International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"High-temperature oxidation performance and corrosion resistance of laser cladded MoNbVTa0.5Six(x=0,0.5) refractory high-entropy alloys","authors":"Jianhong Peng ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Lu ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Ouchuan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the performance differences between MoNbVTa_0.5Si_x (x = 0,0.5) refractory high-entropy alloy coatings fabricated by laser cladding. The phase composition, high-temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, and microhardness of the coating were explicitly discussed. The phase composition indicates that both are composed of a main BCC phase, and MoNbVTa_0.5Si_0.5 also has a silicide phase. Due to the dense and uniform SiO₂ oxide layer covering the coating surface, MoNbVTa_0.5Si_0.5 exhibits better oxidation resistance in high-temperature oxidation tests. The mass gain of MoNbVTa_0.5Si_0.5 is 7.11 mg·cm⁻² at 800 °C, which is greater than that of MoNbVTa_0.5 (5.24 mg·cm⁻²). But It is 68 mg·cm⁻² and 67 mg·cm⁻² at 1000 and 1200 °C, less than 73 mg·cm⁻² and 71 mg·cm⁻² of MoNbVTa_0.5. The electrochemical test shows that the self-corrosion current of MoNbVTa_0.5Si_0.5 is 0.030 μA·cm⁻², the self-corrosion current of MoNbVTa_0.5 is 0.032 μA·cm⁻². The results of microhardness tests show that the average hardness of MoNbVTa_0.5Si_0.5 is 772 HV, greater than that of MoNbVTa_0.5 (743 HV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study for microstructure and properties of Mo2TiAlC2 MAX phase: Linking first-principle simulation and experimental approach","authors":"Jiachen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingze Na ,&nbsp;Pengfa Feng ,&nbsp;Yufei Zuo ,&nbsp;Fanshu Geng ,&nbsp;Tiantian Ma ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Guojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haijun Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the MAX Mo₂TiAlC₂ bulk, a new layered ternary carbide with excellent mechanical properties, was synthesized via hot-pressing sintering. The phase and microstructure of MAX Mo₂TiAlC₂ were revealed with respect to the effects of different soaking durations by means of X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, its unique layered structure was disclosed by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness of MAX Mo₂TiAlC₂ with different soaking durations were measured by means of compression tests and three-point bending tests. The spectacular mechanical properties in different directions caused by the lamellar structure and the unique atomic bonding were discussed by combining the first-principles calculations with the fracture morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Densification and property improvement of Mo-Cu immiscible alloys processed by repressing and re-sintering","authors":"Ning Luo ,&nbsp;Manhua Chen ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Ding ,&nbsp;Benrui Hai ,&nbsp;Bingbo Niu ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Wu ,&nbsp;Di Mei ,&nbsp;Qingkui Li ,&nbsp;Jilin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mo-Cu immiscible alloys, due to their good electrical and thermal conductivities as well as excellent mechanical properties, exhibit great application potential as electrical-contact and thermal-management materials in power transportation, domestic appliance and electronic information fields. However, the immiscibility and low wetting ability of Mo and Cu tend to cause that the low relative density and poor physical-mechanical properties of Mo-Cu alloys prepared by conventional powder metallurgy technologies. In this work, repressing and re-sintering technologies together with powder pretreatment are employed to densify Mo-25Cu (wt%) immiscible alloys processed by a liquid sintering with H₂ protection and thus improve their physical-mechanical properties. The results indicate that microstructures of all alloys mainly consist of Mo phase domains surrounded by mesh Cu phases. With repressing and re-sintering proceeding, relative densities and physical-mechanical properties of the alloys processed by whether the mixed powder or the milled powder both gradually increase. This mainly results from two aspects of reasons: i) the capillary filling effect of Cu melt during the sintering and ii) the collective motion of two phases dominated by the plastic deformation of meshy Cu phase during the isostatic loading. More importantly, it is found that all properties of the consolidated alloys using the milled powder are better, which could be attributed to the relatively even microstructure because of the more homogeneous phase distribution in the milled powder. This study can promote the advance of investigations on processing, microstructure and properties of high-performance immiscible alloys manufactured by net shape forming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of selective laser melting process parameters on the microstructure and properties of WCu20 composite","authors":"Fenqiang Li ,&nbsp;Jiawei Shu,&nbsp;Qianting Wang ,&nbsp;Jiehao Ding,&nbsp;Xin Xu,&nbsp;Jun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten‑copper (W<img>Cu) composites hold great promise as electrically conductive materials. However, traditional manufacturing methods, such as powder metallurgy, are unsuitable for producing dense and complex W<img>Cu components. Recently, additive manufacturing methods have been explored for preparation, but variations in process parameters significantly affect the quality of the components. Determining optimized process parameters for quality products is a challenging yet crucial issue. In this study, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology was used to fabricate W-Cu20wt.