Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Abscisic acid regulates maternal behavior in rats via PPARγ receptors and hypothalamic oxytocin signaling.","authors":"B Majdzadeh, M Abbasnejad, R Kooshki, S Esmaeili-Mahani, R Raoof","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50366.7434","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50366.7434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abscisic acid (ABA) is present in brain regions associated with parental care and aggression. Maternal care is pivotal in early mammalian development, significantly influencing emotional regulation, stress resilience, and adaptive fitness in offspring.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study investigates the influence of intra-paraventricular nucleus (PVN) administration of ABA on maternal behavioral responsiveness in lactating female rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On postpartum day 5, lactating rats (n=6 per group) received intra-PVN injections of ABA (5, 10, or 20 µg/rat) via stereotaxic surgery. Ten min after injection, maternal behaviors, including durations of low and high kyphosis, pup retrieval times, and durations of body and anogenital licking were recorded for 1 h. Additionally, the percentage of oxytocin-immunoreactive cells in brain was quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ABA administration (20 μg/rat) significantly enhanced most maternal behavior indices (P<0.05). These ABA-induced improvements in maternal care were significantly inhibited by GW9662, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist (P<0.01). Furthermore, ABA treatment significantly increased number of oxytocin-immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular (Pe) and anterior parvocellular parts (PaAP) of the PVN (P<0.001); this increase was reversed to control levels following blockade of PPARγ receptors (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that central ABA administration can enhance maternal care behaviors in lactating rats, potentially through activation of PPARγ signaling and increased expression of oxytocin in the maternal brain. However, further research is required to determine whether ABA has a physiological role under normal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 3","pages":"309-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> exopolysaccharides exert immunomodulatory function by regulating Th1 and Th2 responses in mice.","authors":"Q Gong, D D Fu, M Zhang, J W Liu, J Y Tian","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.53669.8038","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.53669.8038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Our previous study demonstrated that exopolysaccharides (EPS) from <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (<i>L. plantarum</i>) act as an effective adjuvant. They can enhance both the immune response elicited by the oprH recombinant subunit vaccine against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and the protective efficacy in experimental animals. However, it is not clear whether oral administration of <i>L. plantarum</i> EPS can promote immune function in experimental animals.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to explore the immunoregulatory function of <i>L. plantarum</i> EPS in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EPS was extracted from <i>L. plantarum</i>. EPS was then orally administered to the mice at doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg for 20 consecutive days. After 10 and 20 days, the immune organ index, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages, serum hemolysin, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation of mice were measured. The concentrations of IgG1, IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in serum were measured using ELISA. The percentage of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes subpopulations and the expression of transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in the mouse spleen cells were measured by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>L. plantarum</i> EPS could induce high levels of immune organ index, DTH reaction, phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages, serum hemolysin, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, serum IgG1, IgG2a, Th1-type cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-10, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte, CD8⁺ T lymphocyte, T cell transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3, and has a certain dose-dependency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>L. plantarum</i> EPS can concurrently upregulate both Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice, with this effect being more pronounced, particularly at the high dose. Our study provides a theoretical basis for research on <i>L. plantarum</i> EPS in veterinary.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 4","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine semen evaluation using a new configuration of the CASA system.","authors":"R Belala, M K Arkoub, M Medjkoune, N Mimoune","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.51159.7581","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.51159.7581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For many years, the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) has been one standard in the laboratory for semen evaluation, with no clear description of a species-specific setup.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to adjust the cell detection parameters (Head Brightness Minimum \"HBM\" and Head Size Minimum \"AREA\") of the CASA system and to assess their effects on evaluating canine semen, specifically concentration and motility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this purpose, 20 ejaculates were collected from six dogs and subjected to microscopic assessment of motility, concentration evaluation using the SDM1 photometer, cell counting using a Neubauer chamber, and kinetic and morphometric analysis using the HT-IVOS II CASA system. Each CASA analysis was recorded, and then the video was re-analyzed by changing the two cell detection parameters (HBM and AREA). A total of 27 settings were used, and 560 CASA assessments were performed. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the HT-IVOS II CASA system provided an average concentration value (287.17 million spermatozoa (SPZ)/ml) much closer to that obtained by the reference method, Neubauer counting (286.45 million SPZ/ml), compared to the photometer (260.35 million SPZ/ml), which deviated from the gold standard technique by 26 million. In contrast, the IVOS with the adjusted setting (HBM140, AREA4) only presented a difference of 0.5. The IVOS II with the adjusted showing a strong correlation with the Neubauer count and the SDM photometer, with a correlation coefficient of R= 0.94. A perfect concordance was recorded between total and progressive motility evaluated by conventional microscopy and the percentages of motile and progressive sperm analyzed by HT-IVOS at values 120 and 140 for the HBM and 4 and 6 μm² for the AREA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An optimal cell detection parameter setting (HBM: 140 and AREA: 4 μm²) was selected and proposed for the HT-IVOS II CASA system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 3","pages":"229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13378054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and genotyping of <i>Theileria</i> <i>equi</i> infection within the equine population in Giza, Egypt, using real-time PCR as compared with conventional detection methods.","authors":"A M Soliman, N M Elhawary, N M Helmy, M A El-Seify, M M Amer, S Mohamed, F U Memon, M H O Rashid, S M Gadelhaq","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.51028.7553","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.51028.7553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine piroplasmosis represents one of the main and serious health problems affecting the equines industry globally, caused by a tick-borne protozoa called <i>Theileria equi</i> and <i>Babesia caballi</i>. <b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to identify and genotype <i>T. equi</i> within the equine population from Giza Governorate, Egypt, by comparing the obtained results using the available diagnostic methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected 116 apparently healthy horses from the study area during the first half of 2019 to identify <i>T. equi</i> using real-time PCR (qPCR), targeting the <i>18S rRNA</i> gene. The results were compared with those from microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears and conventional PCR. Genotyping of the obtained sequences was also conducted to explore the genetic diversity of the detected <i>T. equi</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, our samples were grouped into clusters corresponding to genotype A and genotype E. Our results demonstrated that the qPCR had the highest sensitivity (100%) followed by conventional PCR (68%) while microscopic examination had the lowest sensitivity (38%). Furthermore, the negative predictive value (NPV) of qPCR was the highest (100%) compared with conventional PCR and microscopical examination (80.49% and 68.04%, respectively) which revealed that negative cases detected by qPCR were certainly correct compared with the other two diagnostic assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is highly recommended to incorporate PCR diagnostic assays alongside microscopic examination to evaluate the epidemiological status of equine piroplasmosis. Also, our study demonstrated that <i>T. equi</i> genotype A and genotype E are circulating among Egyptian horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 2","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12571432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in Holstein dairy cows naturally affected by <i>Escherichia coli</i> mastitis.","authors":"H A Hoseini-Doltabady, E Heidari Arjlo, M Muhaghegh-Dolatabady, M Ghaderi-Zefrehei","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49388.7250","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49388.7250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine mastitis, the most common and costly disease, is characterized by mammary gland inflammation. In dairy cattle, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, one of the main causes of mastitis and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a prominent virulence factor. The LPS is responsible for stimulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are key components of the early response of the host's innate immunity and plays an important role in the subsequent inflammatory response to eliminate the infection.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of some pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (<i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IFN-γ</i>, and <i>GM-CSF</i>) in milk somatic cells of healthy cows and naturally infected cattle with <i>E. coli</i> in their first lactation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Milk samples were aseptically collected from six healthy cows and six cows with clinical mastitis. In animals with mastitis, those in which the cause of mastitis was only <i>E. coli</i> bacteria were selected for further research. Total RNA was extracted from the somatic cells of milk, the first strand cDNA was synthesized and real-time PCR was performed for the studied genes. As reference genes, <i>β-actin</i> and <i>GAPDH</i> were used to normalize the data. The REST and SAS programs analyzed the real-time data for significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were expressed in all healthy cows and in cows with clinical mastitis. The expression profiles of cytokine genes showed significantly higher expression of the <i>IL-8</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IFN-γ</i>, and <i>GM-CSF</i> (P<0.01) in cows with clinical mastitis compared with animals free of infection. Expression correlations were widely