Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Pollen Fertility of Drought-Stressed Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Improving Antioxidant Metabolism","authors":"Huilian Yu,&nbsp;Kaiyang Zhao,&nbsp;Ke Yan,&nbsp;Yizheng Wen,&nbsp;Zicheng Gao,&nbsp;Shijie Xue,&nbsp;Wenqing Zhao,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhou,&nbsp;Wei Hu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exogenous melatonin (MT) can aid crops in mitigating drought stress, yet its impacts on cotton pollen fertility under drought remain understudied. To address this, a study on the effects of exogenous MT on cotton pollen sterility and internal physiological metabolism under drought stress was conducted. Results showed that although antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased in drought-stressed anthers, yet this was insufficient to balance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which led to higher hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) accumulation, resulting in oxidative stress, manifested by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced pollen viability. Remarkably, the application of MT further bolstered the activities of CAT, POD and SOD in drought-stressed anthers, effectively mitigating the accumulation of O₂⁻ and H₂O₂. This enhancement facilitated the antioxidant defence system under drought conditions. Simultaneously, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was reduced, which prevented the reduction of dehydroascorbate (DHA) to ASA, and the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was destroyed, leading to the accumulation of GSH. Nevertheless, MT application triggered upregulation of both <i>GhDHAR</i> and <i>GhMDHAR</i> expressions, promoting AsA synthesis and regeneration, respectively, thereby elevating AsA levels. Furthermore, MT revitalised APX activity, accelerating the removal of H₂O₂ through AsA-mediated reduction, ultimately restoring the balance of the AsA-GSH cycle and enhancing the overall antioxidant capacity of drought-stressed anthers. In summary, exogenous MT can enhance the scavenging ability of ROS in drought-affected anthers by elevating the activities of CAT, POD and SOD and by enhancing APX activity in the AsA-GSH cycle, thereby alleviating drought-induced oxidative stress and improving pollen fertility under water deficit stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architecture of Adaptive Lignin Biosynthesis Navigating Environmental Stresses in Plants","authors":"Abdul Jalal,&nbsp;Yongli Wang,&nbsp;Chenyang Cai,&nbsp;Aliya Ayaz,&nbsp;Khulood Fahad Alabbosh,&nbsp;Khalid Ali Khan,&nbsp;Song Han,&nbsp;Daochen Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In natural ecosystems, plants are under continuous environmental stresses, compromising plants' survival and propagation. Being sessile in nature, plants evolved various signalling pathways to cope with adverse changing environments, and to optimise their adaptation to terrestrial conditions. The plant cell wall, rich in polymers, is actively engaged in the signalling process. In this context, the phenylpropanoid pathway, producing protective secondary metabolites like flavonoids and lignin, played a crucial role in the early plants' colonisation on land. In this review, we highlighted the current knowledge and the impending gaps of lignin biosynthesis in plants, and the hydrophobic and impervious properties of lignin facilitating effective transportation of solutes and water within vascular system along with its significance to protect plants from environmental stressors either abiotic like temperature, drought, salinity and heavy metals or biotic such as herbivorous insects, root-knot nematodes and phytopathogens. Additionally, the identification of essential biosynthetic genes that play a role in regulating lignin biosynthesis, as well as their contribution to improving stress tolerance through modifications in lignification of cell wall and biochemical mechanisms of lignin in the evolution of land plants are discussed, including the synergistic action of dirigent proteins and laccase in producing monolignol radicals. This discussion provided future research direction to develop genetic engineering approaches to improve lignin in terrestrial plants and develop stress-tolerant plants that will improve the resilience and survival of plants under challenging environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf and Crown Cuticular Wax Responses in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Plants Exposed to Ice Encasement","authors":"Devendra Prasad Chalise,&nbsp;Emily Merewitz","doi":"10.1111/jac.