International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice最新文献

{"title":"Sertraline with desvenlafaxine and sertraline with mirtazapine as treatment initiation in MDD patients with moderate to severe depression and effect on inflammatory markers.","authors":"Norman Arockiaraj, Rachna Gupta, Rafat Ahmad, Sumita Halder, M S Bhatia","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2287754","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2287754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of sertraline with desvenlafaxine and sertraline with mirtazapine on HAM-D score and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α levels) in major depressive disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (18-60 years) with MDD diagnosed by DSM-V criteria and HAM-D score 18 or more were included (<i>n</i> = 60). Group A patients (<i>n</i> = 30) received sertraline 50 mg/day and desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day. Group B patients (<i>n</i> = 30) received sertraline 50 mg/day and mirtazapine 30 mg/day. All patients were followed up for 8 weeks for the evaluation of clinical efficacy, safety, serum IL-6, and TNF-α levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed a comparatively similar and statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in HAM-D score in both groups in the 4th and 8th week of the treatment. Both drug combinations significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased serum IL-6 and TNF-α after 8 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that the combination therapy (as treatment initiation) with sertraline and desvenlafaxine, and sertraline with mirtazapine is effective and well tolerated in MDD patients with moderate to severe depression, and their therapeutic efficacy is accompanied by decreased inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and TNF-α).</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptoms in the entire spectrum of cognitive ageing in Greece: evidence from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD).","authors":"Eleni-Zacharoula Eliza Georgiou, Antonios Politis, Mary H Kosmidis, Mary Yannakoulia, Efthimios Dardiotis, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou, Paraskevi Sakka, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Polychronis Economou, Panagiotis Alexopoulos","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2296889","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2296889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study (i) the prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms in the entire spectrum of cognitive ageing in Greece and (ii) the relationship between these symptoms and demographic and clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was based on the randomly selected cohort of the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Participants also received a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, while the clinical diagnoses of dementia and mild cognitive impairment were established according to international diagnostic criteria. Statistical analyses relied on comparison tests and a logistic (proportional odds) ordinal regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depressive symptoms were detected in 19.5% of the 1936 study participants, while 11.3% of both people with MCI and dementia had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. The regression model revealed that older adults with more severe depressive symptoms were more likely female, cognitively impaired, less educated, were treated with psychotropic medication and lived in Attica versus Thessaly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since depressive symptoms were detected in almost one in five older adults, healthcare professionals in Greece should safeguard the timely detection and effective treatment of such symptoms and the post-diagnostic care of older adults with depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worsen family functioning and parenting styles? A case control study.","authors":"Mehmet Karadağ, Gizem Yılmaz Saygılı, Zehra Topal Hangül, Fatma Subaşı Turgut","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2283221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2283221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A bidirectional relationship between family functioning and parenting styles and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is proposed. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of ADHD symptoms on parenting styles and the general functionality of the family as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>73 children with ADHD (56%) and 56 controls (43%) (a total of 129 participants, 31% female, 69% male) with a mean age of 11.3 (7-17, n: 129) were included in the study, which was conducted in Gaziantep University Hospital Child Psychiatry Department in 2022. The participants completed psychometric scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents of children with ADHD showed higher positive parenting scores than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Inconsistent discipline scores were substantially higher in the ADHD combined subtype (14.38 ± 5.2) than in the attention deficit dominant group (17.59 ± 3.96) In addition, a strong correlation was found between familial functionality scores and ADHD severity in the ADHD attention deficit dominant subtype (r:0.601; p:0.027) and as ADHD severity increased, family functionality decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that parents of children with ADHD have different parenting styles and ADHD affects the overall functionality of the family in the Turkish sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hoarding behaviour: special features and complications in real-world clinical practice.","authors":"David Córcoles, Lucía Guerrero, Angeles Malagon, Magda Bellsolà, Ana Maria Gonzalez, Jordi León, Agnès Sabaté, Victor Pérez, Antoni Bulbena, Luis Miguel Martín, Anna Mane","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2287755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2287755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hoarding behaviour is a common but poorly characterised problem in real-world clinical practice. Although hoarding behaviour is the key component of Hoarding Disorder (HD), there are people who exhibit hoarding behaviour but do not suffer from HD. The aim of the present study was to characterise a clinical sample of patients with clinically relevant hoarding behaviour and evaluate the differential characteristics between patients with and without HD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included patients who received treatment at the home visitation program in Barcelona (Spain) from January 2013 through December 2020, and scored ≥ 4 on the Clutter Image Rating scale. Sociodemographic, DSM-5 diagnosis, clinical data and differences between patients with and without an HD diagnosis were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 243 subjects were included. Hoarding behaviour had been unnoticed in its early stages and the median length in the sample was 10 years (IQR 15). 100% of the cases had hoarding-related complications. HD was the most common diagnosis in 117 patients (48.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found several differential characteristics between patients with and without HD diagnosis. Alcohol use disorder could play an important role among those without HD diagnosis. Home visitation programs could improve earlier detection, preventing hoarding-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder.","authors":"Hind Mohd Ahmed, Karim Abdel Aziz, Abeer Al Ammari, Mohammed Galadari, Aaisha Alsaadi, Aysha Alhassani, Fatima Al Marzooqi, Mohammed AlAhbabi, Hind Alsheryani, Meera Bahayan, Reem Ahmed, Sara Alameri, Emmanuel Stip, Dina Aly El-Gabry","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2024.2310847","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2024.2310847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and its prevalence is especially high in psychiatric patients. To date, there is limited data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the prevalence of MetS. Therefore, we aimed to investigate its prevalence and possible risk factors in a large sample of psychiatric patients in the UAE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Ain Hospital, in Al-Ain City, UAE. We collected demographic and clinical data on patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar affective disorder in the period between January 2017 and December 2020. This included their secondary diagnosis (psychiatric or medical), vital signs (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Body Mass Index [BMI]), metabolic parameters (fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoproteins), and prescribed medications. We used the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) criteria to diagnose MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 889 subjects and of these, 79.8% (<i>N</i> = 709) had a BMI ≥25 kg/m² and 9.8% (<i>N</i> = 87) had no abnormal metabolic parameters. Overall, 28.1% (<i>N</i> = 250) had MetS with no statistical difference between the three groups. Fasting blood glucose levels and abnormally elevated triglycerides were significant predictors for MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found that around one in three patients had MetS irrespective of the three diagnoses. Some variables were significant predictors for MetS. Our findings were consistent with other studies and warrant the need for regular screening and management of abnormal metabolic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of bright light therapy on irritability in bipolar depression: a single-blind randomised control trial.","authors":"Lorenzo Fregna,&nbsp;Francesco Attanasio,&nbsp;Cristina Colombo","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2221286","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2221286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The symptom-complex irritability, widely used in descriptions of bipolar patients' manic and mixed states, also represents a common feature in depressive phases. Irritability negatively affects the clinical course of depression, leading to a higher risk of treatment non-adherence, violence, and suicide attempts. Nevertheless, proportional attention from the scientific literature seems to be scarce. We conducted the first randomised controlled trial with the aim of evaluating BLT as a possible therapeutic strategy for irritability in bipolar depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>180 inpatients were randomly assigned to: Group A exposed to bright light therapy (BLT) daily, or Group B treated with pharmacotherapy only. A qualitative assessment of