{"title":"Sensitivity evaluation of a modified real-time reverse-transcription PCR primer to detect a measles virus variant in Japan in 2024.","authors":"Takako Kurata, Daiki Kanbayashi, Atsushi Kaida, Saeko Morikawa, Satoshi Hiroi, Yuki Hirai, Mei Koyama, Takeshi Miyama, Noriyuki Otsuki, Kazushi Motomura","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A measles outbreak occurred in Japan in February 2024 due to a measles virus variant that was imported from central Asian countries with three mismatches at the PCR reverse primer (MVN1213R) annealing site. To examine and improve the impact of real-time PCR effectiveness for detecting this variant, we compared the sensitivity of real-time PCR between MVN1213R and a modified primer using control RNAs, clinical isolates, and clinical specimens. The median difference in the cycle threshold value was 2.92 (interquartile range, IQR 1.99-3.38) lower using the modified primer compared with MVN1213R. Thus, PCR primer sets should be modified to effectively detect this measles virus mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the shortened quarantine policy among healthcare personnel in the cancer center setting during the Omicron epidemic in Japan: A descriptive epidemiological study.","authors":"Yuka Kudo-Nagata, Takahiro Ozawa, Tami Watanabe, Masako Sakurada, Noritaka Sekiya","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Updating and evaluating facility-based guidance in cancer centers for managing healthcare personnel (HCP) with close contact with individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging because these settings are typically excluded from general guidance, and practical data on this population are limited. This study aimed to describe whether apparent outbreaks occurred under the updated protocol in the real-world setting of a cancer center. From July 2022 to January 2023, 402 HCP who had close contact with an individual with COVID-19 were identified and divided into two groups: the separation group, which underwent a five-day quarantine with physical isolation (172 HCP), and the cohabitation group, which followed a ten-day quarantine (227 HCP). A nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was conducted the day before the HCP returned to work. Data from their medical records were retrospectively collected and analyzed. As a primary outcome, no outbreaks due to post-quarantine transmission from close-contacted HCP were observed throughout the study period in either group. Our findings suggested a 5-day quarantine for HCP with close contact with COVID-19 might be applicable in cancer center settings if combined with NAAT before returning to work without increasing the risk of apparent outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesocestoides vogae infection in dogs: confusion with echinococcosis.","authors":"Yasuyuki Morishima, Hiromu Sugiyama","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe six independent cases of Mesocestoides infection in dogs presenting with diarrhea. Between November 2022 and August 2024, we were consulted by veterinarians regarding the identification of a species of small tapeworm excreted in dog feces. These veterinarians suspected the organism was Echinococcus multilocularis and believed it should be reported to health centers as a notifiable disease. Segmented and unsegmented worms, approximately 600 to 1,400 µm in length, were recovered from fecal samples. Microscopically, the worms had four suckers on the scolex but no rostellum. Subsequent molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 and 12S rDNA genes revealed that all cases involved Mesocestoides vogae. Affected dogs were treated with an anthelmintic, and the diarrhea disappeared immediately. Perhaps due to the heavy infection load, the host animals developed diarrhea, and the parasite was likely expelled before reaching maturity. These small tapeworms with few proglottids could therefore confuse veterinarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of rapid amplicon-based nanopore sequencing using the latest chemistry for accurate whole genome analysis of influenza A virus in clinical samples.","authors":"Yumani Kuba, Nobuhiro Takemae, Satoshi Kawato, Kunihiro Oba, Kiyosu Taniguchi, Tsutomu Kageyama","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MinION sequencing is widely used to sequence influenza A virus (IAV) genomes; however, the accuracy and utility of this approach, using the latest chemistry to obtain whole viral genome sequences directly from clinical samples, remain insufficiently investigated. We evaluated the sequencing accuracy of combining simultaneous multisegment one-step RT-PCR and MinION sequencing using various subtypes of 13 IAV isolates. The latest R10.4.1 chemistry significantly improved sequencing accuracy, achieving ≥99.993% identity with Illumina MiSeq results and reducing the single nucleotide deletion in homopolymer regions. Applying this method to 11 clinical samples enabled rapid subtype identification and the acquisition of eight full-length IAV genomes. In four of these samples, subtype identification of HA and NA was achieved within 20 min after the start of sequencing and a full-length IAV genome was obtained within 7 h after RNA extraction. However, there was concern that cross barcode misassignment during