Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of CIMMYT and IITA Provitamin A Maize Inbred Lines for Carotenoid Content and Combined Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Derek Mudadirwa,&nbsp;Samuel Adelowo Olakojo,&nbsp;Xavier Mhike,&nbsp;Clever Mukuze,&nbsp;Sibonginkosi Sibanda,&nbsp;Thokozile Ndhlela","doi":"10.1111/jac.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa depend on maize for daily food, income and livelihoods. However, over-reliance on maize-based diets in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with a high prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency. Provitamin A maize was introduced as a sustainable and reliable alternative to complement expensive vitamin A-rich food; however, drought and heat stresses remain major constraints to its productivity. This study evaluated 192 provitamin A (advanced and Doubled Haploid) maize inbred lines for combined drought and heat stress tolerance using phenotypic traits and carotenoid content. The genotypes showed significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) for grain yield and phenotypic traits related to combined drought and heat stresses. Carotenoid content varied from 0.19–53.57 μg/g, with 35% of the total inbred lines having greater than the recommended breeding target of 15 μg/g. Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height and ear position had a significant direct positive contribution, whilst anthesis date, anthesis-silking interval and ear aspect had a negative direct contribution on grain yield under combined drought and heat-stressed conditions. Inbreds TZMI1989, DSL19753, CLHP0478-B, DS197-338 and DS197-224 were stable and contained sufficient carotenoid levels. We recommend that their combining ability effects and gene action for the target traits be assessed to ensure that desirable traits are inheritable. The drought and heat tolerant provitamin A maize hybrids that can be developed from the selected promising inbred lines have a high potential in solving both food insecurity and vitamin A deficiency problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accession-Specific Responses to Submergence Stress in Lotus japonicus: Implications for Legume Climate Resilience","authors":"Eamon J. Durkan,&nbsp;Fiona M. K. Corke,&nbsp;John H. Doonan","doi":"10.1111/jac.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flooding is a major abiotic stress that limits legume productivity and ecological resilience. Identifying variation in submergence tolerance among legume accessions is critical for developing climate-resilient cultivars. This study investigated phenotypic and physiological responses to complete submergence in nine <i>Lotus japonicus</i> accessions, selected from a range of latitudes, subjected to 10 days of submergence followed by recovery. Growth traits (leaf area, dry biomass), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and reproductive timing (flowering onset and cumulative flower production) were assessed relative to non-flooded controls. We hypothesised that developmental traits would vary in response to complete submergence. Submergence induced significant mean reductions in biomass (−36.9% ± 3.9%) and photosystem II efficiency (−27.4% ± 2.6%), though all accessions fully recovered photosynthetic function within 10 days post-flood. Surprisingly, the accessions displayed two contrasting adaptive strategies: six exhibited growth arrest consistent with a low-oxygen quiescence response, while three maintained shoot elongation under water, indicative of an escape strategy. The negative correlation between change in leaf area during submergence and early recovery growth suggested a physiological trade-off. Accessions also displayed different responses in terms of flowering time with mean delays of between 0.5 and 21 days. Flooding also reduced cumulative flower production by 24.8% ± 3.9%. Notably, there was a strong correlation between latitude and flowering time delay caused by submergence stress. These results reveal substantial intra-specific variation in submergence responses among <i>L. japonicus</i> accessions and demonstrate the utility of this species as a model for dissecting stress-tolerance mechanisms in <i>Fabaceae</i>. The findings could inform breeding strategies for improved flood resilience in forage and grain legumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Field Evaluation of Triticum spelta and Triticum aestivum Performance Under Contrasting Irrigation Regimes and Farming Systems: Impact on Yield, Grain Quality and Soil Microbiota","authors":"Xabier Simón Martínez-Goñi,&nbsp;Asier Cámara,&nbsp;Jon Miranda-Apodaca,&nbsp;Iratxe Zarraonaindia,&nbsp;Usue Pérez-López","doi":"10.1111/jac.