International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice最新文献

{"title":"Diabetes and mood disorders: shared mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.","authors":"Laís Bhering Martins,&nbsp;Jenneffer Rayane Braga Tibães,&nbsp;Michael Berk,&nbsp;Antonio Lucio Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1957117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1957117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the current evidence on the association between Diabetes mellitus (DM) and mood disorders [i.e., Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD)], and therapeutic opportunities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched in MEDLINE (via Ovid) for placebo-controlled clinical trials published in the last 20 years that assessed drug repurposing approaches for the treatment of DM or mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found seven studies that aimed to verify the effects of antidepressants in patients diagnosed with DM, and eight studies that tested the effect of antidiabetic drugs in patients diagnosed with MDD or BD. Most studies published in the last two decades did not report a positive effect of antidepressants on glycemic control in patients with DM. On the other hand, antidiabetic drugs seem to have a positive effect on the treatment of MDD and BD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While effect of antidepressants on glycemic control in patients with DM is still controversial, the use of antidiabetic drugs may be a promising strategy for patients with MDD or BD. Prospective studies are still needed.Key pointsMood disorders in patients with DM affect glycemic control, potentially increasing mortality risk.The effect of antidepressants on glycemic control in patients with DM is still controversial. The coexistence of complicated DM and a mood disorders would require a careful, individualised, and comprehensive evaluation.Insulin resistance may increase the risk of depressive symptoms and is associated with worse outcomes in BD.The use antidiabetic drugs may be a promising strategy for patients with MDD or BD. However, prospective trials are needed to prove a potential antidepressant activity of antidiabetic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1957117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39275841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of phenomenological, clinical and familial psychiatric features of pediatric OCD and trichotillomania.","authors":"Dilşad Yıldız Miniksar,&nbsp;Tuğba Yüksel,&nbsp;Büşra Öz,&nbsp;Mikail Özdemir","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1933041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1933041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although trichotillomania (TTM) is classified in the obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) chapter of the DSM-5, several studies showed that it has several differences. The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenology, comorbidity, and family psychiatric characteristisc of childhood TTM and OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compared youth ages 6-17 years with a primary diagnosis of TTM (<i>n</i> = 63) to those with primary OCD (<i>n</i> = 65) on clinical and familial psychiatric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, the findings showed that family history of schizophrenia (42.3%) was higher among patients with TTM than the OCD group, while the history of OCD (55.8%) in the family was significantly higher among the OCD group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The behaviour of plucking eyebrows was significantly higher among patients with TTM comorbid OCD than patients with only trichotillomania. TTM patients with comorbid OCD had one-dimensional symptom distribution than the presence of the OCD-only group, and the severity of OCD was lower. The incidence of pathological doubting was higher among the TTM group with comorbid OCD, than those with only OCD diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support significant differences between OCD and TTM. Differences between OCD and TTM may reflect differences in underlying psychobiology, and may necessitate contrasting treatment approaches.KEYPOINTSWe aimed to compare the trichotillomania in itself and in the presence of OCD with the OCD group.Even if OCD accompanied trichotillomania, OCD symptom dimensions and severity were found to be lower than in the OCD-only group.Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder with different dimensions besides the OCD spectrum.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1933041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39090683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes after clozapine continuation in pregnancy.","authors":"Ramya Thanigaivel,&nbsp;Reece Bretag-Norris,&nbsp;Andrew Amos,&nbsp;Brett McDermott","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1936070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1936070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>While there is a general lack of evidence of the safety of antipsychotic medications in pregnancy, there is a specific reluctance to continue clozapine in treatment resistant patients who become pregnant. Our aim is to systematically review adverse maternal and infant outcomes following clozapine use during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review of all observational and intervention studies which highlighted adverse maternal and infant outcomes following clozapine continuation in pregnancy was undertaken. Article selection and quality were independently assessed and PRISMA guidelines adhered to.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 481 studies identified only two studies met the inclusion criteria. Both were rated as poor quality. The first found no significant increase in any adverse maternal or infant outcomes associated with antipsychotic exposure, except an increased rate of low birth weight in antipsychotic exposed babies. The number of patients exposed to clozapine was too small for separate statistical analysis. The second study found higher APGAR scoring at one minute for the clozapine group, but the scores were not statistically different at five-minutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Limited evidence was found to show significant adverse maternal and infant outcomes in pregnancy following clozapine continuation.Key messagesLimited evidence to show that clozapine has adverse effects on mother and infant when used during pregnancy.Risk/benefit analysis should be done thoroughly for each individual patient regarding clozapine continuation when pregnancy is confirmed.Close monitoring of mother and infant during perinatal period when clozapine is continued.Further research is needed to more clearly define the effects of clozapine on mother and infant during pregnancy and into the postnatal period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"178-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1936070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39079452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between telomere length and efficacy of oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics on severity and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.","authors":"Nisha Pippal,&nbsp;Sumita Halder,&nbsp;Shruti Srivastava,&nbsp;Rajarshi Kar,&nbsp;Rachna Gupta,&nbsp;Almeida Edelbert Anthonio","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1994613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1994613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the correlation between telomere length (TL) and long-acting injectable (LAI) and oral atypical antipsychotic (OAA) efficacy on schizophrenia (SCZ) severity and cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty Schizophrenia patients of 18-50 years and of either sex were included in a 12-week study. Thirty patients were recruited in each group, LAI and OAA. