International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"A Case Study in Planning and Executing a Source-Control Exercise Using a Visual Simulator as a Well Response Training Tool","authors":"R. Oskarsen, Brett Morry, Michael Drieu","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.678594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.678594","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since the 2010 Macondo incident, the oil industry has made many strides in improving offshore blowout prevention and preparedness. This includes manufacturing over 20 large subsea capping stacks with other supporting subsea source control equipment (e.g. cutting tools for debris removal, injection and monitoring equipment for subsea dispersants) , and routinely conducting emergency exercises to demonstrate the ability to simulate deploying their subsea control equipment defined in their source control emergency response plans, often on short notice for government initiated unannounced exercises. In 2017, Anadarko partnered with U.S. and Mexican government agencies to conduct a joint-preparedness exercise to demonstrate a binational response to a hypothetical pollution incident that would threaten the border zone of both countries. The exercise conduced in accordance with the Mexico – US (MEXUS) Plan, a bilateral agreement between both countries for offshore spill that would originate in one country and could impact the other country. Coordinating a drill that involved over 300 participants from multiple companies and organizations took several years. A short coming of previous similar exercises have been the lack of visualization and sense of realism. A fit-for-purpose visualization simulator was used improve the overall training and learning experience. The visual simulator is coupled with a dynamic multi-phase simulator to ensure that the physics of the blowout and intervention operations are as realistic as possible. The improved visualizations and physics of the source-control operation significantly improved the learnings compared to previous exercise events. This paper explains the general methodology for closing a capping stack, and, more importantly, the planning process that made the drill successful.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89961035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Oil Spill Trajectory Forecast Model for Effective Clean Up","authors":"Akshaya T R, M. K, K. Raju","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141611","url":null,"abstract":"Oil spills near the shore is an important environmental problem. The oil spill has to be contained in the early stages of the accident which otherwise would spread rapidly making it hard to control. The oil gets weathered affecting marine life and can get into the food chain and cause ecological distress. It also affects port and harbour activities. The after effects of the spill are mostly irreversible, so it is essential to follow proper control measures. It is essential to establish the spill forecast and movement for necessary prevention and mitigation measures. To do this, oil spill trajectory forecast models need to develop, that helps to provide the action plans to control the spill. A hydrodynamic simulation is carried out for the Ennore 2017 Chennai oil spill of India and corresponding trajectory analysis is performed. The results of the simulation will aid for effective cleanup measures to be followed in the region.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74512630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Transparency in Oil Spill Management in Africa: Nigeria As A Case Study","authors":"A. Ekperusi, O. H. Ekperusi","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141577","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT (684687)\u0000 Oil spill is an inevitable occurrence in the production, transportation and processing of crude oil. Either in drilling platforms, oil tankers and interstate pipelines, oil spill incidence can occur, no matter the safeguard and precautionary practices in the oil and gas industry. Despite significant improvement over the years in oil spill prevention, preparedness, response, and restoration, oil spill management remains one of the most controversial issues across the world. In many developing countries including Nigeria, the management of oil spill is poorly coordinated, complicated and lacks transparency between the oil industry, spill contractors, regulators, environmental agencies, affected communities and other interested parties. From decision making to mobilization, post-impact assessment, spill response and mitigative approaches, there is a high level of laxity, mistrust, opacity and deliberate misinformation in dealing with oil spill issues. These practices in the oil industry is supported by a weak institutional and regulatory framework which affects the management of oil spill. Such lapses are creating a delicate system leading to the degradation of the natural environment, threatening ecological life support systems for biodiversity and indigenous people. There is a need for a comprehensive overhaul in oil spill practices and to adopt global best practices for oil spill management in developing regions of the world including Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74747459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into Alaskan Oil Spill Response – Applied Case studies and Operational Protocols","authors":"J. Garron, Jereme M. Altendorf","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.688190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.688190","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 (PS1-02) Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have a high potential value to support oil spill response activities due to their capabilities to provide real-time situational awareness. A variety of UAS are available to support response activities, and determining the precise aircraft, sensor payload and flight patterns will depend on the operational need for surveillance. In support of UAS integration into America's airspace, the FAA has defined general protocols for the commercial use of small UAS (less than 55 lbs. total take-off weight) in 14 CFR Part 107. However, these regulations do not address any other concerns associated with flight of these small aircraft, such as shared operational airspace within a temporary flight restriction area, or regulations for flight over animals that fall under state or federal management. To address this lack of policy, a UAS protocol for flights of small UAS during oil spill response activities was developed and integrated into a series of tabletop oil spill exercises conducted in Alaska during 2018. The UAS protocol was vetted with state and federal agencies responsible for wildlife management both on and offshore, was modified for execution in remote as well as urban locations, and has been integrated into Area Contingency Plans in Alaska. This presentation will highlight the operational components of the UAS operational protocol, as well as the challenges, both perceived and actual, to UAS integration into the incident management structure of an oil spill response.