Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Genotypic Variation in Root System Architecture in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) for Adaptive Breeding in Soil Resource-Limited Environments","authors":"Godswill Hygienus,&nbsp;Vincent Agyemang Opoku,&nbsp;Mathias Neumann Andersen,&nbsp;Paul Agu Asare,&nbsp;Michael Osei Adu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Root system architecture (RSA) is crucial to plant adaptation and the efficiency of soil resource acquisition. However, the RSA variation in okra remains fundamentally uncharacterised. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by investigating genetic variability, heritability, and trait associations of RSA characteristics across sixty okra genotypes using a rhizobox-based phenotyping system that evaluated over 30 RSA traits. There was genotypic variation with coefficients of variation ranging from 5% to 70%. Most traits (76%) demonstrated high broad-sense heritability (&gt; 60%), particularly those important for capturing soil resources, including total root length, surface area, and volume. Genetic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were predominantly intermediate (10%–20%) to high (&gt; 20%), except for lateral root angle and primary root length, which showed low variation (&lt; 10%). The first four principal components explained 81.7% of the total genotypic variation, with root perimeter, surface area, and volume as the primary contributors to the diversity in the RSA. There were two genotype groups with contrasting RSA ideotypes independent of the geographical origin of the germplasm. There were moderate to very strong, significant positive associations among many RSA and biomass traits (<i>r</i> = 0.51–0.99; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). However, the mean root diameter exhibited weak negative but non-significant correlations with several characteristics. Notable genotypes were identified for specific RSA traits: VI063895 (0.39 and 0.40 g), VI060692 (0.32 and 0.33 g), and GH154 (0.30 and 0.34 g) for superior root biomass allocation; GH108 (2032.28 and 1895.14 cm) for maximum root length; GH111 (25.14 and 20.80 cm³), GH121 (23.56 and 24.59 cm³), and GH157 (18.54 and 19.06 cm³) for enhanced root volume; VI060691 (60° and 62°) and GH125 (61° and 59°) for steep lateral root angles; and V1063895 (10,899 and 10,873), GH135 (9464 and 9330) and GH102 (9303 and 9441) for branching architecture across the two trials. This study advances our understanding of okra RSA diversity, laying the groundwork for trait-based breeding strategies that enhance adaptation to resource-limited environments. The identified genotypes represent diverse RSA ideotypes that offer the potential for improving nutrient and water use efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological and Sustainable Approaches to Climate-Resilient Agriculture","authors":"Muhammad Arif,&nbsp;Jaweria Shamshad,&nbsp;Faisal Khalid,&nbsp;Yakov Kuzyakov,&nbsp;Afifa Younas,&nbsp;Luhua Li","doi":"10.1111/jac.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change presents challenges to agriculture globally, necessitating to develop resilient production systems to safeguard food security, farm incomes and environmental sustainability. This review synthesises current strategies to raise climate resilience, with a focus on climate-smart agricultural practices, the selection and planting of stress-tolerant crop varieties and efficient water management. The review provides a critical analysis of biotechnological tools including gene editing through <i>CRISPR-cas9</i> and marker-assisted selection that enable rapid development of region-specific crop improvements. The review also examines the under-explored approaches such as the use of beneficial stress-tolerant microbes, diversified cropping systems, and conservation agriculture. By integrating case studies from multiple geographic regions, it presents a comparative synthesis of context-specific successes and challenges. We suggest a framework to align technological innovation with policy support, farmer education and participatory stakeholder engagement. Special attention is given to the needs of smallholder farmers in climate-vulnerable regions. The review concludes by outlining actionable priorities, including the expansion of climate data services and the integration of ecological management practices to balance productivity with ecosystem health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drag Measurement of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Heads With Varying Morphology","authors":"Muhammad Faizan,&nbsp;Navid Freidoonimehr,&nbsp;Matthew Tucker,&nbsp;Maziar Arjomandi","doi":"10.1111/jac.