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting crop yields worldwide. Similarly, organic practices have been reported to enhance soil health and microbial diversity, influencing crop growth and yield. Given its drought tolerance, spelt (<i>Triticum spelta</i>) has been proposed as a resilient alternative to wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). Nevertheless, its agronomic and microbial responses under water-limited conditions within different farming systems remain poorly understood. This study compares wheat and spelt under irrigated and rainfed environments using conventional and organic farming practices in the field. Spelt showed greater resilience to water-limited conditions, maintaining yield, grain weight, and exhibiting higher antioxidant capacity under rainfed. Wheat yields dropped by 17% under rainfed but still remained 229% higher than spelt. Under organic farming, yields were 57%–85% and 77%–85% lower in spelt and wheat, linked to lower nitrogen availability. This provoked higher grain <i>C/N</i> ratios, indicating lower nutritional quality. Analysing belowground microbial ecosystem, farming practice was the primary factor explaining the dissimilarity of microbial community composition, with the irrigation regime playing a secondary role. Concretely, organic practices promoted the enrichment of soil bacterial microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycling and organic matter degradation, including members of Nitrosococcaceae SZB85, Thermomicrobiaceae, and <i>Actinomycetospora</i>; however, this was not enough to increase nitrogen availability and promote plant yield. On the other hand, under rainfed, specifically in conventional soils, the potentially pathogenic species <i>Ustilago maydis</i> increased, while both wheat and spelt simultaneously recruited beneficial species for plant development, <i>Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium</i>. Similarly, in organic soils experiencing water-limited conditions, an increase in beneficial microorganisms like <i>Paraphoma radicina</i> and <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i> was also observed. Our findings highlighted the potential of spelt as a drought-tolerant alternative in water-limited regions while also revealing the limitations of organic farming practices for yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above and Belowground Plasticity Traits Allow Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Cultivation Under Low-Input Water Management in Three Mediterranean Environments","authors":"Claudio Russo,&nbsp;Valerio Cirillo,&nbsp;Nausicaa Pollaro,&nbsp;Andrea Chiodini,&nbsp;Fabio Terribile,&nbsp;Albino Maggio","doi":"10.1111/jac.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biofuels can play an important role to reduce fossil fuels consumption and decrease carbon dioxide emissions. However, current biofuels derived from food crops can exacerbate food security concerns due to their competition for cropland and resources. Second-generation biofuels obtained from non-food crops can represent a promising opportunity to overcome this conflict. Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius L</i>.), an under-utilised crop (UUC), shows promise for biofuel production due to its oil properties and resilience in extreme/unsuitable environments. In this study, we evaluated the response of two safflower genotypes CWL990L (CWL) and Oscar (OS) under two different water treatments: well-watered (100% of ETc) and half-watered (HW) (50% of ETc) across three locations in Southern Italy. CWL maintained high shoot biomass, seed yield and oil yield under HW conditions in the two deepest soils, whereas OS showed reductions up to 75% and 62% in biomass and seed yield, respectively. CWL had a reduced relative water content by only 6% (vs. 20% in OS), increased leaf mass <i>per</i> area by 26%, and developed a root system with 70% steeper root angle. In contrast, OS showed a much more limited plasticity in these traits. However, we observed significant variations in productivity across locations due to the different pedoclimates. In conclusion, safflower holds great potential as a sustainable biofuel feedstock. These results also demonstrate that resilient genotypes that require moderate agronomic inputs can maintain good yields while adapting to diverse environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Winter Wheat Panicle Relative Water Content Using Hyperspectral Vegetation Indexes","authors":"Zhang Zhen,&nbsp;Wang Zhao,&nbsp;Li Xiaorong,&nbsp;Li Yanli,&nbsp;Liang Yi,&nbsp;Zhang Yong,&nbsp;Liu YaDong","doi":"10.1111/jac.70165","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Timely assessment of panicle relative water content in wheat is critical for harvest diagnosis and precision management of wheat to generate higher yield and better quality. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable index using wheat panicle hyperspectral data for the assessment of wheat panicle relative water content. Ground-based hyperspectral datasets were obtained during the heading-maturity growth stage under eastern and western Guanzhong wheat eco-sites in Shaanxi Province using the FieldSpec3 Pro spectrometer. This study systematically analysed the performance of three newly developed types of two-band hyperspectral spectral indexes and previously published spectral indexes to estimate wheat panicle relative water content. Results showed that the newly developed two-band index NDVI (R₁₈₉₀, R₂₁₃₄) in eastern Guanzhong wheat eco-sites and NDVI (R₁₂₂₅, R₁₃₀₂) in western Guanzhong wheat eco-sites performed best in estimating wheat panicle relative water content at the panicle scale in wheat, generating the coefficients of determination, root mean square error and residual prediction deviation values between the measured and predicted values of 0.98 and 0.98, 2.95% and 2.69%, 6.98 and 6.45, respectively. This study indicates that the relative water content of winter wheat panicles can be precisely estimated using panicle hyperspectral vegetation indexes, which aids in monitoring the wheat maturation phase.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Evapotranspiration Models Coupled With Single and Dual-Source Hypotheses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Fields in Northwest and Northeast China","authors":"Youwei Liu,&nbsp;Haofang Yan,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang,&nbsp;Desheng Zhang,&nbsp;Rongxuan Bao,&nbsp;Biyu Wang,&nbsp;Yudong Zhou,&nbsp;Yujing Han","doi":"10.1111/jac.