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS) neuropsychological battery tests were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. TL was estimated at baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed a significant improvement in PANSS and NIMHANS battery test scores after treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001) within the group, though not between the groups. Mean TL at baseline was 407.58 ± 143.93 and 443.40 ± 178.46 in LAI and OAA groups respectively. A significant negative correlation (<i>r</i> = -0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.03) of TL was seen with the mean change in negative PANSS score after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LAI antipsychotics are similar to OAA in decreasing the disorder severity and improving the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Also, patients who have shorter TL show greater improvement in the negative PANSS score. Hence, TL holds the potential of predicting antipsychotic drug response in schizophrenia patients.KEY POINTSLong-acting injectable antipsychotic was comparable to oral atypical antipsychotics in bringing out improvement in disorder severity, cognitive functions over 12 weeks.Shorter telomere length has been found to be associated with a greater response in negative symptoms of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39662555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 fear, happiness and stress in adults: the mediating role of psychological resilience and coping with stress.","authors":"Adem Peker,&nbsp;Serkan Cengiz","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1937656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1937656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of coping with stress and psychological resilience in the relationship between happiness and perceived stress of COVID-19 fear in Turkish adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>827 individuals (516 females, 311 males) above 18 years of age and living in Turkey participated in this research. The data of the research was collected through the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Depression-Happiness Scale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale Short Form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that fear of COVID-19 negatively predicts happiness and positively predicts perceived stress. According to the results, psychological resilience and coping with perceived stress mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and happiness and stress. Moreover, psychological resilience and coping with perceived stress mitigate the impact of COVID-19 fear on happiness and stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings provide evidence as to how to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health. In addition, the results provide information to improve mental health during the pandemic period.KEY POINTSPsychological resilience reduces the effect of COVID-19 on stress and increases happiness levels.Coping with stress reduces the impact of COVID-19 on stress and increases happiness levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1937656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39177928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD prevalence in the psychiatric population.","authors":"Sina Gerhand,&nbsp;Christopher W N Saville","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1914663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1914663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article presents a systematic literature review of the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the adult psychiatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases were searched using keywords relating to ADHD and psychiatric disorders. Fifteen studies published before May 2020 met inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence rates ranged from 6.9 to 38.75%. There was considerable heterogeneity with regards to the assessment methods of ADHD and comorbidities, the sampling as well as inclusion and exclusion of psychiatric comorbidities. Research concluded that ADHD is underdiagnosed in this population. Gender ratios also varied between 1.8:1 and 1:2.5 (male:female).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All ADHD prevalence rates for the psychiatric population were considerably higher than the 2.8% estimated for the general adult population. ADHD should be kept in mind for psychiatric patients to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment options.Key PointsADHD is considerably underdiagnosed in the psychiatric populationGender ratios between 1.8:1 and 1:2.5 (male:female) reported in researchMore research is needed to ascertain if the use of ADHD screening instruments would improve the recognition and treatment of adult ADHD in the psychiatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1914663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39039778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary investigation of Cyberchondria and its correlates in a clinical sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders attending a tertiary psychiatric clinic.","authors":"Matteo Vismara,&nbsp;Beatrice Benatti,&nbsp;Luca Ferrara,&nbsp;Anna Colombo,&nbsp;Monica Bosi,&nbsp;Alberto Varinelli,&nbsp;Luca Pellegrini,&nbsp;Caterina Viganò,&nbsp;Naomi A Fineberg,&nbsp;Bernardo Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1927107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1927107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives.</b> This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency and presentation of cyberchondria (CYB) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety disorders (ADs), and major depression disorder (MDD).<b>Methods.