Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Performance Assessment of F2:3 Testcrosses of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Physiological Traits Vis‐a‐Vis Grain Yield Under Heat Stress and Drought Conditions","authors":"H. Basavarajeshwari, P. H. Kuchanur, P. H. Zaidi, M. T. Vinayan, Ayyanagouda Patil, R. P. Patil, J. M. Nidagundi, B. Arunkumar","doi":"10.1111/jac.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70027","url":null,"abstract":"Heat and drought stresses negatively affect maize grain yields. Identification and deployment of high‐yielding and stress‐tolerant maize hybrids adapted to stress‐prone agro‐ecologies is important for improving smallholding farmers' food security and livelihoods. The adaptation level among maize genotypes under heat and drought stresses is strongly affected by morphological and physiological aspects. The physiological traits, Normalised Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values, and morphological trait, leaf rolling, can be used as important secondary traits for the identification of the stress‐tolerant genotypes, in addition to grain yield. In this view, the present study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayangudi, and the Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur, under heat stress (Summer‐2020 &amp; 2021) and drought (<jats:italic>Rabi</jats:italic>‐2021‐22) conditions. NDVI values ranged from 0.23–0.44 in bi‐parental population 1 (BIP1) and 0.25–0.57 in bi‐parental population 2 (BIP2) under drought conditions. The range of SPAD values was less under drought conditions, as 9.2–22.3 in BIP1 and 10.6–24.8 in BIP2, compared to heat stress, as it ranged from 12.0–24.7 in BIP1 to 14.1–31.4 in BIP2. It may be due to a decrease in mean chlorophyll content values under drought stress conditions. The entry ZH201138 showed delayed leaf rolling and recorded a lower leaf rolling score of 2, registering a higher grain yield of 1.81 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> under drought stress condition. SPAD values registered a significant positive correlation with yield under heat stress (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.77 and 0.68) and under drought stress condition (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.49 and 0.83). NDVI showed a significant positive correlation with the grain yield (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.63 and 0.63) under drought stress condition. Leaf rolling was negatively correlated with the grain yield. Therefore, it was concluded that NDVI and SPAD could be used as secondary traits to identify genotypes tolerant to both heat and drought stress, while the entries that showed delayed leaf rolling could be considered tolerant to drought stress.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Severe Salt Stress on Respiratory and Biochemical Parameters in Legumes With Differential Nodulation Form","authors":"José Ortiz, Carolina Sanhueza, Pablo Yaupi, Fabián Plaza, Catalina Castro, Mario Paniagua‐López, Teodoro Coba de la Peña, Miguel López‐Gómez, Luisa Bascuñán‐Godoy, Néstor Fernández Del‐Saz","doi":"10.1111/jac.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70024","url":null,"abstract":"Legumes are among the most utilised agronomic plant species due to their symbiotic association with N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐fixing bacteria. Since N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fixation entails high ATP cost, salt stress disrupts N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fixation in the symbiont, but increases the production of osmolytes and antioxidant systems in the host plant. This results in competition for C allocation between osmoprotection in the host and continued supply to the symbiont for N acquisition, which may result in different plant responses to salinity. Two‐nodule types of plant species with contrasting carbon requirements for organic N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fixation can be found within legume species; determinate and indeterminate. In this study, we tested responses of respiratory carbon metabolism, nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant machinery in leaves and roots of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> (determinate nodules) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pisum sativum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> (indeterminate nodules) 24 and 72 h after salt treatment (300 mM of NaCl). In <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P. sativum</jats:styled-content>,</jats:italic> we observed that nitrogenase activity was maintained at 24 h, but showed a strong decrease at 72 h together with cytochrome activity. On contrast, in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P. vulgaris</jats:styled-content>,</jats:italic> respiration rates were maintained by an enhanced antioxidant activity under salinity although at the expense of nodule metabolism. Despite of the severity of the salt stress for N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fixation, both species showed similar mechanisms to cope with salinity, like the maintenance of alternative respiration and increased antioxidant defence, that are worthy to be tested in the long term under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Stress Indices as Indicators of Silage Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Productivity Under Drought Conditions","authors":"Mualla Keten Gokkus, Cagatay Tanriverdi, Hasan Degirmenci","doi":"10.1111/jac.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70025","url":null,"abstract":"Silage soybeans subjected to water stress show symptoms as if it had been subjected to drought stress due to lack of rainfall. Understanding how water stress impacts crop yield is crucial for developing effective irrigation strategies in drought‐inclined areas. This study investigates the relationship between silage soybean forage yield and water stress indices, specifically the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) and the Water Deficit Index (WDI). In addition, water‐yield relations were also determined. The study was carried out in a randomised complete block design with four irrigation levels (S100, S75, S50, S25), three replications, and a period of 2 years. At the end of the study, crop evapotranspiration (ET), irrigation (I), water use efficiency (WUE) and forage yield decreased as irrigation water levels were reduced from S100 to S25. ET was found to be between 501 and 755 mm, WUE was found to be between 2.61 and 3.58 kg