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crop evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>_<i>c</i>) is a critical component of crop growth, yield formation, and the water cycle, and its accurate estimation is essential for agricultural management decisions. However, uncertainties remain regarding the applicability of existing <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> models under different climatic and planting conditions. In this study, the Penman-Monteith (PM) model coupled with the Katerji-Perrier (KP) and the Farias (FA) canopy resistance methods, the Priestley-Taylor (PT), the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW), and the revised SW (R-SW) models were applied for <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> calculation for rainfed maize in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province (NE-H) from 2023 to 2024, and film-mulched maize in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia (NW-I) from 2020 to 2021. All model outputs were calibrated and validated using measured <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> with the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance method. The PM-KP, R-SW, and PT models in NW-I and the PM-KP and PT models in NE-H performed better overall, with the coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) close to 0.8. The PT model achieved the highest simulation accuracy in NW-I, with an <i>R</i>² of 0.98, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.01 mm/h, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.02 mm/h. In NE-H, the PM-KP model outperformed the other models, with an <i>R</i>² of 0.87, an MAE of 0.02 mm/h, and an RMSE of 0.08 mm/h. Additionally, model performance exhibited substantial variability across different regions and temporal scales. In NW-I, model errors responded strongly to vapour pressure deficit (<i>VPD</i>) and net radiation (<i>R</i>_<i>n</i>), with significant interactive effects with leaf area index (<i>LAI</i>). Whereas in NE-H, errors of most models showed no consistent variation trends along <i>VPD</i> and <i>R</i>_<i>n</i> gradients, except for the PM-FA model, with only specific models exhibiting systematic responses to extreme conditions. This study provides targeted technical support for water-efficient irrigation management under specific climates. Future research should enhance the integration of meteorological and crop physiological factors into <i>ET</i>_<i>c</i> model parameterisation and develop region-specific correction terms for canopy resistance and energy partitioning processes to improve model adaptability for broader agroclimatic contexts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene Glycol Priming Improves Drought Resistance in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) via Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis","authors":"Luhua Yao,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu,&nbsp;Yu Ni,&nbsp;Yanjun Guo","doi":"10.1111/jac.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed priming is a widely used pre-sowing treatment to enhance plant resistance to drought stress. However, the effects of seed priming with polyethylene glycol on plant cuticle, which plays a crucial role in reducing water loss, remain unclear. In this study, we primed sweet sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) seeds with PEG and subjected the seedlings to drought stress. PEG priming increased the accumulation of cuticular wax and cutin under drought conditions, resulting in reduced leaf water loss and improved leaf relative water content compared to non-primed seedlings. Transcriptome and hormone analyses revealed that PEG priming influenced the accumulation of ACC, JA-Ile, JA, ABA and SA under drought stress. Exogenous applications of ABA, JA and ABA/JA led to 6.1%, 19.7% and 23.1% increases in total wax coverage, respectively, on seedlings under non-stress conditions. We also identified MYB30, a transcription factor from sorghum, and transgenically overexpressed it in Arabidopsis. The MYB30-overexpression lines showed significantly increased wax accumulation and enhanced drought resistance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. These findings suggest that PEG priming modulates hormone levels, which regulate transcription factors such as MYB30, ultimately promoting the expression of genes involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis and improving drought tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Genotype Performance in a Semi-Arid Environment Based on Drought Tolerance Indices","authors":"Mehmet Arslan,&nbsp;Omar Gaoua,&nbsp;Metin Gönültaş,&nbsp;Mustafa Çakmak,&nbsp;Layth Hussein Ashour","doi":"10.1111/jac.