irritability was performed after a 4-week program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A showed about one-third fewer cases of irritability compared to Group B, this reduction was not related to the overall remission of depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study supports the usefulness of BLT in irritability in bipolar depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"416-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9987208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and atrial fibrillation in a reciprocal liaison: a neuro-cardiac link.","authors":"Theodora A Manolis,&nbsp;Antonis A Manolis,&nbsp;Evdoxia J Apostolopoulos,&nbsp;Helen Melita,&nbsp;Antonis S Manolis","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2248214","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2248214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the reciprocal relationship of depression and atrial fibrillation (AF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in Pub Med, Scopus, and Google Scholar using relevant terms for depression and AF and respective therapies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is evidence that depression is involved in the aetiology and prognosis of AF. AF, independently of its type, incurs a risk of depression in 20-40% of patients. Also, depression significantly increases cumulative incidence of AF (from 1.92% to 4.44% at 10 years); 25% increased risk of new-onset AF is reported in patients with depression, reaching 32% in recurrent depression. Hence, emphasis is put on the importance of assessing depression in the evaluation of AF and vice versa. Persistent vs paroxysmal AF patients may suffer from more severe depression. Furthermore, depression can impact the effectiveness of AF treatments, including pharmacotherapy, anticoagulation, cardioversion and catheter ablation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A reciprocal association of depression and AF, a neurocardiac link, has been suggested. Thus, strategies which can reduce depression may improve AF patients' course and treatment outcomes. Also, AF has a significant impact on risk of depression and quality of life. Hence, effective antiarrhythmic therapies may alleviate patients' depressive symptoms. KEY POINTSAF, independently of its type of paroxysmal, permanent or chronic, appears to have mental besides physical consequences, including depression and anxietyA reciprocal influence or bidirectional association of depression and AF, a neurocardiac link, has been suggestedAF has considerable impact on the risk of depression occurrence with 20-40% of patients with AF found to have high levels of depressionAlso, depression significantly increases 10-year cumulative incidence and risk of AF from 1.92% to 4.44% in people without depression, and the risk of new-onset AF by 25-32%Emphasis should be placed on the importance of assessing depression in the evaluation of AF and vice versaPersistent/chronic AF patients may suffer from more severe depressed mood than paroxysmal AF patients with similar symptom burdenDepression and anxiety can impact the effectiveness of certain AF treatments, including pharmacotherapy, anticoagulation treatment, cardioversion and catheter ablationThus, strategies which can reduce anxiety and depression may improve AF patients' course and treatment outcomesAlso, effective antiarrhythmic therapies to control AF may alleviate patients' depressive mood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"397-415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar spectrum disorder: new evidence from a large Italian OCD sample.","authors":"Stefano Bramante,&nbsp;Sylvia Rigardetto,&nbsp;Roberta Borgogno,&nbsp;Emina Mehanović,&nbsp;Luca Pellegrini,&nbsp;Umberto Albert,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maina","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2231040","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2231040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been considered to be a chronic illness; however, some authors described a subtype of OCD characterised by symptom-free periods of time: Episodic-OCD (E-OCD). Only few studies focussed on this subtype of the disorder. The objectives of this research were to study the association between the episodic course of the disorder and lifetime psychiatric comorbidities and to investigate socio-demographic and other clinical features correlated to the episodic course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample is composed of adult OCD patients. The course was defined episodic when at least one circumscribed symptom-free interval of at least 6 months was present. The sample was divided into two subgroups: Episodic-OCD and Chronic-OCD. Differences between groups were analysed with Student's t-test, χ2 tests, Fisher test and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data regarding 585 individuals were collected. 