</b> Seventy-seven patients (OCD:25, ADs:26, MDD:26) referred to a tertiary psychiatry outpatient clinic and 27 healthy controls (HCs) were included. A 'working' definition of CYB was used to measure CYB frequency. CYB severity was measured with the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS).<b>Results.</b> CYB as currently defined was present in just 1.3% of the combined patients' sample. Using a broader definition (omitting the disability criterion), we found a higher distribution (OCD:12%, ADs:19.2%, MDD:15.4%, HCs:3.7%) and greater CYB symptom severity. Patients with OCD (63.3 ± 18.9) and ADs (63.3 ± 25.9) showed a higher CYB severity, compared with HCs (48.4 ± 9.9, <i>p</i><.05). In the combined patients' sample, a positive correlation was found between the CSS scores and measures of health anxiety or hypochondriasis. Higher CYB symptom severity emerged in patients with a positive family history of psychiatric disorders and in those prescribed benzodiazepines or mood-stabilisers.<b>Conclusion.</b> CYB represents a common transdiagnostic syndrome in patients with OCD, ADs, and MDD with a spectrum of severity and indicates a variable burden of illness, supporting the need for specific clinical considerations and interventions.Key pointsCyberchondria (CYB) represents a common transdiagnostic syndrome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and depressive disorders.CYB's frequency as a syndrome of compulsive online health searches associated with an increased anxiety and distress was reported in 10-20% patients.Health anxiety/hypochondriasis showed a strong correlation with CYB.Patients with a positive family history of psychiatric disorders and those prescribed benzodiazepines or mood-stabilisers showed higher CYB symptom severity.Considering the spread of Internet use for health-related information, additional studies investigating CYB in clinical samples are encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"111-122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13651501.2021.1927107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38934413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, loneliness, social isolation and risk of dementia in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant literature.","authors":"Carlo Lazzari,&nbsp;Marco Rabottini","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1959616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1959616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>During the COVID-19 lockdown, social isolation and feelings of loneliness (SIFL) in the older population have increased, and they can be a risk of dementia, especially in vulnerable older people. The current research is a systematic review meta-analysis of the studies that approach the risk of dementia in older people with SIFL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ten studies selected for meta-analysis utilised an opportunistic sample of older people in the community from age 50 to above with no dementia and enrolment. The populations consisted of cohorts of an average of 8,239 people, followed for a mean period of 6.41 years. Random effect meta-analysis summarised the Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios and Relative Risks of the individual studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of the meta-analysis show that in older people, the risk of developing dementia because of the impact of prolonged loneliness and social isolation is about 49 to 60% [HR/HR = 1.49; CI₉₅=1.37-1.61] higher than in those who are not lonely and socially isolated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biopsychosocial model of dementia supports the need for more integrated social programs and reduced risks for the older persons who, during the COVID-19 lockdown, have suffered from deprivation of support from primary carers and restricted social interactions.KeypointsDuring the COVID-19 lockdown, social isolation and feelings of loneliness in the general population have increased.Older persons are more vulnerable to social isolation and feelings of loneliness (SIFL).SIFL in older people has been associated with an increased risk of dementia.The current study's findings suggest the need to improve healthcare policies to reduce the impact of SIFL in older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39293297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial 2","authors":"S. Kasper","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2080928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2080928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"109 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46868751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic and white blood cells parameters in patients with first-episode psychosis: a pilot longitudinal study.","authors":"Libor Ustohal,&nbsp;Michaela Mayerova,&nbsp;Katerina Horska,&nbsp;Marie Obdrzalkova,&nbsp;Hana Crhova,&nbsp;Hana Prikrylova Kucerova,&nbsp;Eva Ceskova,&nbsp;Tomas Kasparek","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2021.1962357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2021.1962357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia are at higher risk of cardiovascular (CVS) related mortality. Close attention is being paid to the clinical utility of readily available CVS markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pilot one-year longitudinal study in inpatients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) was carried out to determine markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (monocyte- and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios) and basal blood pressure, pulse, and derived hemodynamic parameters (PP: pulse pressure; RPP: rate pressure product; and MAP: mean arterial pressure).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After one year, PP and RPP increased, as did systolic blood pressure and heart rate. Systolic blood pressure, PP, total white blood cells, and neutrophils correlated with weight gain. After one year, correlations between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and RPP and MAP were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study indicates worsening CVS health over the first year of treatment and emphasises the importance of early monitoring of CVS status using easily accessible parameters to prevent CVS-related mortality.Key pointsPatients with schizophrenia are at higher risk of cardiovascular mortality.The CVS risk could be evaluated using affordable, routinely available CVS markers such as monocyte- and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, blood pressure, and pulse together with the derived parameters.Our pilot study in first-episode psychosis patients indicates worsening of CVS health based on these parameters during the first year of treatment, the early monitoring of CVS status is highly relevant in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"26 2","pages":"213-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39297536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}