demultiplexing affected data interpretation, particularly for samples with low viral genome copy numbers. This approach can be used for the rapid identification of IAV subtypes and accurate acquisition of full IAV genome sequences from clinical samples, although careful data analysis is required for the multiplex sequencing of clinical samples with low viral genome copy numbers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus antibodies in Madhesh Province, Dhanusha, Nepal.","authors":"Sandesh Rimal, Sabin Shrestha, Aashma Khadka, Mami Matsuda, Ryosuke Suzuki, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Basu Dev Pandey","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are thought to have similar routes of transmission and epidemiology in developing countries. This study investigated the seroprevalences of these pathogens among healthy individuals in the Dhanusha district of Madesh Province, Nepal. Ninety serum samples collected between 2022 and 2023 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies against HAV and HEV. Individuals (median age, 23 years; range, 1-45 years) were sorted into five age groups: 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and 41-45 years. Prevalences of HAV and HEV IgGs were 96.7% and 13.3%, respectively. All age groups showed very high positivity rates for HAV antibodies. In contrast, HEV infection rates were extremely low in children, and rapidly increased in adults >31 years old. No significant correlation was found between HAV and HEV seropositivity. Additional studies including other areas in Nepal are required for nationwide sero-surveillance against HAV and HEV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of recombinant type of human adenovirus C composed of type 89 and type 5 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 2016-2019.","authors":"Emi Hirose, Hiroko Minagawa, Hirokazu Adachi, Masakazu Suzuki, Noriko Nakamura, Noriko Saito, Miyabi Ito, Chikako Mitsuoka, Katsuhiko Sato, Yoshihiro Yasui","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have been reported from many countries, including Japan. We report a recombinant HAdV-C type detected in feces with gastroenteritis infection or throat swabs with upper respiratory tract inflammation of six children in Aichi Prefecture. This type may have been prevalent in the area. Between April 2014 and March 2019, we attempted to detect HAdVs in 9,483 specimens (fecal, throat swab, urine, and conjunctival swab) collected from patients with suspected viral infection. A total of 220 HAdV-C isolates were obtained and serotyped by neutralization test (NT). Of these, 62 HAdV-C strains (HAdV-C1: 15, -C2: 19, -C5: 22, -C6: 6) were genotyped by sequencing for the three regions, penton base, hexon, and fiber regions, respectively. All 62 strains were grouped into the same genotype as serotype for the hexon and fiber region. In contrast, phylogenetic analysis showed 6 of the 22 strains with serotype HAdV-C5 were grouped into HAdV-C89 for the penton base region. This type was detected as a recombinant HAdV causing SARI in China between 2017 and 2021, was found to have been persistently detected in transnational Aichi Prefecture over the same period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tokyo Metropolitan Government external quality assessment of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests for clinics in 2023.","authors":"Rie Moriuchi, Ryouta Inaba, Miyuki Nagano, Mayuko Oda, Takayuki Shinkai, Toshihisa Noguchi, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Itaru Nishizuka, Yoshikazu Ishii","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An external quality assessment (EQA) on nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted among clinics that introduced testing instrument through the Tokyo Subsidy Program for Facilities and Equipment for Testing in COVID-19 in 2023. The survey samples consisted of sample 1 (20,000 copies/mL), sample 2 (10,000 copies/mL), and negative sample. Results were obtained through Cycle threshold (Ct) values as well as positive-negative result determinations. On-site technical support was provided to the clinics that responded incorrectly. A total of 544 clinics (589 instruments) participated, and Abbott's ID NOW <sup>TM</sup> (82.2%) was the most widely used in this survey. The qualitative test results showed high correctness rates, 95.2% for sample 1, 93.2% for sample 2, and 96.3% for negative sample. Differences in Ct values were observed among reagents and instruments. Technical support were provided to 63 clinics. It revealed that discrepancies of qualitative test were mainly due to deviations from the protocol instructions, mixing all three survey samples into one vial and errors caused by foaming. This survey was unique in that the participants were mostly end-users who were not laboratory testing specialists and mainly used point-of-care testing instruments. It is important to continue EQA to improve and maintain testing accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lang Rao, Mei Yang, Li-Yu Chen, Li-Huang Chen, Yong-Hong Lu, Ying Wang, Yan-Yan Feng
