global agriculture yields and food supply. Nanoparticles (NPs) are thought to be a key tool for raising agricultural yields in present drastic environmental variations. NPs' application improves amalgamation of the hormones, osmoprotectants, bioactive compounds, free radical scavenging efficacy and expression of genes, thus assisting plants to effectively defend themselves under various stresses. Nanoproducts such as nanopesticides, nanocarriers and nanosensors hold considerable potential for smart and sustained delivery of agrochemicals, genetic material and rapid disease detection, in addition to dynamic and precise crop water monitoring. NPs manifest pesticidal and insecticidal properties by altering the porosity of cell membranes, denaturing nucleic acid, arresting the cell cycle and generating oxidative stress. Furthermore, NPs strengthen plant resistance to stresses by boosting water and mineral uptake, improving ROS-scavenging enzymes, improving the photosynthetic rate and gas exchange parameters. Plants use intricate processes to organise absorption and mobilise NPs. However, there is keen urgency for the incorporation and use of multiomics in plants to get mechanistic insights at molecular levels to comprehend the signalling pathways initiated in response to NPs and for understanding phytotoxicity. In conclusion, this study not only emphasises the relevance of nanoenabled techniques in enhancing wheat health, but it also demonstrates their potential to address global food security issues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Japonica Rice Yield Under Elevated CO2: Addressing Limitations and Strategies","authors":"Weilu Wang,&nbsp;Xiaowu Yan,&nbsp;Yu Wei,&nbsp;Dongling Ji,&nbsp;Weiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Lijun Liu,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated CO₂ enhances photosynthesis and yield in rice, with <i>indica</i> rice generally displaying a stronger yield response than <i>japonica</i>. However, uncertainty remains about the key yield components driving this difference, which limits breeding strategies for enhancing japonica rice yield. To identify critical factors in yield responses to elevated CO₂ and to explore potential improvements in <i>japonica</i> rice yield, we conducted a meta-analysis of FACE (Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) data from China and Japan to examine yield component contributions. Additionally, we investigated whether rice lines with enlarged root systems could enhance yield response to elevated CO₂ (+200 μmol mol⁻¹). Our results indicated that, under elevated CO₂, Chinese <i>indica</i> rice genotypes achieved a substantial grain yield increase, averaging around 31.1%. On the other hand, the Chinese and Japanese <i>japonica</i> along with the Japanese <i>indica</i> demonstrated more moderate increases, measuring about 10.3%, 13.7% and 12.5%, respectively. Among yield components, spikelets per panicle (SPP), often a lagging indicator, was identified as a crucial factor in further increasing yield potential. <i>OsERF3</i>-overexpressing rice lines not only expanded root growth but also stimulated root vigour under elevated CO₂ conditions. These enlarged-root lines demonstrated improved nutrient uptake, nitrogen-content stability, increased photosynthesis rates and greater grain weight, effectively avoiding the SPP reductions typically seen in Chinese <i>japonica</i> under elevated CO₂. As a result, these lines achieved a 38.6% yield increase under elevated CO₂, outperforming wild-type <i>japonica</i> responses. These findings suggest that enlarged-root rice lines could be a promising breeding platform for enhancing rice production and developing climate-resilient rice cultivars.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Approaches for Enhancing High-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Md. Atik Mas-ud,&nbsp;Md. Shoffikul Islam,&nbsp;Sadiya Arefin Juthee,&nbsp;Mohammad Nurul Matin,&nbsp;Md. Hosenuzzaman","doi":"10.1111/jac.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High-temperature stress (HTS) is a primary concern for global food security in the changing climate. Indeed, rice is a major food crop worldwide, and HTS commonly affects rice productivity and quality. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying heat tolerance and developing HTS-tolerant rice varieties is crucial. HTS significantly impairs rice growth, development, quality and yield. Here, we critically reviewed the effects of HTS on rice growth and development, including environmental interactions, and explained the molecular mechanisms of sensing, signalling and protein homeostasis under HTS. We also outlined molecular adaptation approaches, including QTL mapping, marker-assisted breeding, genome editing, climate resilience approaches and cutting-edge phenotyping technologies for developing HTS-tolerant transgenic rice. This review proposed strategies to increase rice resistance to HTS, offering fresh concepts and perspectives for further research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Superior and Inferior Grains Weight Reduction Under Spring Low-Temperature Stress","authors":"Xiang Chen,&nbsp;Ying Weng,&nbsp;Zhiwei Tang,&nbsp;Min Yu,&nbsp;Pengna Wang,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Hongmei Cai,&nbsp;Baoqiang Zheng,&nbsp;Jincai Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global climate change has resulted in an increase in frequency and intensity of low-temperature events, which severely affect wheat growth and yield. In the Huang-Huai wheat growing area of China, spring low-temperature stress (SLTS) at the jointing-booting stage results in significant yield losses of wheat. In this study, the effects of SLTS on caryopsis development, starch synthesis and grain filling of superior and inferior grains were examined in the wheat cultivars ‘Yannong 19’ (YN19, cold tolerant) and ‘Xinmai 26’ (XM26, cold sensitive) for