International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on tribological behavior of a binderless cemented carbide at high contact stress","authors":"Qingde Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of frictional evolution and associated damage mechanism during sliding wear conditions using binderless WC-based cemented carbide is lacking. In this study, the frictional evolution and corresponding transformation of microstructure, and wear mechanisms of Al₂O₃/WC-based cemented carbide due to the effect of different contact pressure, especially high pressure have been explored using a reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding wear tester, which was experimentally simulated following the ASTM <span><span>G133</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>–02 standard. The dynamic curves in friction coefficient with the sliding time were described. The microscopic 3D topography of contact surface was obtained by the MFP-3D atomic force microscope. The material removal and the wear rate were discussed. Worn surface morphologies at different moments, cross-sectional images of wear tracks at different loads, and wear debris were taken by field emission scanning electron microscope. The results suggested that the pressure plays a decisive role in frictional evolution and wear characteristics. Two models of frictional evolution were declared. A novel “surge” phenomena in friction coefficient was found and explained at high contact pressure. Wear transition from mild wear to severe wear was confirmed. More than one wear mechanism was observed, including micro-cutting (polishing), generation and propagation of cracks, cracking-induced spalling, plastic deformation, and the formation of tribolayer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced wear resistance and strength synergy in Ti3AlC2 MAX through in-situ synthesis of nano TiB2 heterostructure","authors":"Dongting Li ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Liyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Renquan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of science and technology poses the core parts and techniques of industrial tribo-systems facing more stringent situations like high temperature exceeding 600 °C. For this case, solid lubrication materials are required to possess high strength, low friction coefficient and high wear resistance over a wide temperature range. However, achieving such “strong wearable yet lubricated” materials have proven challenging. Here we report a unique reinforced strategy for lubricated Ti₃AlC₂ MAX ceramic by in-situ synthesis of nano TiB₂ heterostructure, which results in a superior high temperature strength and lubrication simultaneously excess other traditional solid-lubrication materials. Such TiB₂/Ti₃AlC₂ composite employs a high level of compressive strength (1120 MPa ∼ 1368 MPa), wear resistance (&lt;10^‐⁵ mm³/(N∙m)) and low friction coefficient (&lt;0.4) at even 800 °C. We show that its unusual properties stem from the introduction of TiB₂ nanocrystalline densified and strengthened the Ti₃AlC₂ matrix thus to ensure the high strength. Meanwhile, the TiB₂ also undergoes rapid oxidation along high temperatures friction, resulting in the formation of a continuous and smooth lubricative tribofilm containing solid lubricant B₂O₃, leading to exceptional solid lubrication effect at high temperature. Our finding provides a potential material portfolio and a new design strategy for high temperature solid-lubricative applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142330055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of boron and nitrogen impurities in diamonds synthesized at high pressure and high temperature","authors":"Zhiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Ziqi Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Bowei Li ,&nbsp;Qianyu Guo ,&nbsp;Aokai Xu ,&nbsp;Shengxue Wang ,&nbsp;Hongan Ma ,&nbsp;Liangchao Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of nitrogen on the growth of boron-doped diamonds was investigated by removing or adding nitrogen impurities. Optical microscopy images showed that adding a small amount of boron to nitrogen-free diamond completely transformed the diamond into an opaque black color. In the presence of small amounts of boron, the addition of nitrogen diminished the chromogenic properties of boron impurities in diamond. The FTIR spectra showed a compensatory interaction between boron and nitrogen in diamond, causing a portion of the nitrogen to exist as N⁺ center. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that adding small amounts of nitrogen to diamond reduced the stresses in the diamond and improved its quality, whereas adding excessive amounts of nitrogen reduced the quality. The Hall effect measurements showed that adding nitrogen to boron-doped diamond reduced its p-conductivity, causing an increase in its resistivity and a decrease in its carrier concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al0.2CrNbTiV lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy","authors":"Liyan Lou ,&nbsp;Tianhui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhijiang Bi ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihai Cai ,&nbsp;Ji Zhou ,&nbsp;Ruohui Shuai ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Haidou Wang ,&nbsp;Chengxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DSC analysis and heat treatment of the newly proposed Al_0.2CrNbTiV lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting was investigated, and the evolutions of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy after homogenization annealing at 650 °C, 850 °C and 1050 °C for 12 h were analyzed. The results show that the Al_0.2CrNbTiV high-entropy alloy could maintain stable BCC solid solution structure from room temperature to 800 °C. The alloy annealed at 650 °C exhibited simple BCC structure with coarse equiaxed grains; after annealing at 850 °C, fine acicular and irregular block-like C14 Laves phases were uniformly precipitated in the grain and grain boundaries, meanwhile, the C14 Laves phase get coarser with the annealing temperature increased to 1050 °C. With the increase of annealing temperature, the microhardness of the Al_0.2CrNbTiV alloy increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum value of 692 HV after annealing at 850 °C. Due to the high dislocation density and the formation of kink bands, the alloy annealed at 650 °C showed a good combination of plastic and strength, with the work hardening ability strengthened simultaneously, the compressive yield strength could be up to 1454 MPa, with strain &gt;50 %. Due to the precipitation of the hard and brittle C14 Laves phase, the load-bearing capacity of the alloy was reduced after annealing at 850 °C and 1050 °C. However, the wear resistance of the alloy also improved with the presence of the hard phase. The friction coefficient of Al_0.2CrNbTiV alloy annealed at 650 °C is 0.67, with the abrasive wear acting as the main wear mechanism, and the alloy after annealing at 850 °C shew the best wear resistance, with the friction coefficient of 0.63, and delamination wear mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening mechanisms and research progress in the W/Cu interfaces","authors":"Lai-Ma Luo ,&nbsp;Xi-Peng Ding ,&nbsp;Wang-Zhi Xu ,&nbsp;Cai-Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Qiang Qin ,&nbsp;Yu-Cheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten‑copper (W<img>Cu) composites integrate the high melting point, strength, and superior wear and arc resistance of tungsten with the exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity and good plasticity of copper. This combination makes them ideal for applications requiring high thermal conductivity and resistance to high temperatures. However, producing high-quality composites is challenging due to the significant differences in crystal structure and physical properties between tungsten and copper. Under high temperature load conditions, the W<img>Cu interface is subjected to substantial thermal stresses, which can lead to crack formation and eventual material failure. This review systematically analyzes methods to enhance the bonding strength of the W/Cu interface, suppress crack initiation and propagation, and mitigate interface thermal stresses. The focus is on physical bonding, chemical bonding, and the design and preparation of W<img>Cu functionally graded materials (FGMs). The mechanisms for strengthening the W/Cu interface are elucidated. Additionally, this review addresses the effects of grain refinement and work hardening at the interface on the microstructure and overall properties of W<img>Cu composites. Finally, the review summarizes the prospects for W/Cu interface research and highlights the challenges for future investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powder rheology and characterization of new and zinc recycled WC-6wt%Co powders","authors":"C.S. Freemantle ,&nbsp;N. Sacks","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Four industrially manufactured WC-6wt%Co powders were studied in terms of bulk properties, morphology and powder rheology. Two powders, comprising 100 % fresh raw material, a 100 % zinc recycled powder and a powder comprising 60 wt% zinc recycled and 40 wt% new material, were investigated. The powders were produced from both laboratory and production mills utilizing a typical powder metallurgical process route, that produced spherically shaped, granulated powders in the 45-212 μm size range. Powder screen fractions of 45-63 μm, 90-125 μm and 150-180 μm were studied in detail using an FT4 powder rheometer as well as optical and scanning electron microscopy. Apparent density, flow rate tests and powder rheology revealed that dense granules behaved most consistently, with the smallest differences in flow rates, density and flow energy for differently sized particles, compared to hollow granules. New powder and 100 % zinc recycled powder of the 45-63 μm size range were exposed to 75 % relative humidity for 24 h and experienced higher cohesion, high flow energies and poor rheological behaviour compared to dry powders, independent of their recycling history. Shear and friction tests could not distinguish the powders clearly, while dynamic analysis, aeration, de-aeration, permeability and compressibility tests revealed that the powders' flow energy and response to air depended primarily on particle size and the presence of fines. Zinc recycled powders behaved the same way as new powders if their granule microstructure and particle size distribution was the same, with the formation of ideal dense granules resulting from slurries spray dried with a high yield stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-dependent mechanical responses of twinned Nanocrystalline HfNbZrTi refractory high-entropy alloy","authors":"Yihan Wu,&nbsp;Zhiwen Bai,&nbsp;Gaosheng Yan,&nbsp;Wenshan Yu,&nbsp;Shengping Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atomistic simulations are performed to study the size-dependent mechanical responses of HfNbZrTi refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) containing ultrafine grains and highly oriented twin boundaries (TBs). The strength and flow stress of nanocrystalline RHEA (NC-RHEA) under tensile loadings are explored versus decreasing grain size <em>d</em>. The transition from classical Hall-Petch (HP) strengthening to inverse HP softening at a critical grain size <em>d</em>_c = 5.91 nm is attributed to the change of plastic deformation mechanisms from dislocation emission and phase transformation to grain boundary (GB) activities. Besides, the intragranular TBs considerably enhance the strength of nanotwinned RHEA (NT-RHEA); the enhancing effect reduces with decreasing twin thickness <em>λ</em>. As the volume fraction of GB increases with decreasing <em>d</em>, GB activities dominate the plasticity of NT-RHEA and cause comparable mechanical properties with NC-RHEA. Moreover, the influences of dislocation glide, phase transformation and twinning on the mechanical properties of RHEA are quantified and separately analyzed to further verify our simulation results. Findings of this study not only promote insights into the nanostructure-property relation of HfNbZrTi, but also shed the light on performance enhancement through nanostructural design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing coatings mechanical performance by advanced laser deposition of WCCoCr-colmonoy