{"title":"Monkeypox outbreak 2023 in Chengdu, China: an observational study.","authors":"Lang Rao, Mei Yang, Li-Yu Chen, Li-Huang Chen, Yong-Hong Lu, Ying Wang, Yan-Yan Feng","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by monkeypox virus infection and formerly this disease had been endemic mainly in Africa. Since May 2022, the disease has rapidly spread across the world and some imported case was confirmed sporadically in China. Under these circumstances, data of confirmed cases were collected consecutively in Chengdu, southwest China to investigate clinical and epidemiological characteristics. In this study, 28 male patients were confirmed to have monkeypox infection, with 26 identifying as MSM (men who have sex with men). Typical lesions included papules, pustular papules, vesicles, scabs and ulcerations. The most common sites of skin lesions were anogenital and perineal areas, three patients developed a widespread exanthem. Seven patients reported a history of sexual transmitted diseases, no one was hospitalized and there were no deaths. Three instances of secondary transmission were identified among close contacts, all of them were sexual partners of our participants. Furthermore, this observation provides insights of the public health for surveillance of this emerging disease and raises awareness among people at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of an Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens in Toyama, Japan, 2023 Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis for Genotyping.","authors":"Kazuki Saito, Keiko Kimata, Masanori Watahiki, Junko Isobe, Jun-Ichi Kanatani, Kaho Ikeda, Takashi Takeuchi, Chiharu Matsuzaki, Kazunori Oishi","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.189","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2024.189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridium perfringens, which produces C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), is a major cause of food poisoning because of its gastrointestinal toxicity. In outbreaks of C. perfringens, genotyping is important for identifying the source. We genotyped strains isolated from an outbreak of food poisoning in Toyama Prefecture in 2023, using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. The strains of C. perfringens were isolated from samples of curry consumed by all the affected patients and from the feces of patients and staff worker. The enterotoxin gene (cpe) was detected in isolates from patients and curry samples. The cpe-negative isolates were found in patients who had consumed curry and in the staff worker. The results of the SNP analysis suggested that the patient and curry isolates were likely from the same source but were unlikely to be related to the staff isolates. The results of SNP and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses were consistent, indicating that the patient and curry isolates originated from the same source. SNP analysis, a whole-genome-based genotyping method, is a promising alternative to traditional PFGE for investigating outbreaks. Further studies are needed to accumulate more experience with genotyping using SNP analysis for the epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of C. perfringens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence in the Okinawa Main Island and Remote Islands in Okinawa, Japan, 2020-2021.","authors":"Yoshihiro Takayama, Yusuke Shimakawa, Yoshiaki Aizawa, Christian Butcher, Naomi Chibana, Mary Collins, Kohei Kamegai, Tae Gyun Kim, Satoshi Koyama, Ryota Matsuyama, Melissa M Matthews, Tomoari Mori, Tetsuharu Nagamoto, Masashi Narita, Ryosuke Omori, Noriko Shibata, Satoshi Shibata, Souichi Shiiki, Shunichi Takakura, Naoki Toyozato, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Matthias Wolf, Taro Yamamoto, Shuhei Yokoyama, Sho Yonaha, Kenji Mizumoto","doi":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.255","DOIUrl":"10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We estimated the seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in different island groups in Okinawa. A cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted over three periods between July 2020 and February 2021. A total of 2,683 serum samples were collected from six referral medical centers, each covering a separate region in Okinawa. In the main island, the seroprevalence was 0.0% (0/392; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0- 0.9%), 0.6% (8/1,448, 0.2-1.1%), and 1.4% (8/582, 0.6-2.7%) during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd serosurvey, respectively. In remote islands, the seroprevalence was 0.0% (0/144; 95% CI, 0.0-2.5%) and 1.6% (2/123, 0.2-5.8%) during the 2nd and 3rd survey, respectively. The case detection ratio was 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3-5.3) in the main island and 2.8 (0.7-11.1) in remote islands during the 3rd survey. The case detection ratio was the highest in individuals aged 20-29 years (8.3; 95% CI, 3.3-21.4) in the main island and in those aged 50-59 years (14.1; 2.1-92.7) in remote islands, suggesting underreporting of clinical cases by the surveillance system in these subgroups. A serosurvey conducted during an emerging infectious disease epidemic can be useful for validating the reliability of the surveillance system by providing case detection ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":14608,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of infectious diseases","volume":" ","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}