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The static aerodynamic loads on barley heads have an impact on stem susceptibility to lodging and head loss. This paper quantifies the drag coefficient values of barley heads and presents insights into the effect of head phenotypic variations on the drag coefficients and force moments on the stem adjoining the head, referred to as the peduncle. The measurements are performed against a range of Reynolds numbers for different head orientation angles relative to the incoming wind in the close-return wind tunnel. The heads with small awns angle relative to the rachis exhibit greater drag coefficients as compared to non-awned heads, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers, and would also have a relatively higher centre of pressure, resulting in greater force moment at the peduncle. The drag coefficient and moment arm decrease as the awn angle relative to the rachis increases. The lex-shaped and fan-shaped barley heads do not present a significant variation in drag coefficients. Moreover, the length and size of the head exhibit a minimal difference in drag coefficient values, but would result in higher bending moment values at the peduncle. The results also indicate that the heads with greater kernel angle relative to the rachis, keeping the grain number constant, have lower drag coefficients and moment arms, resulting in smaller bending moments at the peduncle. This work suggests that breeding programmes aimed at increasing barley yield by enhancing grain number, grain mass and plumpness may benefit from selecting for an increased kernel angle relative to the rachis, thereby limiting stem stress and the potential for mechanical breakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Distinct Grain Filling Mechanisms Between Low Light–Tolerant and Low Light–Sensitive Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Under Low Light Conditions","authors":"Yanxiu Du,&nbsp;Yun Yan,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Yile Sheng,&nbsp;Chun Ye,&nbsp;Hongzheng Sun,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Junzhou Li,&nbsp;Shuping Xiong","doi":"10.1111/jac.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low light conditions, caused by prolonged cloudy and rainy weather during the grain-filling stage, lead to significant reductions in rice quality and yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying grain filling under low light remain poorly understood. In this study, two Japonica rice varieties, Xinfeng 6 (Xin 6; low light–tolerant) and Nipponbare (NP; low light–sensitive), were employed to investigate these mechanisms. Under low light conditions, Xin 6 exhibited less pronounced changes in 1000-grain weight, chalkiness, starch and storage protein content, and endosperm starch granule structure compared to NP. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the number of genes regulated by low light in NP grains was approximately threefold higher than that in Xin 6 grains. Notably, a significant number of genes associated with sucrose-starch synthesis, glycolysis, and abscisic acid, calcium, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways were downregulated in NP but remained unaffected in Xin 6. Gene network analyses suggest that Tre6P signalling integrates respiration, starch synthesis, low-temperature response and trehalose synthesis in grains under low light. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of low light tolerance in rice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Their Contribution to Yields of Diverse Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.) Genotypes Grown Under Early Drought Conditions","authors":"Thanakorn Kulrat,&nbsp;Nakorn Jongrungklang,&nbsp;Sanun Jogloy,&nbsp;Nimitr Vorasoot,&nbsp;Darunee Puangbut,&nbsp;Patcharin Songsri","doi":"10.1111/jac.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physiological and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency responses to early drought and their contribution to yields in diverse sugarcane genotypes are understudied. This study examines the physiological responses, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), and their relationship with yields in various sugarcane genotypes during early drought and recovery periods, providing information relevant to breeding drought-resistant sugarcane. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot in RCBD with three replications. The main plot was two water regimes (i) well-watered (WW) and (ii) early drought stress (DS), whereas the subplot consisted of six sugarcane genotypes in plant cane and ratoon cane. Relative water content (RWC), SPAD chlorophyll matter reading (SCMR), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (Pn), PNUE, and crop growth rate (CGR) were measured during drought and recovery periods. While cane, sugar, and fiber yield were collected at the final harvest. The results indicated that drought stress reduced RWC, SCMR, gs, Pn, PNUE, and CGR. Furthermore, early drought reduced cane, sugar, and fiber yields, as well as CCS levels. After rewatering, RWC, Pn, gs, PNUE, and CGR quickly recovered in only F03-362 genotype. PNUE significantly contributed to CGR under DS conditions and enhanced cane yield during drought. Under DS conditions, F03-362 maintained high PNUE and GCR, while F03-362 and KK09-0358 sustained high PNUE and cane yield. Interestingly, F03-362 as an F1 hybrid showed a good recovery efficiency for Pn, PNUE, and GCR, resulting in a high cane yield. Breeders can use this genotype as a parent in sugarcane breeding for drought resistance, with PNUE and CGR serving as selection criteria. Understanding the water stress-response mechanisms of diverse genotypes is key to successful drought-resistant breeding.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Jarvis Canopy Resistance Model by Modifying the Effective Leaf Area Index in a Venlo-Type Greenhouse","authors":"Jianhui Jiang,&nbsp;Biyu Wang,&nbsp;Haofang Yan,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang,&nbsp;Shaowei Liang,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Deng,&nbsp;Yudong Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jac.