m<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>, irrigation water use efficiency was found to be between 2.53 and 2.97 kg m<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>, forage yield was found to be between 15.4 and 26.2 t ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, WDI varied between 0.16 and 0.5, and CWSI ranged between 0.34 and 0.90. The results revealed that silage soybean should be irrigated when the average CWSI value is nearly 0.36 and the average WDI value is nearly 0.26 for high yield. The rate of decrease in forage yield from S100 to S25 was compared with the rate of increase in WDI and CWSI. In the first year of the study, there was a 45% decrease in forage yield between S100 and S25, while CWSI increased by 65%. However, this situation was 40% in WDI. In the second year of the study, there was a 38% decrease in forage yield from S100 to S25, while CWSI increased by 33% and WDI increased by 26%. The relationship between forage yield and stress indices is inversely proportional. The fact that the values in CWSI were proportionally higher than WDI suggested that the calculations were made without taking into account the soil temperatures during the measurement. Water stress indices were correlated with forage yield and regression analysis was performed. Although relations of forage yield and water stress indices showed slightly higher correlations with WDI, this could not strongly suggest that WDI was more accurate than CWSI. In order to obtain clearer results in the comparison studies of water stress indices, it is recommended to carry out studies with different varieties for more than 2 years.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Stress Response Mechanisms and Resilience Strategies in Wheat","authors":"Anab Khanzada, Keshuang Yan, Wenhao Hu, Maguje Malko, Khalid Ali Khan, Yinguang Bao, Noureddine Elboughdiri, Yan Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70023","url":null,"abstract":"Heat stress is a significant climatic hazard, intensified by rising global temperatures and frequent heatwaves, hindering wheat production. Heat stress damage wheat maturity resulting in morphophysiological changes, biochemical disturbances and a decline in genetic potential. Understanding the morpho–physio–biochemical responses of wheat to heat stress is essential for identifying tolerance mechanisms and developing effective strategies to protect wheat under changing climatic conditions. Plants have evolved various mechanisms to cope with heat stress, which include alterations in their morphological and growth responses, as well as adjustments in physiological and biochemical pathways, alongside modifications in enzymatic activities. Recent advancements in conventional, molecular breeding and transgenic methods have facilitated the development of heat‐tolerant wheat cultivars exhibiting adaptive responses to heat stress whilst maintaining quality and productivity. This review illuminated the morpho‐physiological, biochemical and molecular impacts of heat stress, the mechanisms of tolerance and adaptation strategies in wheat. Besides, we aimed to explore the integration of innovative use of heat priming and the application of smoke water treatment for stress mitigation, thus providing the basis for identifying and promoting effective management practices to mitigate the effects of heat stress in wheat.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24‐Epibrassinolide Improves Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tolerance to Alkaline Salt Stress by Regulating Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthetic Properties","authors":"Yong Wang, Ruyan Zhang, Xingxing Wang, Shujuan Jiao, Weina Zhang, Yichen Kang, Ming Li, Jiali Xie, Xinyu Yang, Yuhui Liu, Shuhao Qin","doi":"10.1111/jac.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70022","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline salt stress, as a more diverse stress, severely affects the growth and development of potato (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Solanum tuberosum</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> L.) and leads to yield reduction. Brassinosteroids have been shown to regulate plant growth and play an essential role under environmental stress. However, the physiological responses by which brassinosteroids confer alkaline salt stress tolerance in potato remain unclear. We used potato ‘<jats:italic>Atlantic</jats:italic>’ as experimental material. The effects of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR) on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of potato under alkaline salt stress (300 mmol·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> NaHCO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) were studied. The results showed that exogenous EBR increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, increased the content of osmoregulatory substances and decreased the production of peroxidation products in potato leaves under alkaline salt stress. EBR treatment improved the photosynthetic characteristics by accumulating more photosynthetic pigments. This was manifested by an increase in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and a decrease in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. In addition, exogenous EBR increased the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry and the effective PSII quantum yield of potato PSII under alkaline salt stress and ultimately increased yield. Potato tuber yield was significantly increased by 27.31% and 29.17% in T4 treatment compared to T1 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses further demonstrated the beneficial effects of exogenous EBR on physiology, photosynthetic characteristics and potato yield under alkaline salt stress. In conclusion, exogenous EBR can enhance the tolerance of potato to alkaline salt stress by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Mulch Can Improve the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize (Zea mays L.) Planted in Furrow‐Ridge Rainwater Harvesting Systems","authors":"Guangxu Guo, Yuren Tang, Zinan Yan, Juanjuan Zhang, Yuehe Zhang, Yuqing Zhang, Junbo Cao, Xu Sun, Wei Song, Muhammad Shoaib Asad, Weili Sun, Tie Cai, Xining Zhao, Enke Liu, Xiaolong Ren","doi":"10.1111/jac.