14.2% (<i>N</i> = 83) of our sample had an episodic course. Bipolar I comorbid disorder, abrupt onset, lower severity of illness and lower rates of repeating compulsions were associated with the likelihood of having an E-OCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm that a significant proportion of OCD patients have an episodic course and that E-OCD could represent a specific endophenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9750087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which clinical factors and biochemical parameters are associated with late-life major depression?","authors":"Massimiliano Buoli,&nbsp;Francesca Legnani,&nbsp;Guido Nosari,&nbsp;Anna Pan,&nbsp;Valentina Ciappolino,&nbsp;Cecilia Maria Esposito,&nbsp;Alessandro Ceresa,&nbsp;Martina Di Paolo,&nbsp;Teresa Surace,&nbsp;Anna Maria Auxilia,&nbsp;Martina Capellazzi,&nbsp;Ilaria Tagliabue,&nbsp;Luisa Cirella,&nbsp;Francesco Zanelli Quarantini,&nbsp;Antonios Dakanalis,&nbsp;Massimo Clerici,&nbsp;Enrico Capuzzi,&nbsp;Alice Caldiroli","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2260426","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2260426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Late-life major depression (MD) is a frequent and high-cost psychiatric disorder. Our purpose was to detect clinical and biological factors possibly associated with this condition to better prevent and treat it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 343 patients, consecutively admitted for a Major Depressive Episode to the inpatient clinic of Policlinico of Milan and ASST Monza, Italy. A large set of clinical and biochemical variables was collected from clinical charts. Univariate analyses were performed both dividing the sample into two groups (age < or ≥65) and considering age as a continuous quantitative variable. Regression analyses were then performed considering as independent variables only those statistically significant at univariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients aged ≥ 65 resulted in having longer duration of illness, shorter duration of last antidepressant therapy, higher number of antidepressants assumed in the past, higher frequency of treatment-resistant depression, higher frequency of overweight/obesity and diabetes. As for biochemical parameters, patients ≥ 65 showed lower total plasmatic proteins and albumin, higher uric acid and creatinine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary results suggest less effectiveness of antidepressants, more susceptibility to metabolic disorders and poor nutritional status in patients with late-life depression; such aspects may consequently be taken into consideration for a proper therapeutic approach. KEY POINTSDepression in late life seems to be associated with poorer response to antidepressants;Clinicians should prefer compounds with minimal pharmacokinetic interactions and less risk of side effects including metabolic ones;The poor nutritional status and the higher risk of metabolic disorders in older patients points out the importance of proper diet and healthy lifestyle in this group of subjects;Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41127114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching antipsychotics to partial dopamine D2-agonists in individuals affected by schizophrenia: a narrative review.","authors":"Pierre Baumann,&nbsp;Philipp Bauknecht,&nbsp;Maxim Kuzin,&nbsp;Georgios Schoretsanitis","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2231047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2231047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this review is to analyse the literature regarding studies centred on the clinical outcome of individuals affected by schizophrenia and treated with various antipsychotics, and then switched to orally administered partial D2-dopamine agonists (PD2A): Aripiprazole (ARI), brexpiprazole (BREX) or cariprazine (CARI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A PubMed literature search was performed on 16 February 2021, and updated on Jan 26, 2022 for literature on antipsychotic switching in individuals affected by schizophrenia. Literature was included from 2002 onward. Six strategies were defined: Abrupt, gradual and cross-taper switch, and 3 hybrid strategies. The primary outcome was all-cause discontinuation rate per switch strategy per goal medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 10 reports on switching to ARI, 21 studies with different strategies were described, but there were only 4 reports and 5 strategies on switching to BREX. Only one study about CARI was included, but it was not designed as a switch study. The studies are difficult to compare due to differences in methodology, previous antipsychotic medication, doses of the introduced P2DA and study duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis did not reveal evidence for a preferable switching strategy. A protocol should be developed which defines optimal duration, instruments to be used, and the timing of the exams.KEY MESSAGESMost switch studies on partial D2-agonists focus on ARI, with only a few on BREX, while little is known about the clinical outcome of switching individuals to CARIThere is a wide variation of possible switch methods: Abrupt switch - gradual switch - cross-tapering switch - hybrid strategies including plateau switchThe protocols used differ considerably between the studies. A strict comparison between the studies is difficult, for which reason the present evidence does not support an unambiguous preference for a particular switch strategy.From a methodological point of view, a standardised clinical protocol should be developed to allow comparisons between studies regarding the clinical outcome of individuals switched from one antipsychotic drug to another.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":" ","pages":"367-384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}