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Canopy resistance (<i>r</i>_<i>c</i>) is a vital parameter for further estimating crop evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>_<i>c</i>), and Jarvis model is one of the most widely used models to estimate <i>r</i>_<i>c</i> with parameterizations based on the environmental factors and leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>). However, previous researches on the Jarvis model mainly focused on optimising environmental parameters, which could not explain the great fitting disparity for the <i>r</i>_<i>c</i> estimations of distinct crop species and the uncertain model performances in different growing stages. Therefore, we modified the effective leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>_<i>e</i>) in Jarvis model using a multi-layer method in which we measured stomatal resistance (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i>) and <i>LAI</i> at different layers (0–50, 50–100, 100–150 and 150–200 cm of plant height) of greenhouse cucumber to calculate <i>LAI</i>_<i>e</i> to describe the influences of leaf spatial distribution and photosynthesis efficiency. We compared the performances of the improved and the original Jarvis models on <i>r</i>_<i>c</i> estimation and found the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) and root mean squared error (<i>RMSE</i>) of 0.68 and 163 s m⁻¹, 0.64 and 171 s m⁻¹, respectively, the corresponding errors for hourly <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> calculation were 0.81 and 0.10 mm h⁻¹, 0.88 and 0.098 mm h⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of both models gradually raised with the increasing in <i>LAI</i>, and an obvious improvement on <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> estimation appeared when <i>LAI ≤</i> 1 m² m⁻² with <i>R</i>² = 0.81 for the improved Jarvis model while <i>R</i>² = 0.77 for the original Jarvis model. Although the accuracy of the improved Jarvis model was not prominently increased for all growing stages, the improved Jarvis model is of great significance in considerations of crop physiological and growth diversity to enhance the model adaptability for distinct crops and reduce the uncertainty of model performance for different growing stages.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rainfall Reduction and Competition on the Phenology of the Mediterranean Forage Perennial Legume Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata cv. Lanza","authors":"Jesús Fernández-Habas,&nbsp;Daniel Real,&nbsp;Tom Vanwalleghem,&nbsp;José Ramón Leal-Murillo,&nbsp;Pilar Fernández-Rebollo","doi":"10.1111/jac.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tedera (<i>Bituminaria bituminosa</i> (L.) C.H. Stirt.) is a Mediterranean drought-tolerant species that shows potential as a forage perennial legume for Mediterranean livestock systems. This three-year study investigated the phenology of the newly developed variety of tedera (Lanza) in response to an annual 24% rainfall reduction and competition compared to alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) in a typical Mediterranean environment of the Iberian Peninsula. Tedera showed early phenology for the reproductive stages from inflorescence emergence to ripening compared to alfalfa, with a long flowering period from early April to mid-May, overlapping with mature fruits. In general, tedera responded to a 24% reduction in rainfall with earlier inflorescence emergence and flowering, demonstrating plasticity to drier conditions. Competition affected the phenology through delayed start of inflorescence emergence and flowering, and especially by reducing the probability of plants reaching reproductive stages. Tedera exhibited overall later leaf shedding than alfalfa and even retained green leaves throughout the summer of the establishment year, whereas alfalfa shed its leaves in July. Low cold tolerance and competition from weeds affect the phenology of tedera and may limit its persistence. Further research and breeding efforts are needed to define suitable management strategies and ensure the provision of green forage during the summer season by this species, which may play a crucial strategic role in facing future, more arid scenarios in Mediterranean livestock systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought Resilience of Wheat Genotypes Through Microbial Biostimulants Under Water Deficit Regimes","authors":"Saeed Ahmad,&nbsp;Hafiz Mohkum Hammad,&nbsp;Muhammad Habib ur Rahman,&nbsp;Muhammad Baqir Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Sher","doi":"10.1111/jac.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drought resilience strategies are needed to tackle the escalating issue of water scarcity and to sustain crop productivity under water deficit conditions. There is a gap in identifying the most effective consortium of microbial biostimulants and understanding the underlying physiological and antioxidant mechanisms involved in the drought resilience of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) crop. To address this, three experiments were carried out in laboratory and wire house conditions to identify and optimise the response of drought-tolerant microbial biostimulants for wheat genotypes. Three drought-tolerant microbial biostimulants: <i>Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium</i> and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> were selected from a laboratory study. The two wheat genotypes: Dilkash-2021 and Bakhar Star (drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively) were selected from a wire house experiment. Afterwards, the response of individual and consortium