two consecutive growing seasons (2021/22 and 2022/23). Treatment with 2°C and −2°C was performed in the anther differentiation period, and the control group were treated with 10°C. The grain external morphology and endosperm cell microstructure were observed, sucrose-starch enzyme activities and starch content were measured in superior and inferior grains, a logistic equation for grain filling was fitted, and a structural equation model was constructed. SLTS resulted in slow proliferation of endosperm cells in superior and inferior grains, and limited growth in grain length, width and height. The YN19 and XM26 superior grain volume were reduced by 3.96%–12.65% and 14.92%–28.27%, respectively, and that of inferior grains decreased by 6.72%–23.99% and 13.61%–30.75%, respectively. During grain filling, SLTS decreased the sucrose content, and sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activities in grains, resulting in decreased starch accumulation, reduced average and maximum grain-filling rates and ultimately decreased grain weight. The actual 1000-grain weight of YN19 and XM26 superior grains decreased by 5.38%–14.97% and 3.98%–20.41%, respectively, and that of inferior grains decreased by 6.02%–12.40% and 9.61%–15.20%, respectively. Thus, inferior grains are more sensitive to SLTS compared with superior grains. The research results provide an important theoretical basis for understanding and addressing the effect of SLTS on wheat yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Drought Occurrence in Rain-Fed Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Used the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEIw) With Crop Coefficients in Arid Northwest China","authors":"Wenyu Wang,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought is a significant meteorological disaster that affects winter wheat production in the arid region of northwest China. In order to understand the mechanisms and factors associated with rain-fed winter wheat drought in the arid region of northwest China, the monthly meteorological data from 1987 to 2016 was employed to analyse the characteristics of both meteorological drought and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (<i>SPEI</i>_w) incorporating crop coefficients, respectively. In addition, we calculated the propagation time and probability of winter wheat drought caused by meteorological drought in different growth stages. The main factors that influenced different types of winter wheat drought were also clarified. The main results were as follows: The frequency, duration, severity and areas affected were greater for rain-fed winter wheat drought than meteorological drought in each growing stage. The propagation time from meteorological drought to rain-fed winter wheat drought was 1 month in the initial, developmental and late stages, and 2 months in the middle stage. The probability of propagating from meteorological drought to rain-fed winter wheat drought was higher when the degree of meteorological drought was higher, and winter wheat drought was more likely to be severe. When the degree of drought was greater in rain-fed winter wheat during different growing stages, a smaller <i>SPI</i> threshold was required to trigger it. Rain-fed winter wheat drought induced by non-meteorological drought was influenced mainly by the relative humidity, net surface radiation and sunshine hours on a short time scale (1 month), whereas winter wheat drought induced by meteorological drought was mainly affected by various meteorological factors over a longer time scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Triticum araraticum Jakubz. and Modern Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars","authors":"Sumitra Pantha,&nbsp;Benjamin Kilian,&nbsp;Hakan Özkan,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq,&nbsp;Frederike Zeibig,&nbsp;Michael Frei","doi":"10.1111/jac.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wild wheat relatives are promising sources of drought tolerance that demonstrate adaptive mechanisms not found in modern wheat cultivars. This study investigated and compared the drought tolerance mechanisms in <i>Triticum araraticum</i> genotypes, a relatively unexplored species, with those of modern <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cultivars. Osmotic regulation, antioxidants, and gas exchange traits were evaluated under well-watered and drought treatments. Overall, high-yielding bread wheat cultivars exhibited a higher photosynthetic rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, and greater antioxidant activity, with a few exceptions compared with <i>T. araraticum</i> under the well-watered treatment. Drought stress significantly reduced stomatal conductance, internal CO₂ concentration and photosystem II efficiency. It induced a significant increase in the content of proline, total soluble sugars and most enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, except for ascorbate peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase, which remained unresponsive. <i>T. araraticum</i> genotypes demonstrated a more pronounced drought response with distinct antioxidant tolerance mechanisms compared with modern <i>T. aestivum</i> cultivars. Specifically, in <i>T. araraticum</i>, the increase in the redox state of glutathione, driven by enhanced glutathione reductase activity, was higher than that of ascorbate under drought stress. By contrast, <i>T. aestivum</i> maintained increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase and enhanced ascorbate redox state through dehydroascorbate reductase. This study provides valuable insights into the unique antioxidant and osmotic regulator of <i>T. araraticum</i> that differ from those of modern bread wheat cultivars. Its findings can inform future wheat improvement programs aimed at developing climate-resilient wheat cultivars for sustainable agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}