composites","authors":"V. Errico,&nbsp;P. Posa,&nbsp;A. Angelastro,&nbsp;S.L. Campanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manufacturing industry's focus on achieving surfaces with advanced mechanical performance is driven by objectives of competitiveness, sustainability, and efficiency. This study explores the use of Directed Energy Deposition-Laser Beam (DED-LB) process to create Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) coatings with high mechanical properties, consisting of a nickel-based alloy (Colmonoy 227-F) reinforced with WC-Co-Cr particles, deposited on a 316 L steel substrate. The specific aims of this research are to optimize the DED-LB process parameters and investigate the effect of different reinforcement percentages on the mechanical properties of MMC coatings. The objectives include evaluating the microstructural integrity, hardness, and material distribution of coatings with varying WC-Co-Cr reinforcement levels. The DED-LB technique offers advantages such as localized heat input, rapid cooling rates for finer microstructures, and controlled bonding between substrate and coating. Particularly, it allows for the creation of MMCs, including ceramic-reinforced ones, known for their enhanced mechanical properties. However, managing the dissolution of ceramic reinforcement within the metal matrix remains a challenge.</div><div>In this research, two reinforcement percentages (10 % and 40 % WC-Co-Cr) were investigated to optimize the process parameters and enhance mechanical properties. Microstructural analysis showed that coatings with 10 % reinforcement maintained a spherical morphology, while 40 % exhibited a slight dispersion of individual carbide grains within the matrix. Vickers hardness tests indicated hardness values of 375 ± 15 HV for 10 % and 490 ± 10 HV for 40 %, with the pure matrix hardness measured at 325 ± 10 HV. This demonstrates the reinforcement effect in both composite coatings. Chemical composition analysis confirmed proper distribution of elements.</div><div>The study demonstrates that MMC coatings produced through laser deposition with optimized parameters exhibit favorable microstructures, increased hardness, and correct material distribution. The scientific novelty of this work lies in demonstrating that a high level of reinforcement (40 %) can be incorporated without metallurgical defects, enhancing the mechanical properties significantly beyond typical reinforcement levels. These findings are essential for improving mechanical performance and wear resistance in high abrasive load applications. The research contributes valuable insights into optimizing DED-LB processes for advanced MMC coatings, crucial for sustainable and efficient manufacturing practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263436824003469/pdfft?md5=309e50d6d35a18a150802f902db37dff&pid=1-s2.0-S0263436824003469-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ crack propagation dynamics in multicomponent ultra-high temperature carbides","authors":"Ambreen Nisar ,&nbsp;Sohail M.A.K. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Gia Garino ,&nbsp;Udit Kumar ,&nbsp;Denny John ,&nbsp;Brandon A. Aguiar ,&nbsp;Sudipta Seal ,&nbsp;Arvind Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid-solutioning in multicomponent ultra-high temperature ceramics (MC-UHTCs) has been shown to improve their thermo-mechanical properties unattainable by conventional UHTCs. Herein, MC-UHTCs are synthesized by varying the components from binary up to quaternary in (Ta,Nb,Hf,Ti)C system using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The present work identifies real-time quantitative failure events such as cracking, crack propagation and fracture using a high-speed camera during 4-point flexural testing in MC-UHTCs. Quaternary UHTCs showed the highest flexural strength of 726 MPa, representing an improvement of ∼166 % over binary and ∼ 24 % over ternary UHTCs. This has been attributed to processing-induced solid solutions and sub-micron feature defects, such as dislocations, intergrain twisting, and plasticity, revealed from the high-resolution microscopy. Crack-propagation rate significantly depreciated over 37 times in quaternary UHTC. An improvement in crack shielding is observed in quaternary UHTC, showcasing the highest fracture toughness at 4.7 MPa·m^0.5, surpassing binary and ternary UHTCs by ∼270 % and ∼ 166 %, respectively. The lower mechanical properties in binary UHTCs are also attributed to high porosity. Post-fracture microstructural analysis supports this finding due to the presence of river patterns contrived by crack-arrest at grain boundary or crack re-initiation in different orientations. The study reveals the exceptional damage tolerance of quaternary UHTCs over other compositions, making them a potential structural material for hypersonic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of low degree of deformation on the corrosion resistance of pure tantalum in corrosive media","authors":"Junjun Yuan,&nbsp;Yingjun Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Hou,&nbsp;Jianhui Zhong,&nbsp;Dunqiang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of minor deformation on the corrosion resistance of pure tantalum in strongly acidic and alkaline solutions. The electrochemical behavior of samples with varying degrees of deformation was characterized through open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that in acidic solutions, the corrosion current density and EIS results suggest that low degree deformation reduces the corrosion resistance of tantalum viewed from a kinetic perspective. Conversely, in alkaline solutions, the corrosion potential shifts towards more positive values, but the corrosion current density remains relatively stable, and the electrochemical impedance increases, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance in minor deformed tantalum samples. Analysis reveals that in acidic solutions, the corrosion resistance is primarily affected by the density of geometrically necessary dislocations and the degree of strain, whereas in alkaline solutions, the crystal orientation and grain boundaries are the predominant factors influencing the corrosion resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 106899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}