of selected drought-tolerant microbial biostimulants was evaluated in drought-tolerant and sensitive wheat genotypes under well-watered and water deficit regimes. Results indicated that seed inoculation of drought-tolerant genotype with the microbial consortium of <i>Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium</i> and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> significantly increased relative water contents (58%), stomatal conductance (39%), sub-stomatal conductance (70%), water use efficiency (38%) and net leaf photosynthetic rate (34%) as compared with the un-inoculated control under water deficit. Furthermore, a significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentration (36%) and an improvement in proline contents (77%), superoxide dismutase (82%) and peroxidase (51%) were observed with this microbial consortium under water deficit. Therefore, seed inoculation of drought-tolerant wheat genotypes with the microbial consortium might be considered in formulating the best agricultural practices for alleviating the adverse effects of water deficit on the wheat crop.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Genotypes to Drought Stress During Vegetative and Reproductive Stages","authors":"Sujan Poudel,&nbsp;Lekshmy V. Sankarapillai,&nbsp;Bikash Adhikari,&nbsp;K. Raja Reddy,&nbsp;Raju Bheemanahalli","doi":"10.1111/jac.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cowpea is a valuable legume known for its high-quality protein and multiple uses, but it often suffers from sub-optimal moisture during different growth stages. While the effects of drought at certain stages are studied, comprehensive studies across all growth stages are limited. This study evaluated drought tolerance of two cowpea genotypes by examining morphophysiological, pigments, biomass, yield and quality traits under contrasting soil moisture conditions: control and drought during critical vegetative (V2 and V4) and reproductive (R1 and R4) stages. Gas exchange traits were more affected by drought during the vegetative stages than the reproductive stage, with photosynthesis declining by 86% at the vegetative stage, compared to a 68% reduction at the reproductive stage. The chlorophyll index declined by 54% in the R4 stage, while the V2 stage showed no significant changes under drought. Drought at the R1 stage led to a substantial decrease in seed yield by 46%, followed by 35% in R4, 33% in V2 and 27% in V4. The yield reduction at R1 correlated with an 82%, 68% and 44% drop in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll index, respectively, followed by a 3.4°C increase in leaf temperature. Drought stress during reproductive stages led to an increase in hundred-seed weight and seed protein, while starch content decreased, indicating a shift in resource allocation under stress conditions. Based on seed number and weight, the order of cowpea growth stage resilience to drought stress followed the order of R1 &lt; R4 &lt; V2 &lt; V4. These findings suggest that breeding for a multi-stage drought-resilient genotype is needed to sustain yield under rainfed conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic and Antioxidant Activity in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Following Ice Encasement Stress","authors":"Devendra Prasad Chalise,&nbsp;Emily Merewitz","doi":"10.1111/jac.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ice encasement of annual bluegrass (<i>Poa annua</i>) putting greens can result in hypoxic or anoxic conditions. Organ-specific and direct physiological evidence on the role of anaerobic metabolism and stress responses in annual bluegrass is needed to justify the importance of costly management strategies to reduce hypoxia. A two-year controlled environment study (2022/2023–2023/2024) was conducted in East Lansing, Michigan, to investigate the impact of different durations of ice encasement stress (0, 40 and 60 days) on select reactive oxygen species (ROS), anaerobic metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activity and anaerobic enzyme activity in annual bluegrass. Ice encasement stress significantly influenced anaerobic metabolism and antioxidant responses in annual bluegrass. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), increased with prolonged ice encasement, with O₂⁻ increasing 3.43-fold and H₂O₂ increasing 3.42-fold after 60 days of ice encasement. Antioxidant enzyme activities, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were upregulated in response to stress caused by prolonged ice encasement. Additionally, anaerobic respiration byproducts increased, with ethanol increasing 12.80-fold, acetaldehyde 4.11-fold and lactic acid 1.41-fold after 60 days of ice encasement. Key metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), also increased with ice encasement duration. Ice encasement had no significant effect on pigment content or fatty acid composition, though organ-specific differences were observed, with roots having higher saturated fatty acids and leaves showing greater unsaturation. Therefore, we conclude that prolonged ice encasement induces anaerobic metabolism and oxidative stress in annual bluegrass, with limited antioxidant activity in crown and root tissues contributing to winterkill susceptibility. Future research should focus on determining ethanol and gas accumulation thresholds, as well as exploring management strategies to enhance antioxidant defences and mitigate hypoxic stress during overwintering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}