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plant cuticle, the outermost protective layer of most aboveground plant parts, serves as the first line of defence. While its role in various stress responses has been well-studied, its role in ice encasement stress tolerance is unknown. This research aimed to investigate changes in cuticular wax on the leaves and crowns of annual bluegrass after different ice encasement durations (0, 40, and 60 days) and to analyse the relationships between wax levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), and recovery rate. A two-year controlled environment study was conducted during 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 in East Lansing, MI, USA. Higher wax coverage was observed on leaves (61.89 μg cm⁻²) compared to crowns (7.64 μg cm⁻²). On average for leaves and crowns, the highest wax coverage was observed in the 0-day treatment (41.10 μg cm⁻²), whereas the least was observed in the 60 days treatment (27.90 μg cm⁻²). The reduction on wax coverage was primarily due to C₂₆-hexacosanol. A strong negative correlation existed between wax coverage, malondialdehyde content, and electrolyte leakage, whereas wax coverage and recovery rate were strongly positively correlated, indicating that cuticular waxes may help protect against stress damage. Future research should explore these mechanisms further to develop effective strategies for alleviating winter stress in grass species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Harvest: Freezing Temperatures Reduce the Root Yield and Sugar Content of Beta vulgaris L.","authors":"Lihua Wang,&nbsp;Jingjie Chen,&nbsp;Guokai Fan,&nbsp;Rui Chen,&nbsp;Gui Geng,&nbsp;Yao Xu,&nbsp;Yuguang Wang","doi":"10.1111/jac.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sugar beet (<i>Beta vulgaris</i> L.) is the main source of white sugar in northern China, and an optimal harvesting time is key for maximising its yield and sugar content. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of gradually extending harvest times on the growth, physiological characteristics, yield and sucrose accumulation in sugar beet and identify the optimal harvesting time. We conducted a 3-year experiment across different harvesting times from 23 Sep to 28 Oct (harvest every 7 days) to examine the effects of different magnitudes of temperature reduction. The yield and sugar content were the highest in time III (the daily mean/minimum temperature: 9.5°C/5°C) in 2020, time III (the daily mean/minimum temperature: 8.2°C/2°C) and IV (the daily mean/minimum temperature: 10.1°C/2°C) in 2021 and time IV (the daily mean/minimum temperature: 10.5°C/5°C) and V (the daily mean/minimum temperature: 7°C/−1°C) in 2022. The yield and sugar content were low at an early harvest, as the biomass and sucrose accumulation process was not complete. However, the decrease in temperature (daily minimum temperature below 0°C) during late harvest leads to a decrease in the yield and sugar content because of the decreased sucrose accumulation of source leaves, increased sucrose decomposition and the poor transport capacity of phloem in the stem. Therefore, the optimal harvesting time for sugar beet in northern China depends on temperature conditions. It is optimal when (1) the daily minimum temperature gradually decreases to 0°C but not lower than 0°C and when (2) the daily mean temperature is approximately 10°C. This work will help sugar beet producers harvest high-quality crops and reduce unnecessary losses in northern China.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Rice Genotypes Under Submergence Stress and Optimum Condition for Yield Stability Analysis","authors":"Prajjwal Pradhan,&nbsp;Bimal Das,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Victor Phani,&nbsp;Surajit Kundu","doi":"10.1111/jac.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the flood-prone area, the improved high-yielding variety of rice declines its vegetative growth and suffers substantial yield losses due to water stagnation. To address the issue measurement, the present work implemented 45 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replicates over three consecutive years (2018–2021) across submergence (E1, E3, E5) and optimum environments (E2, E4, E6) to assess the adaptability of these genotypes and identify the most desirable type by various stability indices. A significant genotype × environment interaction (GEI) was found in the combined ANOVA of yield and its component traits. The combined analyses of yield component traits through the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) and yield-stability statistics (<i>YSi</i>) found the most promising genotypes G20 and G32, respectively. The mean grain yield advantage was found in G18 under submerged conditions and G25 across the environments. A highly significant correlation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) exists between the stress tolerance index and yield in both submergence (<i>r</i> = 0.96) and normal (<i>r</i> = 0.90) circumstances. Among genotypes G18, G5 and G19, G20 showed strong stability for grain yield based on univariate stability parameters (YSi, σi2, Wi2, S2d and bi). An AMMI1 biplot analysis indicated that genotypes G37, G45, G32, G31, G27, G28, G19, G17 and G7 exhibited stability for grain yields, with IPCA1 values approaching zero. The GGE biplot analysis on yield was constructed into two mega-environments, where G18 (Narkel Chari), G31 (CR Dhan-500), G9 (Bhasha Manik) and G40 (SS-1) were winners of submergence stress and G25 (Narayan Kamini) was the winner of normal environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Salinity, Drought and High Temperature Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties: Theoretical Combination as Multifactorial Stress","authors":"Leandris Argentel-Martínez,&nbsp;Ofelda Peñuelas-Rubio,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pérez-López,&nbsp;Jorge González Aguilera,&nbsp;Fábio Steiner,&nbsp;Alan Mario Zuffo,&nbsp;Rafael Felippe Ratke","doi":"10.1111/jac.