T. Wipiejewski, T. Moriarty, V. Hung, P. Doyle, G. Duggan, D. Barrow, B. McGarvey, M. O'Gorman, T. Calvert, M. Maute, V. Gerhardt, J. Lambkin
{"title":"Gigabits in the home with plugless plastic optical fiber (POF) interconnects","authors":"T. Wipiejewski, T. Moriarty, V. Hung, P. Doyle, G. Duggan, D. Barrow, B. McGarvey, M. O'Gorman, T. Calvert, M. Maute, V. Gerhardt, J. Lambkin","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684535","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed plugless optical transceivers for low cost optical networking with plastic optical fiber (POF). The transmission speed is 125 Mb/s for Ethernet applications and 1.25 Gb/s for Gigabit Ethernet and other high speed applications. The high speed modules for Gigabit transmission are based on a red VCSEL light source for the transmitter that matches the optical attenuation minimum of the plastic fiber media. The devices have demonstrated excellent reliability with more than 850,000 hours of mean-time-to-failure operating life time at elevated temperatures of 40degC. Automotive qualified, rugged resonant cavity LEDs (RCLEDs) are used for the lower speed modules. The plugless transceiver design enables the direct optical connection between the active components and standard POF without the need for special termination of the fiber. Only a simple cutting action is required. This enables low cost field installations.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of thermomechanical interconnection stresses in a high-end portable product","authors":"J. Karppinen, T. Mattila, J. Kivilahti","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684547","url":null,"abstract":"Thermomechanical reliability of electronics has commonly been studied by employing the standard temperature cycling tests. However, due to the localized heating in modern consumer devices, power cycling can be considered a more realistic testing alternative. To better understand the correlation between the thermomechanical loadings caused by the accelerated tests and the real-life operation, a high-end portable device was used to study the stresses and strains induced during both test conditions. Power cycling was executed by running the device's built-in functions to closely represent the typical use. The thermal response was measured with the thermal camera and the displacements quantified with the optical Topography and Deformation Measurement system (TDM). Deformation measurements were also carried out in power cycling at the elevated temperature of 40degC and temperature cycling from room temperature up to 40degC, 60degC, 80degC and 100degC. The induced stresses to interconnections were calculated from the measured displacements with the help of the finite element method. The TDM measurements showed considerable warpage of the printed wiring board during all the tests. The stress and strain fields within component interconnections were not uniform due to the asymmetric design of the device. However, the relative stress distributions were similar in both power and thermal cycling, implying that the method of heating does not markedly influence the stress distribution. In addition, it was found out that the device casing and mounting of the circuit board significantly affect the local strains. The observed stresses and strains serve as a valuable guide in the further development of more realistic and comprehensive reliability testing methods.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121059381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser assisted polymer bonding technology for advanced MEMS packaging","authors":"J. Zeng, C.H. Wang","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684528","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a laser assisted polymer bonding process using benzocyclobutene (BCB) for encapsulation of MEMS and other microscale sensor devices. The polymer rings were fabricated on capping substrates using the photosensitive BCB resin and photolithography and then bonded onto device substrates to form microcavities for MEMS packaging. A high-power fibre-coupled diode laser at the wavelength of 970 nm was used as the heat source for BCB bonding/curing in conjunction with novel beam forming optics that allows selective illumination of the substrates to be joined. Defect free bonding was realised in 10 seconds using laser power of order 50 W and 1 kgf of bonding force. The quality of the laser produced polymer bond was assessed using optical inspection and leak test and it was shown that it is as good as that formed using conventional hotplate based approach, but reducing the bonding time by a factor of ~100.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Engelien, N. Beshchasna, M. Braunschweig, J. Uhlemann, K. Wolter
{"title":"Property evaluations of polymers used as housing material for passivation of electronic devices","authors":"E. Engelien, N. Beshchasna, M. Braunschweig, J. Uhlemann, K. Wolter","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684359","url":null,"abstract":"In electronics, and especially in medicine technology, the significance of polymers rises at the present time. According to various publications about properties of polymers from different manufacturers, polymers have good dielectric properties, high conformity of coating, low permeability and high stability. Consequently, polymers are a good choice for many different applications. They allow flexible passivation for protection against harmful substances from dust to molecules in liquids. In this context the determination of the diffusion coefficient allows important insight into the protection performance of different polymers. At the example of a 1% NaCl-solution the permeability of different housing materials was measured as a parameter of their protection performance. These tests were broadened by experiments of the optic and geometric surface properties and the determination of the materialspsila adhesion forces. As housing polymers of electronic devices were examined a non-elastic and a flexible solder resist, a sealing wax, a sole gel as well as a Chlor-Poly-Para-Xylylen.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High voltage batteries for maritime applications","authors":"M. Alcaraz, S. D. de Haan, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684412","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of electric power in maritime and mobile applications comprises the use of multiple mechanical, electrochemical and electronic components and systems that make it a complex undertaking and an interesting system integration problem. The integration of such systems is often complicated although equally complex systems have been integrated successfully into smaller, higher powered single dasiaall-in-one-boxpsila devices. The electrochemical part of the system generally consists of lead-acid batteries commonly found in such vessels; the purpose of this paper is to show the possibility of reducing the volume and weight of the batteries for this type of system by the means of using high voltage hybrid battery packs, which will comprise lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, dc/dc converters and protection electronics for monitoring.