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70003","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent occurrence of drought is an important factor restricting economic as well as sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, to address the issue of seasonal drought during summer in dry semi‐humid areas of Guanzhong Plain, a biodegradable liquid film is used to replace the plastic film for ridge–furrow rainwater harvesting in summer maize cultivation. The experiment was conducted for 2 years (2022–2023), including seven treatments, such as three ridge–furrow ratios with two different mulching materials, while flat planting is a control treatment. The results showed that ridge covering with liquid film (RFL) enhances leaf area and dry matter accumulation as well as improves soil moisture and temperature during the early growth stages of maize. However, the average dry matter accumulation of RFL at maturity stage increased by 6.92% as compared to control (CK). Additionally, the average leaf area of RFL enhanced by 4.52% and 9.06% in contrast to no mulching of soil ridges (RFS) and CK treatments, whereas RFL delayed leaf senescence at the filling stage, providing favourable conditions for high yield. Although, in 2022, the yield as well as water use efficiency (WUE) under RFL increased by 3.3% and 16.13%, than CK treatments, in 2023, they boosted by 13.92% and 20.79%, respectively. In both years, instead of drought during the early growth stages of growth, RFL enhanced both the yield and WUE of summer maize. Therefore, liquid film can be preferred rather than plastic film in dry semi‐humid areas. However, the results also indicated that the optimal ridge–furrow ratio for both yield and WUE is significantly affected by different years and climate conditions. So, further research is needed to study the yield and WUE under various rainfall patterns.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Yield and Yield Components Among Selected Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Silicon Fertilisation and Drought Conditions","authors":"Marylyn M. Christian, Hussein Shimelis, Mark D. Laing, Toi J. Tsilo","doi":"10.1111/jac.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70020","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (&lt;jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"&gt;&lt;jats:italic&gt;Triticum aestivum&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;/jats:styled-content&gt; L. (2&lt;jats:italic&gt;n =&lt;/jats:italic&gt; 6&lt;jats:italic&gt;x&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 42; AABBDD)) is a commodity crop serving diverse value chains worldwide. However, drought stress and poor soil health are major causes of a yield gap in wheat production. Silicon (Si) fertiliser application with drought‐adapted wheat cultivars may enhance wheat productivity. This study aimed to examine the impact of Si fertilisation on agronomic performance and trait associations in wheat under drought stress to identify selection criteria for improving drought tolerance and Si response. Twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated, involving two water regimes and two Si fertiliser formulations in three environments, using a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Both liquid and granular Si formulations enhanced the agronomic performance of wheat compared to the untreated control, under both drought‐stressed (DS) and nonstressed (NS) conditions. Variable degrees of correlations were recorded under different water regimes and fertiliser formulations. Si fertilisation improved favourable trait correlations compared to the untreated control under DS and NS conditions. Grain yield had positive associations with hundred seed weight (HSW), under NS conditions when using liquid Si (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.74, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001) and granular Si (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.69, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001). Strong trait correlations were detected between productive tiller number (TN) and productive spike number (PS) for granular Si (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.99, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001), liquid Si (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 1.00, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001) and the untreated control (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.98, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001), under DS conditions. With both granular and liquid Si applications under DS conditions, there were high trait correlations between spike length (SL) and TN (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.72, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001; &lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.63, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001, respectively), and PS (&lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.73, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001; &lt;jats:italic&gt;r&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.62, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001, respectively). Under DS, HSW (0.84) and PS (0.64) had higher direct effects on grain yield with granular Si application, while TN and PS (0.94) had higher indirect effects on grain yield under liquid Si application. Under NS, aboveground biomass (0.68) had the highest direct effects on grain yield with granular Si compared to the liquid Si formulation and the untreated control. The genotypes MC10, MC6, MC1, MC3 and MC11, with granular Si application, were high yielders in descending order and are recomme","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Shade Stress on the Synthesis of Cellulose and Lignin in Maize Nodal Roots","authors":"Shengqin Liu, Liu Yuze, Shengqun Liu, Ma Yue, Dai Mingmei, Liu Junren, Liu Chang","doi":"10.1111/jac.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70015","url":null,"abstract":"Low solar radiation is an important factor affecting maize root growth and development. Roots have an anchoring function, and their important components are cellulose and lignin. Here, shade experiments were conducted using shade nets with 50% light transmittance (L<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>). The experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 using the ‘Xianyu 335’ maize variety under two nitrogen conditions (N<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> = 180 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> = 240 kg ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) to investigate the effect of shading on the structural carbohydrate content of maize nodal roots. The results showed that light had a highly significant effect on cellulose and lignin contents. Compared with normal light (L<jats:sub>100</jats:sub>), the cellulose content significantly decreased by 