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize and wheat are two important cereal crops for the food security of the world population. However, constant climate change and the intensification of anthropic activities have intensified the emergence of stressful environmental in the various agricultural production systems around the world. Therefore, in this study we evaluate the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and grain yield of maize and wheat crops exposed to soil salinity, drought and high temperatures and determine the damage intensity of these stressing conditions and the theoretical multifactorial damage intensity. Field experiments were conducted during the 2022 and 2023 agricultural seasons in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. The treatments consisted of the cultivation of maize and wheat in three stressful production environments (soil salinity, drought and high temperatures) and a non-stressful production environment (Control), with four repetitions. The tolerance and intensity index of abiotic stresses, as well as the intensity of theoretical multifactorial stress (salinity, drought and high temperatures), for morphological traits and grain yield, were calculated. The results reported that physiological traits and yield of maize and wheat are severely affected by drought stress conditions. High temperatures are the second abiotic stress factor that most limits physiological traits and grain yield of maize and wheat crops, being more harmful than soil salinity. The theoretical multifactorial stress has a greater negative impact on the yield of the elite maize and wheat varieties. The sum of a stressful environmental factor increases the intensity of multifactorial stress on grain yield of both cereal crops, especially for maize crop.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Drought Tolerance and Yield Stability of Sorghum Genotypes for Sustainable Agriculture in Sohag, Egypt","authors":"Alaa A. Said,&nbsp;Salah F. Abou-Elwafa,&nbsp;Abdel-Rahman A. Mustafa,&nbsp;Ahmed R. M. Ridwan,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Siddiq,&nbsp;Ali R. A. Moursy,&nbsp;Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman,&nbsp;Nafisa A. M. Mobarak","doi":"10.1111/jac.12787","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.12787","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The major problem in the cultivation of sorghum in the Egyptian agricultural system includes arid climate and water shortage. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of drought conditions on the productivity of 21 different sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.) genotypes at Sohag, Egypt. A set of drought tolerance metrics employed in the present study were Tolerance Index (TOL); Mean Production (MP); Sensitivity to Drought Index (SSI); Stress Tolerance Index (STI); Geometric mean performance (GMP) and Harmonic mean of yield (HARM). A field-controlled experiment was conducted on the two growth seasons (2021 and 2022) concerning the impact of different drought levels on (ET₀ = 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4) Grain Yields (GY) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) for the various studied sorghum genotypes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also conducted on the obtained data of the different yield parameters with the aim of identifying the most effective tolerance indices related to the different genotypes of sorghum under both conditions, optimal and stressed. Drought tolerance varies among different sorghum varieties, which, by their genetic and physiological nature, possess efficient stomatal regulation and deep-rooted systems, enhancing water conservation and physiological functions and hence higher WUE. These are mainly influenced by environmental conditions, such as soil type and moisture levels in the region of Sohag, where such genotypes may exhibit different performances regarding drought stress. It was observed that Giza-15 and Hybrid Sh1 were among the high performers under well-irrigated conditions, and L38 was outstanding during a severe drought in terms of WUE. Therefore, proper genotype selection depends on the irrigation strategy. Hence, the Sohag region presents a good opportunity for further improvement of drought tolerance through designed selection and hybridization activities in sorghum breeders, and this contributes to climate-resilient cultivars by addressing the present agricultural challenges and food security for the present world. Emphasis will be placed by breeders on the development of arid-condition-adapted genotypes and the development of models that can be applied within comparable climates to boost productivity and sustainability for those farmers dependent on this vital crop.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Spell Dynamics Impacting the Productivity of Rainfed Crops Over the Semi-Arid Regions of South-East India","authors":"Santanu Kumar Bal,&nbsp;Koilakonda Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;Kaipa Venkata Subrahmanya Sudheer,&nbsp;Abburi Venkata M. Subba Rao,&nbsp;Kanagala Pavani,&nbsp;Chagam Venkata Chandra Mohan Reddy,&nbsp;Bodireddy Sahadeva Reddy,&nbsp;Malamal Alickal Sarath Chandran,&nbsp;Narayanan Manikandan,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1111/jac.