Phenotypic and genotypic detection of multi drug resistant coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. isolates from canine pyoderma.

Background: Dermatological infections in dogs are challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance, which leads to longer recovery time and the need for stronger antibiotics. Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pyoderma infection in dogs. This study also aimed to identify isolates with methicillin-resistance and multidrug resistance.

Methods: 73 coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from varying degrees of canine pyoderma cases. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resistance against antibiotics was studied by antimicrobial profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR on isolated bacteria.

Results: Out of 75 bacterial isolates identified, 73 isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus species by PCR. A higher percentage of antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin-G (46.27%), followed by amoxiclav (38.81%), enrofloxacin (32.84%), cefpodoxime, oxytetracycline (28.36% each), levofloxacin (26.86%), and co-trimoxazole (22.39%). 29 (49.15%) S. pseudintermedius, three (50.00%) S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, and two (100%) S. aureus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. However, one (1.49%) isolate (S. pseudintermedius) revealed low-level mupirocin resistance in the E-test. Also, 12 (20.34%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), one (16.67%) methicillin-resistant S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans (MRSS) and one (50%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were reported using PCR.

Conclusion: This study helps to understand the increased level and pattern of resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from different types of canine pyoderma cases.