10.36%–13.87% and the lignin content significantly decreased by 12.96%–18.68% under shading (L<jats:sub>50</jats:sub>). Shading decreased the sucrose and soluble sugar contents and the cellulose and lignin‐related enzyme activities. The cellulose and lignin contents were significantly positively correlated with the sucrose content. The cellulose content at the silking (R1) stage was significantly positively correlated with the soluble sugar content and sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase activities at the 15th leaf (V15) stage; the lignin content at R1 was significantly positively correlated with the soluble sugar content and SS, acid invertase, tyrosine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities at V15. Genes related to cellulose synthesis, including <jats:italic>sucrose synthase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SS</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>cellulose synthase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CESA</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>cellulose synthase‐interactive protein 1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CSI1</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Chitinase‐Like1</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>CTL1</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>STELLO2</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>STL2</jats:italic>), were downregulated under shading, as were the lignin synthesis‐related <jats:italic>phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia‐lyase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PTAL</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>4CL</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>peroxidase</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>POD</jats:italic>) genes. Auxin and jasmonic acid were significantly affected by light and decreased under shading, thereby reducing cellulose and lignin synthesis. These findings provide theoretical support for the development of appropriate maize cultivation practices under reduced solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Water and Heat Fluxes of Typical Crops and Simulation of Evapotranspiration in Saline‐Alkali Soil of the Yellow River Delta, China","authors":"Qiu Haonan, Yang Shihong, Wang Guangmei, Liu Xiaoling, Zhang Jie, Xu Yi, Dong Shide, Liu Hanwen, Jiang Zewei","doi":"10.1111/jac.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70021","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of water and heat flux variation patterns in saline‐alkali land is significant due to the distinctive characteristics that affect crop growth, and surface energy flux and evapotranspiration are two key factors affecting saline‐alkali land. Surface energy fluxes and evapotranspiration of three crops (wheat, maize, and soybean) in saline‐alkali soils were observed using an EC (eddy covariance) system. The energy balance closure of the three crops was evaluated at the daily scale with regression slopes of 0.82 for wheat, 0.83 for maize, and 0.65 for soybean. During the growing season, wheat, maize, and soybean exhibited average LE (latent heat) to Rn (net radiation) ratios of 0.66, 0.55, and 0.65, respectively. Notably, LE dominated the consumption of Rn. The correlation analysis showed that the three crops in saline‐alkali soil had the highest correlation with Rn and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and a negative correlation with humidity (RH). Notably, crops in saline‐alkali soil exhibited more pronounced nocturnal evapotranspiration (ET) variations in the middle and late growth stages compared to other dryland cropping systems. Based on the observed ET data and meteorological factors, this paper constructed ET prediction models for three crops in saline‐alkali soil at 30‐min and daily scales using back propagation neural network (BP), random forest (RF), and k‐neighbourhood (KNN). BP exhibits better model performance. In most cases, the results showed that the best model performance of wheat, maize, and soybeans at the 30‐min scale were <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.812, RMSE = 0.0449 mm; <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.683, RMSE = 0.0858 mm; <jats:italic>R</jats:italic><jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.802, RMSE = 0.0672 mm. The work in this study contributes to the understanding of the changing patterns of water–heat fluxes in crops in saline‐alkali soil and enables prediction of crop evapotranspiration in saline soils.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Impact of Climate Warming on Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Phenology From Observations and Modelling in the Arid Region of Northwest China","authors":"Lu Liu, Xi Chen","doi":"10.1111/jac.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70011","url":null,"abstract":"Climate warming has induced shifts in the phenological period and thus affected cultivar selection and effective crop management. Particularly, the great climate warming in the dry environment could have more effects on the phenology of spring wheat with the distinct cycle of biological events during growth. In this study, the daily observations of spring wheat phenology and meteorology from 1991 to 2018 were used to analyse changes in phenology concerning accumulated temperature in the Hexi Corridor region of Northwest China. Five crop growth models (WheatGrow, WOFOST, CropSyst, CERES‐Wheat and APSIM‐Wheat) were selected to evaluate the reliability of the phenological stage simulations in the study region. Results show that in the past 28 years, the annual accumulated temperature in the whole growth period from sowing to maturity increased by 3.08°C–8.35°C/a at three sites of the region. Climate warming shortened the phenological period at rates of 3.56–4.49 days/10a, mostly attributed to the shortened duration from anthesis to maturity. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the shortened phenological period cannot be simply expressed by the linear correlation between the length of phenological phases and accumulated temperature in the respective growth stages. The five wheat growth models after parameter validation can generally capture the phenological dates, and WOFOST performed best at the three sites. However, when the calibrated model was used for simulations of long‐term variations of phenological dates, the accumulated errors in simulations could result in large deviations of the predicted physiological change to the observations.","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}