Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Critical Review of the Role of Geristore® in Contemporary Endodontics.","authors":"Mahsa Radafshar, Ardavan Parhizkar","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.48268","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.48268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Geristore® (GS) is an advanced dual-cure resin-modified glass ionomer with favourable biological and physical properties, including biocompatibility, fluoride release, and excellent sealing ability. Originally developed for restorative purposes, its clinical versatility has nonetheless extended into endodontics. The current critical review primarily aims to evaluate the biological characteristics, endodontic applications, and possible clinical potential of GS as a biomaterial in modern endodontic practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and grey literature) without restrictions on date and/or language. Relevant peer-reviewed studies on the composition, properties, and endodontic uses of GS were identified, screened, investigated, and critically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Geristore® has demonstrated promising outcomes in endodontic procedures, <i>e.g</i>., root-end filling, perforation repair, vital pulp therapy, retrograde vital pulp therapy, intra-orifice barrier placement and the management of external cervical resorption, Additionally, various studies have highlighted its favourable soft tissue compatibility, sealing ability (even in moist environments) as well as its acceptable mechanical properties. However, certain limitations, including reduced flexural strength and higher cytotoxicity compared to calcium silicate-based materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate, have been reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Geristore® presents as a clinically useful alternative for specific endodontic indications where biocompatibility, sealability, and ease of handling seem critical. However, further high-quality clinical trials and comparative studies are essential to validate its long-term performance and establish its role relative to established endodontic biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Calcium-enriched Mixture Cement: Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties.","authors":"Mohammadreza Nabavizadeh, Abbas Abbaszadegan, Fatemeh Zebardast","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46475","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement is a water-based biomaterial with properties similar to calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Zinc oxide (ZnO), a bioactive material widely used for its antimicrobial properties and beneficial biological effects on body tissues, was incorporated into CEM cement in this study. The objective was to evaluate the impact of ZnO nanoparticles (ZON) on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of CEM cement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ZON powder was blended with CEM cement powder at a 10% weight ratio. The mixture was combined with liquid (1 g powder: 0.33 mL liquid) and cast into test-specific molds. Samples of original CEM cement without ZON served as the control group. The samples were evaluated for changes in setting time (<i>n</i>=6), compressive strength (<i>n</i>=6), solubility (<i>n</i>=10), and pH (<i>n</i>=10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial setting time was identical in both groups. ZON incorporation reduced the secondary setting time, though not significantly. Compressive strength remained unchanged. After 7 days, solubility increased significantly in ZON-containing samples. While ZON reduced the pH of CEM cement in deionized water after 5 hours, no significant difference was observed at 24 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating ZON into CEM cement caused minor changes, including a reduced secondary setting time, increased solubility, and transient pH changes, without significantly affecting overall performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of a Late Complication of Strip Perforation with Overextended Gutta-percha Using Intentional Replantation: A 10-Year Follow-up Case Report.","authors":"Saeed Asgary","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.48363","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.48363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strip perforation is a severe procedural complication during root canal therapy, often associated with poor prognosis, especially when combined with overextended gutta-percha. While surgical or nonsurgical retreatment is commonly indicated, patient-centered decision-making and long-term follow-up may influence the management strategy. This case report describes the conservative follow-up and eventual successful treatment of a mandibular second molar with an extensive midroot strip perforation and extruded gutta-percha, ultimately managed with intentional replantation and root-end filling using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. In 2015, a 40-year-old female patient presented for routine examination. A previously treated mandibular second molar (#37), which had a severe strip perforation in the mesial root and overextended gutta-percha one year prior, remained asymptomatic and functional. The patient declined retreatment and opted for annual monitoring. Over five years, the tooth remained functional and symptom-free, and the extruded gutta-percha showed gradual radiographic resorption. In 2023, the patient returned with a symptomatic apical periodontitis and a large periapical lesion associated with the same tooth. Intentional replantation was performed with midroot resection of the mesial root, root-end filling using CEM cement, and immediate replantation. At the 1-year follow-up, the tooth remained functional, asymptomatic, and radiographically healed. The case highlights the long-term clinical risks of untreated strip perforations, the unpredictable resorption of overextended materials, and the efficacy of minimally invasive surgical interventions in preserving tooth function.