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change and global warming have significantly reduced the availability of irrigation water supplied to sugar beet crops in semi-arid environments. Identifying and recommending drought-tolerant sugar beet cultivars in water-limited regions is essential for helping growers maintain stable and sustainable yields. Twenty-nine sugar beet genotypes, including 25 germplasm accessions and four commercial hybrids, were examined under moderate and severe drought stress conditions in a 2-year experiment to determine the most drought-tolerant genotypes and the stress indices that could be used to screen drought tolerance. Twelve drought tolerance indices were estimated for each genotype based on white sugar yield under non-stress (Yp), moderate (Ys1), and severe drought stress (Ys2) conditions. A significant drought stress response variation was observed in the tested genotype under both stress conditions. Based on drought tolerance indices, namely mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought index (DI), relative drought index (RDI), harmonic mean (HM), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and tolerance index (TOL) as well as principal component analysis, the most drought-tolerant genotypes were identified. Sugar beet genotypes PI590861, PI590855, PI590851, PI590799, PI578081, and PI590775 were determined to be the most drought tolerant. The significant and positive correlation of white sugar yield under Ys1 and Ys2 conditions with MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, DI, and RDI showed that they could be used as the most suitable indices to screen drought-tolerant genotypes. The selected individual genotypes with drought tolerance can be used to develop higher-yielding cultivars for drought-prone environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of DSSAT/CERES-Maize Model in Simulating Evapotranspiration and Water Productivity Under Tropical Conditions","authors":"Taís Souza dos Santos Dias,&nbsp;Livia Betanho Sandoval,&nbsp;Marina Luciana Abreu de Melo,&nbsp;Henrique Bauab Brunetti,&nbsp;Thieres George Freire da Silva,&nbsp;Fábio Ricardo Marin","doi":"10.1111/jac.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the DSSAT/CERES-Maize model's ability to simulate daily and cumulative ET, water productivity (WP) and water use efficiency (WUE) for maize in tropical conditions. Observed ET data were obtained using the Bowen ratio (BREB) method in Piracicaba-SP, and the soil water balance (SWB) method in Serra Talhada-PE. Simulations used the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (ET_PM) or Priestley–Taylor (ET_PT) equations for ET, combined with the Ritchie (R-2) or Suleiman–Ritchie (S–R) methods for soil evaporation. The model was able to simulate daily and cumulative ET (Piracicaba irrigated: RMSE = 1.13–1.75 mm d⁻¹, <i>d</i> = 0.69–0.89 and bias = 4.92%–25.81%; Piracicaba rainfed: RMSE = 1.70–2.02 mm d⁻¹, <i>d</i> = 0.46–0.73 and bias = 21.10%–35.37%; Serra Talhada irrigated: RMSE = 0.95–1.42 mm d⁻¹ and <i>d</i> = 0.45–0.75 and bias = −20.74%–3.19%), daily ET by phenological phase (Piracicaba irrigated: RMSE = 1.60–3.18 mm d⁻¹ and <i>d</i> = 0.18–0.78; Piracicaba rainfed: RMSE = 1.59–2.27 mm d⁻¹ and <i>d</i> = 0.14–0.73; Serra Talhada irrigated: RMSE = 0.62–1.77 mm d⁻¹ and <i>d</i> = 0.54–0.87), WP and WUE (Piracicaba irrigated = 1.08–1.85 mm kg⁻³ and 3.15–4.64 mm kg⁻³; Piracicaba rainfed = 0.79–1.85 mm kg⁻³ and 2.63–4.64 mm kg⁻³; Serra Talhada irrigated = 0.80–1.12 mm kg⁻³ and 2.37–3.09 mm kg⁻³). The ET_PT method with the R-2 approach showed better agreement with observed data in Piracicaba-SP, while the ET_PM method combined with S–R performed better for the data from Serra Talhada-PE.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunovisualization of Spatial Changes in Leaves and Root Tissue Associated With Drought Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Agata Leszczuk,&nbsp;Nataliia Kutyrieva-Nowak,&nbsp;Tomasz Skrzypek","doi":"10.1111/jac.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants have evolved complex cell-type-specific processes to adapt to a dynamic environment, exhibiting distinct signals in response to emerging drought stress. We propose an advanced qualitative and quantitative analysis approach, demonstrating tissue specificity in drought adaptation, which in turn may provide novel biological insights. This study represents the first comparative immunolocalization of cell components in wheat roots and leaves subjected to graded drought stress. Leaf and root samples of wheat were collected at 0, 5, and 20 days under control and drought conditions, and analysed by confocal microscopy. We performed immunofluorescence labeling of specific cellular components in situ, and the acquired data were analysed in terms of changes in quantitative and spatial fluorescence intensity. The qualitative analysis revealed differences in terms of individual components and individual days of the experiment. The quantitative analysis of leaf anatomy showed that the most pronounced changes were observed in the level of proteoglycans (JIM13, JIM15) and polysaccharides (LM5, LM16, LM20). The leaves of plants growing in drought were characterised by severely deformed tissue regions, in which increased secretion of extensins, AGPs, galactans, hemicelluloses, and RG-I was noted. In turn, the qualitative analyses of the microscopy images of roots, along with fluorescence intensity analyses, revealed a significantly higher content of AGP and arabinoxylan in the exodermis in plants grown under drought stress. The amount of LM2-recognised AGPs in the root exodermis increased fourfold after 20 days of drought compared with well-watered controls. Our research has revealed that the changes at the tissue level are spatially localised and highly specific, highlighting the dynamic nature of cell adaptation in response to water stress. The obtained results also emphasise the importance of <i>in planta</i> analyses, which indicate that findings from only single <i>ex planta</i> studies may distort the entire image of changes occurring in the plant as a result of stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}