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The crop productivity in rainfed regions is driven by the quantum and distribution of rainfall during the crop growth period. The dry spell index (DSI) was used in the present investigation to quantify the cumulative impact of dry spells on major rainfed crops of the kharif season (June–September) in India's semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh. The effect of DSI on the yield of major rainfed crops, i.e., groundnut, pigeon pea, cotton, maize and pearl millet was estimated and compared with the widely used standard precipitation index (SPI). Our results revealed that among the various districts, a higher DSI (&gt; 16.1) was noticed in Anantapur that experienced a DSI of 8.1–16.0 in 77% of the years during the study period (1998–2019), which indicated that the crop suffered stress conditions during the season affecting the crop yields. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the yields of various crops (groundnut, pigeon pea, maize and pearl millet) and DSI. On the other hand, SPI analysis showed that 74%–83% of the years experienced normal (−0.99 to 0.99) to moderately dry (−1.00 to −1.49) conditions, indicating normal rainfall status during the season. At the same time, no significant correlation was found between the SPI and crop yields. Therefore, the present study revealed that the DSI performed better in quantifying the dry spells and their impact on crop yields, especially under rainfed conditions in the semi-arid regions of south-east India.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Shading on Leaf Anatomical Structure, Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"Kanchan Jumrani,&nbsp;Virender Singh Bhatia,&nbsp;Sajad Hussain,&nbsp;Sunita Kataria,&nbsp;Xinghong Yang,&nbsp;Marian Brestic","doi":"10.1111/jac.12783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12783","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different shade treatments (0%, 35%, 50% and 75%) on physiological traits and yield attributes of two soybean genotypes namely JS 97-52 and JS 95-60. The results clearly showed that plants which were grown under control conditions exhibited the highest values for specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, leaf thickness and stomatal density, whereas the lowest values were observed in plants subjected to 75% shading. Moreover, a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and electron transport rate was observed with decreased solar radiation. Performance index, fluorescence area, Fv/Fo, Fo/fm, ABS/CSo, DIo/CSo, TRo/CSo and ETo/CSo were also reduced under heavy shade. Seed yield was reduced by 24%, 47% and 62% in JS 97-52 and by 51%, 82% and 92% in JS 95-60 under 35%, 50% and 75% shading, respectively, compared to the control conditions. Therefore, to enhance crop productivity under intercropping, the effects of shade should be taken into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.12783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Gene Expression in Soybean (Glycine max) Under Acute Moderated and Severe Elevated Ozone: Unravelling the Role of Antioxidant Defence","authors":"Cong Wang,&nbsp;Long Guo,&nbsp;Jinmeng Li,&nbsp;Shanshan Gao,&nbsp;Juanjuan Kong,&nbsp;Sheng Xu,&nbsp;Yanan Ruan","doi":"10.1111/jac.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing concentrations of ground-level ozone (O₃) resulting from industrialisation and anthropogenic activities present a substantial environmental threat to agricultural productivity, particularly affecting O₃-sensitive crops such as soybeans. The effects of acute O₃ exposure on soybean yield attributes and seed quality and whether soybean showed different detoxification mechanisms in response to moderate and severe O₃ stress are not extensively explored. In this study, soybean seedlings were exposed to moderate (80 nmol mol⁻¹) and acute severe (200 nmol mol⁻¹) O₃ stress, and then growth parameters, yield attributes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties and associated gene expression in the leaves were assessed. The results revealed that moderate O₃ exposure enhanced growth parameters but reduced the 100-grain weight, while acute severe exposure sharply depressed growth parameters, yield attributes and the 100-grain weight. Moderate O₃ fumigation significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels and catalase (CAT) activity from 4 to 32 h. Acute severe O₃ stress induced the overproduction of superoxide anions (O₂^.−) and H₂O₂ during nearly the whole experiment period, but only enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 32 h, and showed no stimulatory effects on CAT activity. Additionally, the relative expression levels of the <i>SOD</i> and <i>CAT</i> gene family in soybean leaves exposed to elevated O₃ were upregulated, peaking at 8 h. Moderate O₃ treatment enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA) levels and increased the activities of AsA–GSH cycle-related enzymes. In contrast, acute severe O₃ exposure inhibited GSH and AsA contents and markedly suppressed AsA–GSH cycle-related enzymes, particularly from 8 to 32 h. Redundancy analysis indicated that CAT and AsA play crucial roles in scavenging O₃-induced ROS under moderate stress, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and GSH were more effective under acute severe stress conditions. These findings provide insights into the differential impacts of acute O₃ stress on soybeans, emphasising the importance of considering both crop yield and grain quality in assessing O₃ risks to crops.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"210 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}