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: Role of Bonding Time, Strategy, and Thickness in an In Vitro Model.","authors":"Narges Panahandeh, Maryam Torshabi, Roja Askian, Hassan Torabzadeh, Saeed Asgary","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v20i1.46162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study assessed the effects of bonding application time (immediate vs. 24-hour delay) and strategy [self-etch (SE) vs. etch-and-rinse (ER)] on cytotoxicity of three calcium silicate-based cements [calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine] at 1mm and 2mm thicknesses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Specimens (<i>n</i>=20 per group) were fabricated using CEM, MTA, and Biodentine. Scotchbond Universal was applied immediately or after 24 hours via SE or ER strategies. Cytotoxicity of cement extracts (100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations) on human gingival fibroblasts was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed with four-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (<i>P</i>≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biomaterials showed comparable cytotoxicity (<i>P</i>>0.05), with toxicity decreasing progressively at lower concentrations (25% <50%<100%). At 100% concentration, ER bonding significantly improved cell viability for CEM (<i>P</i><0.05), while immediate bonding of 1-mm specimens increased cytotoxicity (<i>P</i><0.05). Immediate SE bonding of 1-mm MTA and Biodentine specimens also resulted in higher cytotoxicity (<i>P</i><0.05). At 50% concentration, SE strategy and 1-mm thickness increased cytotoxicity, with bonding time effects significant only in ER mode. No significant differences were observed at 25% concentration (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed bonding (24 hours), ER strategy, and ≥2-mm thickness minimize cytotoxicity of calcium silicate-based cements. Clinically, immediate permanent restoration after vital pulp therapy is viable when considering these parameters, eliminating the need for interim protective layers (<i>e.g</i>., glass ionomer bases).</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Behavior Variations among Commercial Gutta-percha Brands: An Optical Thermography Study.","authors":"Moisés Uzal, José Aranguren, Alejandro R Pérez, Ana Ramírez-Muñoz, Natalia Navarrete","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.45131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v20i1.45131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to assess the thermal behavior of five different commercial gutta-percha brands using optical thermography. We focused on temperature differences and heat transfer characteristics at different apical distances.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Gutta-percha cones from the following brands were tested: Autofit Greater Taper, Protaper Gold F2, TruNatomy Prime, ZARC Gutta-percha points # 25/0.06, and Reciproc Blue R25. A specific heating system was used to subject the cones to thermal imaging. Measurements were taken at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-mm apical distances for 5 mm and 10 mm cone lengths. Statistical analyses included Student's t-tests and Analysis of Variance with the significance level set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upon intragroup comparison, we found subtle distinctions in thermal behavior when examining gutta-percha cone lengths (5 mm <i>versus</i> 10 mm). TruNatomy exhibited statistically significant variations (<i>P</i><0.05) at 2- and 3-mm distances. Conversely, ZARC and Reciproc Blue R25 displayed notable differences (<i>P</i><0.05) at 2-, 3-, and 4-mm distances. In contrast, Autofit Greater Taper and Protaper Gold F2 consistently diverged across all distances (<i>P</i><0.05). In intergroup comparisons of 5 mm length, significant variances (<i>P</i><0.05) emerged among brands at 1- and 2-mm distances. At 10 mm length, TruNatomy differed significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) from other brands across all distances. The heat tip maintained an average maximum temperature of 154.54^°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thermal behavior of gutta-percha brands varied significantly, with implications for endodontic treatments. While differences were observed in heat transfer and maximum temperatures, all brands remained within safe temperature ranges for clinical use. Understanding these variations can aid clinicians in selecting appropriate gutta-percha for specific clinical scenarios, ultimately optimizing root canal obturation quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Management of Dens Invaginatus Type IIIb Using Photodynamic Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Navid Nasrabadi, Atoosa Yazdani, Mahgol Mehrabani","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46885","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dens invagination (DI) is a developmental dental anomaly characterized by the infolding of the enamel organ into the dental papilla. Type IIIb DI, involving deep invagination that extends apically along the root, poses significant challenges in endodontic treatment due to its complex anatomy. We describe a case of type IIIb DI in a 13-year-old female referred with the chief complaint of spontaneous pain on the left maxillary lateral incisor. Clinical examinations showed tenderness to percussion and palpation as well as a positive response to cold test with lingering pain. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed the presence of type IIIb DI associated with a periapical lesion. The final diagnosis was irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis for main canal (distal) and pulpless and infected root canal system with secondary acute apical periodontitis according to Abbott classification for the other canal. Two separate access cavities were prepared with the guidance of CBCT. Root canal therapy was performed on both root canals, using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ultrasonic-activated sodium hypochlorite for enhanced disinfection. Calcium-enriched mixture cement was used to obturate the apical third, followed by thermoplastic gutta-percha in the middle and coronal thirds. The patient was asymptomatic at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, with radiographic evidence of complete healing. This case highlights the effectiveness of conservative endodontic treatment using PTD in managing complex DI cases, with a focus on maintaining tooth structure and achieving long-term success.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11981004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Acute Apical Abscess Presenting with Rapid Extrusion of a Tooth: A Case Report.","authors":"Masoud Parirokh, Hamed Manochehrifar, Alireza Sarhadi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46653","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An acute apical abscess (AAA) is a rapid-onset inflammatory condition characterized by spontaneous pain, pus formation, and swelling, often resulting from pulp necrosis. Complications may include systemic manifestations and severe outcomes, such as tooth extrusion. This case report describes a rare instance of AAA causing rapid extrusion of a maxillary central incisor in a 17-year-old female. The patient presented with spontaneous pain and mobility of the extruded tooth, accompanied by localized swelling. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed pulp necrosis, an AAA, and apical bone rarefaction. Emergency treatment was initiated, including intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and temporary splinting of the tooth. Subsequent treatment involved obturation with gutta-percha and sealer, followed by permanent restoration. Radiographic and clinical recalls up to 5 years demonstrated complete periapical healing, normal tooth mobility, and no recurrence of symptoms. Effective management, including timely root canal therapy and splinting, led to successful long-term outcomes. This case underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and immediate, tailored treatment to manage AAA and prevent severe complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the Middle Mesial Canal and Furcation Radiolucency in Mandibular Molars.","authors":"Mohammadreza Karimzadeh, Arash Shahravan, Rahim Fereidooni, Hamed Ebrahimnejad, Amir Hossein Nekouei, Shahram Arbabi, Sara Rezaei","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46099","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The middle mesial canal (MMC) of mandibular molars is of particular interest in endodontics due to its complexity. This study investigated the association between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and the radiolucency in the furcation area using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>CBCT scans of 400 patients referred to the largest radiology center in Kerman City from January 1, 2022, to January 1, 2023, were examined. All CBCT scans were assessed for radiolucency in the furcation area and the presence of MMC. Variables, including age, gender, tooth number, and MMC presence were recorded. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were employed to compare MMC frequency and its impact on furcation radiolucency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 201 examined teeth, 37 (18.4%) had MMC, and 23 (11.4%) exhibited furcation radiolucency. However, teeth with a mesial canal showed a higher prevalence of furcation lesions compared to those without (38% <i>vs.</i> 5.2%) (<i>P</i><0.001). A significant association was observed between a mesial canal and furcation radiolucency, with odds of furcation radiolucency at 12.7 after controlling for age and gender (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strong association exists between MMC presence in first and second mandibular molars and furcation radiolucency, unaffected by age and gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apical Transportation and Centering Ability of Trunatomy, Edmax, and Reciproc Blue in Curved Mesiobuccal Canals of Mandibular Molars.","authors":"Nazanin Zargar, Babak Zandi, Yaser Safi, Mahgol Mehrabani","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46547","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.46547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study compared apical transportation and centering ability of TruNatomy, EDMax, and Reciproc Blue in curved mesiobuccal canals of mandibular molars.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This <i>ex vivo</i> study was conducted on curved (20-40 degrees) mesiobuccal canals of 60 mandibular molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (<i>n</i>=15) for instrumentation of the mesiobuccal canals with (I) TruNatomy, (II) EDMax, (III) Reciproc Blue, and (IV) Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before and after instrumentation. Changes in canal wall thickness in mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) directions were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the apex using OnDemand software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, Friedman, and Fisher's exact tests (alpha=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TruNatomy showed significantly lower transportation than Reciproc Blue and EDMax in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds (<i>P</i><0.05). Reciproc Blue and EDMax had no significant difference in transportation (<i>P</i>>0.05). Using the R-Pilot glider had no significant effect on transportation (<i>P</i>>0.05). Canal transportation was not significantly different within each group at four distances from the apex (<i>P</i>>0.05). TruNatomy showed significantly higher centering ability than Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot in the BL dimension at 3 mm from the apex (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TruNatomy showed significantly lower canal transportation than Reciproc Blue and EDMax at all distances from the apex. The files had no significant difference in centering ability except at 3 mm in BL dimension, where TruNatomy had significantly higher centering ability than Reciproc Blue+R-Pilot.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Vital Pulp Therapy on Normal Root Development in Immature Teeth: A Case Report.","authors":"Henry Paul Valverde Haro, Adriana Denisse Erazo Conde","doi":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.47139","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v20i1.47139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vital pulp therapy is one of the least invasive and simplest and most economically acceptable treatment alternatives for immature teeth with pulpitis. The success rate of this treatment, with calcium silicate-based cements, ranges from 85% to 100%. Vital pulp therapy prevents the development of apical periodontitis and promotes normal root development, allowing the tooth to remain in the dentition and perform its functions. The patient was a nine-year-old boy with pain on chewing and a positive response to cold. The panoramic radiograph showed an immature permanent lower molar with deep caries. Partial pulpectomy and root pulp sealing with pre-mixed calcium silicate-based cement were performed under aseptic conditions. The absence of symptoms and the formation of roots with apical sealing were successfully achieved and observed by follow-up and radiographic control, making this treatment a viable option for immature teeth with pulpitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}