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77625961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of surveillance tools in oil spill response – responders' view based on case studies","authors":"M. Januszewska","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.1141286","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With a growing market of new technologies in surveillance for oil spill response, it has become increasingly difficult for users to understand which surveillance tool is best suited for their requirements. Oil Spill Response Organisation's (OSROs) such as Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) require an easily-deployable, yet durable solution available to be utilised in a range of working conditions. The surveillance platform and type of sensor will be heavily influenced by the response scenario.\u0000 This paper provides an overview of surveillance platforms such as the surveillance kite, UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and tethered balloon utilised by OSRL in different response scenarios on real incidents. The examples include offshore and shoreline incidents and exercises with offshore and shoreline response elements. In each of the examples the focus will be on the advantages and disadvantages of the surveillance tool chosen for the task, and lessons learned from each case/experience.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81006439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison between Chemical and Natural Dispersion of a North Sea Oil-spill","authors":"Gareth E Thomas, T. McGenity, Marieke Zeinstra-Helfrich, B. McKew","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.7252525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.7252525","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The application of dispersants to an oil-slick is a key remediation tool and thus understanding its effectiveness is vital. Two in situ oil slicks were created in the North Sea (off the coast of The Netherlands), one left to natural processes whilst dispersant (Slickgone NS) was applied to the other. GC-MS analysis of seawater from the surface slick, and at 1.5 and 5 m below the slick, revealed only two samples with measurable hydrocarbons (221 ± 92 μg ml−1 seawater), from the surface of the “Slickgone Dispersed” oil-slick ~25.5 hours after oil-slick formation, which was likely due to environmental conditions hindering sampling. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR and amplicon analysis revealed extremely limited growth of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), detected at a relative abundance of <1×10-6 %. Furthermore, the Ecological Index of Hydrocarbon Exposure (EIHE) score, which quantifies the proportion of the bacterial community with hydrocarbon-biodegradation potential, was extremely low at 0.012 (scale of 0 – 1). This very low abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria at the time of sampling, even in samples with measurable hydrocarbons, could potentially be attributed to nutrient limitation (~25.5 hours after oil-slick creation total inorganic nitrogen was 3.33 μM and phosphorus was undetectable). The results of this study highlight a limited capacity for the environment, during this relatively short period, to naturally attenuate oil.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84581059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NSF Response Case Study: Hazardous Materials Release at Intercontinental Terminal Company, Deer Park, Texas","authors":"Cdr Shaun Edwards, Lcdr Jessica Thornton, Kenneth “KP” Pounds","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.689421","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On March 17th, 2019 the Intercontinental Terminal Company (ITC) Deer Park, Texas river terminal and storage facility, comprised of 242 above ground storage tanks with a site capacity of 13.1 million barrels of hazardous products, experienced a tank fire. This incident would also become known as the “2nd 80s Fire” based on the identification of tanks impacted. The fire was contained to a single grouping of 15 tanks, with stored products including Naphtha, Toluene, Xylene, Benzene, Pyrolysis Gasoline, and Gasoline Blend stocks. Extended firefighting efforts resulted in volumes of water and firefighting foam that exceeded the capacity of the containment systems, resulting in the subsequent containment failure on March 22nd, which enabled the hazardous chemicals and mixture of various products to eventually reach the Houston Ship Channel. The surrounding industrial and residential communities experienced shelter-in-place orders due to the air quality concerns, and the vital waterway was shut down to commercial traffic.\u0000 On-water benzene levels exceeded 20 parts per million (ppm) during the initial phases of the response near the facility while many areas within five miles exceeded the Occupational Safety Health Agency (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for benzene exposures. Benzene remained the primary chemical hazard to response crews seeking to contain, remove, and reopen the waterways for more than two weeks past the initial chemical release events. An interagency agreement was developed between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) to assist in response activities, which included containing, collecting, recovering and disposing of the released materials from the shoreline and the surface water. The National Strike Force (NSF) deployed 52 personnel from each of the three Strike Teams, Public Information Assist Team (PIAT) and CG-Incident Management and Assistance Team (CG-IMAT). Due to the elevated presence of benzene, the NSF was the only USCG trained, experienced and qualified organic response resource prepared to respond to environmental threats with elevated concentrations of products that represented an inhalation hazard requiring respiratory protection devices. This paper demonstrates the significance of NSF's respiratory protection program, and how their capabilities can be used for both technical operations support, and also for site safety management, especially during complex spills or releases.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87414760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of oil lost from tanker vessel using space borne radar datasets - Case study of Haldia port oil spill, July 2018.","authors":"S. J. Prasad, T. B. Balakrishnan Nair","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.686884","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Determining the spilled volume of the marine oil pollutant is an essential requisite for the oil spill modellers and the responders. Generally, the mass of the spilled pollutant is computed from the total quantity and the remaining quantity of the storage tank of the distressed vessel. A method to estimate the quantity of the spilled oil pollutant using the space -borne synthetic aperture radar dataset is elaborated here. The synthetic aperture radar data, its ability to penetrate cloud cover, irrespective of weather conditions, has been widely used to detect the signature of spilt oil. SAR data available from European Space Agency and Canadian Space Agency were used to detect the oil spills as they are proved to be appropriate for oil spill detection. Minor oil spill occured off Haldia Port, off Kolkata from SSL tanker vessel on 14 July 2018. The geographical location of the distressed vessel is 88.775 ′E, 21.441 ′N. The zone of the vessel distress was monitored for oil slicks. The acquisition plan of the Radar satellite Sentinel -1A was obtained from European Space Agency. As per that, the pass of the Sentinel -1A was available on 15 July 2018 and 17 July 2018 for the region of study. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets were obtained from Sentinel -1A as per their availability. Those datasets were processed using Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) tool box. The SAR data is subjected to terrain correction, which automatically reprojects the radar scene. The next stage is performing radiometric calibration, which converts the amplitude into intensity values. The radar reflectance values are converted to Sigma0 intensity values in Sentinel tool box. This Sigma0 values were wrote in netcdf format for identifying the oil slicks. The pixels of lesser intensity values are identified and are interpreted for oil slicks. The zone of the oil slicks in the radar scene are considered as irregular polygons. The area of those polygons were computed. Later the volume of the spilled oil is computed using the thickness of the spilled oil pollutant. Finally the mass of the pollutant is computed. It was collectively estimated from the SAR datasets, that, 33 Tons of Fuel oil was lost from SSL vessel that sank off Haldia Port. This paper elaborates in detail about the method of processing SAR dataset and estimating the quantity of oil lost from the vessel using SAR datasets.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90124051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Spill Modeling for the Enbridge Line 3 Replacement Program with Response for Planning, Preparedness, and Environmental Purposes","authors":"M. Horn","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.687960","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oil spill trajectory and fate modeling and analyses were performed to support evaluation of the downstream movement, behavior, timing, and potential ecological and human health risks resulting from hypothetical releases of crude oil from the proposed Enbridge Line 3 Replacement Program. The investigation involved assessing multiple hypothetical pipeline releases into terrestrial and aquatic environments. The quantitative assessment of the three-dimensional movement (i.e. trajectory) and behavior (i.e. fate) of released oil used site-specific environmental and geographic conditions, including seasonal and hydrographic information. The main questions being addressed included: What is the expected spatial extent, timing, and magnitude of hydrocarbon contamination from an unmitigated release?How do changes in the release location and release volume affect the ultimate trajectory, fate, and number of potentially susceptible resources.How does the inclusion of modeled response options change predictions (i.e. unmitigated vs. response mitigated scenarios)?\u0000 The 2-dimensional OILMAPLand and 3-dimensional SIMAP computational oil spill models were used to assess hypothetical crude oil release scenarios into the Mississippi River near Palisade, MN. Results were presented in an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and an Assessment of Accidental Releases (AAR) presented to the Minnesota Department of Commerce Energy Environmental Review and Analysis (MN DOC EERA) and the Pollution Control Administration (MN PCA) as both oral and written testimony. The findings demonstrated realistic predictions of containment and collection efficiencies following an accidental release and aided regulators in the decision-making process for the project.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89047749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving the dial through collaboration","authors":"Kåre-L. Jørgensen","doi":"10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.682648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2021.1.682648","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For many years there have been lots of Oil Spill Response Organizations (OSROs) worldwide. Their organization, concept of operations and skills have to a large extend been tailored to their specific areas of operations, members demand and the OSROs own practice and experience. Collaboration between OSROs has been somewhat limited.\u0000 During the last decade, the post-Macondo follow up has showed – and strengthened – the necessity of tiered preparedness, hence the importance of collaboration between different oil spill response organizations has raised to another level. One arena which has evolved tremendously during the last decade, has been the Global Response Network – GRN. The dial can surely be said to have moved considerably towards closer collaboration.\u0000 The Global Response Network (GRN) exists to share information, improve spill response performance and provide centers of expertise in spill preparedness, response and recovery techniques. It is a forum for oil spill response organizations to improve their individual performance and effectiveness by: fostering strong collaborative relationships between Members;establishing functional teams to exchange operating information, response techniques and share good practice; andassisting oil companies and other stakeholders to enhance industry standards for spill response.\u0000 The GRN will operate under an Executive Committee (EC) framework which purpose is to determine the broad strategic direction of the GRN.\u0000 The EC is also reviewing and assessing the work of the functional teams operating under the EC, known as the Operational Teams (OTs).\u0000 During the last decade, the OTs have developed into a global, functional group of experts working across nations and boundaries. The OT's represents the operational expertise within the OSROs and have become the bodies to operationalize and implement the Good Practice Guidelines developed through IPIECA post-Macondo. Having this body – or structure – of experts to support the industry (and IPIECA) has proven important.\u0000 This presentation will describe how the last decade has made improvements in collaboration between OSROs and different agencies – both regulators, companies, agencies, the public and responder – to make oil spill response more efficient, standardized and created a better understanding of the importance of having a good, well-functioned oil spill response.","PeriodicalId":14447,"journal":{"name":"International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings","volume":"43 s6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91420142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}