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125154779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the flow properties of adhesives in electronic packaging","authors":"A. Paproth, J. Kolbe","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684538","url":null,"abstract":"Adhesives in electronic packaging processes are applied in finer and finer structures and in very small quantities. The quality of adhesives is accompanied by the growing requirements on their application, such as screen and stencil printing, stamping and inkjet. The application of adhesives depends on their rheological behaviour. Technical data sheets give viscosity values that have been determined using simple, standardised analytical methods. It is impossible to select an adhesive for an application on the basis of these values alone. Even today, it is still necessary to test the adhesives directly in the application process. This is a complex and time-consuming procedure and does not produce any transfer results. The key to overcoming these problems lies in the rheology of adhesives. The quality of applying an adhesive is crucially influenced by its flow behaviour. In the past, the rheological behaviour of adhesives was under investigation for screen and stencil printing and was described and published in a previous paper. This work is continued and focuses on adhesive application in stamping and ink jet printing thereby taking account of the rheological behaviour. Different adhesives were used in these studies. The application behaviour and the evenness of the deposits were evaluated. The flow behaviour of the adhesives was characterised in detail. Adhesives for inkjet printing with Newtonian flow behaviour with and without polymer additives were investigated. For the application by stamping, a correlation was found between storage modulus and loss factor on the one hand and the adhesive amount transferred on the other. This paper presents some of the research results obtained for stamping and inkjet concerning the correlation between the rheological properties of adhesives and their application behaviour. The critical rheological value is indicated and characterised.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114053494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key Standards for BT’s 21st Century Network","authors":"K. Dickerson, J. Dixon","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684324","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the main principles and architecture underlying BTpsilas 21st century network (21CN) and identifies the key standards that are being developed to enable it to be deployed cost effectively. The importance of the standards being developed by the IEEE SA in this deployment is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125100895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of die attached AlN-DBC module using Zn-Sn high temperature lead-free solders","authors":"Seongjun Kim, Keun-Soo Kim, G. Izuta, K. Suganuma","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684383","url":null,"abstract":"Interfacial reaction and reliability of Si die attached joints with Zn-xSn (chi= 20, 30, 40 wt%) were investigated, and Pb-5wt%Sn, and Au-20wt% were compared as a typical high temperature solder alloy. The joining strength of Cu/solder/Cu joints was investigated using the as soldered joints and thermal cycled joints up to 2000 cycles. At the interface with Si die coated with Au/TiN thin layers, the TiN layer did not react with the solder and worked as a good protective layer. At the interface with Cu, for Zn-Sn solders, CuZn5 and Cu5Zn8 IMC layers was confirmed. Au-20Sn and Pb-5Sn solder forms zeta-Au5Sn and Cu3Sn IMC layers at the interface with Cu, respectively. For improving the joint reliability, TiN layer was proposed as a protective layer and was applied to the DBC substrates. For the die attached joints on DBC substrates coated with Au/TiN thin layers, no fatigue crack has been found until 1000 cycles of thermal cycling test. The joining strength of the Cu/solder/Cu joints with Zn-Sn solder was about 30~34 MPa, which was higher than that of Pb-5Sn solder (26.2 MPa). For the thermal cycled Cu/solder/Cu joints up to 2000cycles, Zn-Sn solder also shows the higher joining strength than that of Pb-5Sn solder.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122517312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global joint effort to solve electronics supply chain technology issues","authors":"Richard Bergman, M. Andrews, P. Collander","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684410","url":null,"abstract":"High Density Packaging User Group, HDPUG, is an international consortium working with specific, most urgent, technology issues related to the changing world of electronics industry needs and complex supply chains. The organisation has for 12 years offered industrial top players a collaborative base for analysing, testing and improving emerging technologies at and before their public introduction. Suppliers and users working together at that stage improve business efficiency and performance up and down the supply chain.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131362579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability of ceramic microwave packages for space applications","authors":"M. Mach, J. Muller, K. Drue, G. Prinz","doi":"10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESTC.2008.4684523","url":null,"abstract":"Packaging of microwave components and systems for space use is very challenging since high frequency, thermal and hermeticity aspects need to be considered. Furthermore, these packages have to be reliable under various environmental work conditions. Ball Grid Array (BGA) or Land Grid Array (LGA) packages are typically used for microwave applications. BGAs are better investigated in terms of reliability than LGAs. However, LGAs offer a lower profile than BGAs which might be advantageous with regard to mechanical shock and vibration. Prior to the reliability investigations of packages a screening test of silver, silver-palladium and silver- platinum thick film pastes was made to identify the optimum combination of pad metal and solder. The best thick film pastes with the highest shear forces before and after aging were DP6116 for SAC and DP6146 for SnPbAg. Three different sizes (5times7.5 mm2, 10times15 mm2, 14times20 mm2) of LTCC-LGA were investigated on reliability to determine the critical package size. Two different base board materials were included in the thermal cycling test between -40degC and 125degC (glued microwave PCB on an aluminium base plate and standard FR4). The aluminium board construction showed poor reliability of only 100 to maximal 300 cycles for both solders. FR4 boards offered a much better performance from 600 to over 1000 cycles.","PeriodicalId":146584,"journal":{"name":"2008 2nd Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131482633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}