varied between all pairs of genes in healthy animals and those affected by mastitis. In healthy animals, a significant positive correlation was found between the mRNA expression of <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-8</i> genes (P<0.01). In addition, the mRNA levels of the GM-CFS showed a significant positive correlation with the expressions of both <i>IL-6</i> and <i>IL-8</i> genes (P<0.01). In cows suffering from clinical mastitis, an interesting finding was the presence of significant positive correlations between the mRNA levels of the <i>GM-CFS</i> and the expression levels of <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, <i>IFN-</i>, and <i>TNF-α</i> genes (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that the <i>IL-8</i>, <i>GM-CFS</i>, <i>IFN-</i>, and especially <i>TNF-α</i> genes could be strong indicators of the early response of the immune system in the mammary gland of dairy cows naturally infected by <i>E. coli</i>. However, further studies should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 2","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12571433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of topical NPH-insulin use on wound healing and oxidative stress in alkali corneal burns: an experimental study in a rabbit model.","authors":"B Kurt, L Balyen, O Atakişi, S Yiğit, U Aydin, I Özaydin","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.47545.6867","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.47545.6867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In acute alkali corneal burns, the routine treatment protocol includes suppressing inflammation using corticosteroids. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of insulin in wound healing research due to its remarkable positive effects.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the healing effects of dexamethasone -the conventional approach- and NPH-insulin on alkali corneal burns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An alkali corneal burn was created using Ca (OH)₂ in all subjects. One group (n=6) was treated with an ophthalmic ointment containing dexamethasone (group I), and another group (n=6) was treated with an insulin ointment (group II). The control group (n=6) received no treatment (group III). Clinical changes in the corneal burn areas were monitored on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. The animals were euthanized on day 21. The excised corneas were examined for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A more successful clinical recovery graph was drawn for group II. Particularly, a significant (P<0.05) improvement was detected in group II on day 21. The highest positivity in MMP-9 corneal staining was found in group I. Group II had a significant (P<0.05) increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values. The treatment groups showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in total oxidant content (TOC) values and a significant (P<0.05) increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical NPH-insulin provided rapid and uncomplicated clinical recovery of alkali corneal burns. Insulin and dexamethasone showed similar effects like increased antioxidant molecules and decreased oxidant substances which indicated that insulin may prevent free radical formation in the cornea.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 3","pages":"202-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of <i>Brucella</i> infection in raw milk of livestock in Famenin, West part of Iran.","authors":"M Adabi, J Gharekhani, S Alamian, M Varasteh Shams, M Fathi Sheikh, Z Shivapour, Z Valiei, S Khazaiee, H Ghaderi","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49557.7292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49557.7292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely diagnosis of brucellosis is the starting point for effective programs to control brucellosis in humans and animals. <b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to detect <i>Brucella</i> infection in milk samples from livestock in Famenin, an endemic region of western Iran, using a milk ring test and molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 738 raw milk samples were randomly collected from cattle, sheep, and goats. Milk samples were screened using the milk ring test (MRT). In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was applied to detect <i>Brucella</i> spp. in all MRT-positive samples. DNA from the milk samples was extracted and used for PCR using the <i>BCSP31</i> and <i>IS711</i> loci.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the samples tested using MRT, 46 (6.23%, 95% CI: 2.83-9.63%) yielded positive results. Of the 46 seropositive samples, 42 (91.30%) were from sheep and 4 (8.70%) were from goats, while no bovine samples had positive MRT results. PCR analysis confirmed that 78.26% (36/46) of MRT-positive samples belonged to the genus <i>Brucella</i>. Furthermore, 83.33% (30/36) of the confirmed samples were identified as <i>B. melitensis</i>, while 16.66% (6/36) were identified as <i>B. abortus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained from MRT evaluation of milk samples did not align entirely with the findings of the molecular examinations. The PCR method has minimal biological contamination and high sensitivity and accuracy, especially for determining <i>Brucella</i> species. Raw milk should be routinely assessed for <i>Brucella</i> contamination. This work is necessary to identify hidden infections and break the chain of transmission of brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing analysis of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in milk in Kwara State, Nigeria.","authors":"I Ghali-Mohammed, I A Odetokun, I A Raufu, V O Adetunji","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49643.7307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49643.7307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a major cause of poor microbial quality of milk, often resulting from unhygienic milk handling. Milk contamination poses public health concerns. Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) strains in food products, particularly milk, is a critical concern for public health. Limited information exists on the detection of non-O157 <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes in milk sold by local processors in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to explore the diversity of non-O157 STEC isolates found in commercially available milk in Kwara State, Nigeria, to find the genetic diversity and potential risks associated with these strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subgroup of 18 representative non-O157 STEC isolated from milk samples (n=1225) was selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four novel sequence types (ST): ST398, ST540, ST1727, and ST9891 of non-O157 <i>E. coli</i> involving five serotypes: O176:H30, O176:H20, O8:H20, O21:H45, and O22:H7, carrying variable proportions of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmids, were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation contributes valuable data to the ongoing efforts to ensure food safety and prevent the transmission of <i>E. coli</i> strains through dairy products. The findings have implications for public health policies and food quality standards in Kwara State, Nigeria. Improved hygienic practices during milk handling are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic detection of multi drug resistant coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolates from canine pyoderma.","authors":"K Shobha, S N Ghodasara, D B Barad, B B Javia, P J Poshiya, D K Parasana","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49531.7283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49531.7283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatological infections in dogs are challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance, which leads to longer recovery time and the need for stronger antibiotics. <b>Aims:</b> This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pyoderma infection in dogs. This study also aimed to identify isolates with methicillin-resistance and multidrug resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>73 coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from varying degrees of canine pyoderma cases. The samples were analyzed for the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resistance against antibiotics was studied by antimicrobial profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR on isolated bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 75 bacterial isolates identified, 73 isolates were confirmed as <i>Staphylococcus</i> species by PCR. A higher percentage of antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin-G (46.27%), followed by amoxiclav (38.81%), enrofloxacin (32.84%), cefpodoxime, oxytetracycline (28.36% each), levofloxacin (26.86%), and co-trimoxazole (22.39%). 29 (49.15%) S. pseudintermedius<i>,</i> three (50.00%) S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans<i>,</i> and two (100%) S. aureus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. However, one (1.49%) isolate (S. pseudintermedius) revealed low-level mupirocin resistance in the E-test. Also, 12 (20.34%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), one (16.67%) methicillin-resistant S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans (MRSS) and one (50%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were reported using PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study helps to understand the increased level and pattern of resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from different types of canine pyoderma cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic characterization of tendons and ligaments of palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in Egyptian donkeys.","authors":"S Gadallah, A Sharshar, M Fadel, E Mahran, A Hammad","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47480.6859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47480.6859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a scarcity of data regarding the ultrasonographic characterization of tendons and ligaments in the distal limbs of donkeys.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine ultrasonographic characteristics of normal tendons and ligaments at the palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in Egyptian donkeys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>B-mode ultrasonography was conducted for the proposed tendons and ligaments in 12 clinically normal donkeys. Targeted structures were examined using transverse and longitudinal scans and evaluated in shape, echogenicity, echogenic pattern, fiber alignment pattern, and cross-sectional area (CSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using transverse scan, the sonographic shapes of tendons and ligaments of metacarpal and metatarsal regions were determined. Upon examining different levels of each region, specific ligaments, not tendons, were present only at the higher levels. The echogenicity of ligaments and tendons was either similar or variable across different levels. All tendons and ligaments displayed homogeneous echogenicity except for the suspensory ligament. In the longitudinal scan, tendons maintained linear and parallel fiber alignment along examination levels. Conversely, ligaments displayed mostly inconstant fiber patterns (linear/crimp). There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in CSA of tendons and ligaments between certain levels within metacarpal and metatarsal regions. Upon comparing metacarpal and metatarsal regions, there were distinct variations in some ultrasonographic characteristics of the same tendons and ligaments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established the ultrasonographic features of normal tendons and ligaments at the palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>). These ultrasonographic data can be a reference guide when cannon region lameness is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}