% composites. The effects of laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness on the density and microhardness of W<img>Cu20 composites were explored. The densification mechanism of W<img>Cu20 composites during the SLM process was discussed. The results indicated that using a laser power of 320 W, scanning speed of 400 mm/s, layer thickness of 30 μm, and hatch spacing of 40 μm produced a dense and uniformly structured W<img>Cu20 composite successfully, with a maximum relative density of up to 98.1 %. W-Cu20 specimens with a density above 96 % exhibited hardness levels greater than 230 HV, with the optimum hardness being 256 HV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of laser machining process on the ablation amount and organizational properties of cemented carbide","authors":"Quan Wan,&nbsp;Xueyuan Tang,&nbsp;Jikai Yi,&nbsp;Weizhe Zhong,&nbsp;Shucai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser processing technology, with its non-contact, high-precision characteristics, has brought new hope for the processing of cemented carbide tools, and greatly expanded the application potential of cemented carbide. But there is a lack of research on the mechanism of laser ablation and material evolution of cemented carbide materials. This study examines the factors that influence the amount of ablation through two-factor experiments. Two laser machining processes, namely the Variable Parameter Indexing Alternate Machining (VPIAM) process and the Laser Enhanced Preparation Machining (LEPM) process,are proposed and compared to the conventional Unidirectional Continuous Ablation Machining (UCAM) process. To investigate the effects of the three processes on cemented carbide, comparative analyses of ablation amount, organizational properties, surface morphology, and surface roughness of the materials were performed under the three machining processes, and the relevant mechanisms were summarized. In this study, the power, pulse overlap rate, and line overlap rate of laser processing were regulated, and the experimental data were integrated. The results showed that the backfill effect occurs under the remelting and slag deposition effects, and the amount of material ablation under UCAM is small. The VPIAM technique effectively reduces the hindrance of slag and remelting during the ablation process by integrating slag removal and indexing processing. The increase in material ablation can range from 13.07 to 60.2 um, with a growth rate of 236–628 %. Using the LEPM process, the remelted layer undergoes several laser shocks, resulting in the total elimination of micro-cracks. Furthermore, the material particles within the reinforced layer undergo a refinement process, and some of these particles form bonds with the remelted layer. The layer reinforced with material exhibits a higher degree of uniformity and straightness, enhancing the surface characteristics of the processed material to some extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental research on the double-sided grinding of PCBN materials with different microstructures","authors":"Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Wu ,&nbsp;Hongfei Yao ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PCBN is the most suitable tool material for machining of ferrous materials, the double-sided grinding is the necessary operation in preparation of PCBN tools. In this paper, surface roughness and material removal rate in double-sided grinding of PCBN materials with different grain sizes and binder phases are studied. Based on the results, the PCBN material with low Al content achieves lower surface roughness and higher material removal rate. The binder phase with low Al content exhibits greater binding strength and is more difficult to remove, it also reduces the possibility of the spalling pit formation on the machined surface. The grain size of PCBN has a greater influence on surface roughness and material removal rate. The PCBN material with small grain size presents superior surface quality and material removal rate, and is easier to remove. The optimal double-sided grinding parameters are obtained for PCBN tools, the upper abrasive disc speed of 20 rpm, the lower abrasive disc speed of 30 rpm and the inner pin ring speed of 30 rpm, the grinding pressure of 300 kPa. The results can guide the actual preparation process for PCBN tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm in uniaxial wear testing for ceramics and ceramic coatings","authors":"Mark Gee,&nbsp;Tim Kamps,&nbsp;Peter Woolliams","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes a uniaxial test system that acquires a full data set of information in real time in situ consisting of an image and topographical map of all the wear surface of the disc, together with other signals such as the applied load and friction load. This enables comprehensive off line analysis of results that enables the understanding of tribological phenomena that occur during wear.</div><div>The utility of the test system was demonstrated through tests on four tribological systems. The process of failure for the two thin coatings tested showed two different failure modes, indicating that failure of the CrAlN coating took place through a sudden delamination process, but the DLC coating failed by a gradual process of removal of coating through abrasion.</div><div>The other two cases showed examples of the formation and dynamics of transfer layers, including movement, removal and reforming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SPS sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the WNbTaVTi refractory high entropy alloy","authors":"Lei Huang ,&nbsp;Shunhua Chen ,&nbsp;Yafei Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the plasticity of WNbTaV refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) at room temperature, the WNbTaVTi RHEA was successfully synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the WNbTaVTi RHEA was investigated. The WNbTaVTi powders after 24 h of ball milling predominantly consisted of individual elemental components, with no detectable amorphous phases or alloy formation. RHEAs sintered at 1500 and 1600 °C were primarily composed of a BCC phase and a TiO phase, whereas those sintered at 1400 °C included a BCC phase, TiO phase, and a small amount of W-rich phase. The presence of the W-rich phase was due to the insufficient diffusion of high-melting-point W atoms during rapid heating. As the sintering temperature increased, the grain size and relative density of the WNbTaVTi RHEA rose, while the dislocation density decreased. The compressive plasticity of RHEA decreased with the increase of sintering temperature, while the Vickers hardness, nanohardness, and compressive strength first increased and then decreased, which was related to the combined effects of solid-solution strengthening enhancement, reduction in porosity, grain growth, and increased dislocation mobility. At the sintering temperature of 1500 °C, the RHEA demonstrated optimal comprehensive performance, with a yield strength of 2310.1 MPa, a compressive strength of 2893.3 MPa, and a fracture strain of 12.6 %. The properties of the present WNbTaVTi RHEA surpassed those of most RHEAs documented in literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic strain aging and serrated flow behaviour of Ta-2.5 W alloy","authors":"Yaohua Yang ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compression behaviour of the Ta-2.5 W alloy was investigated over the temperature range from room temperature to 450 °C at strain rates of 0.001 s⁻¹, 0.01 s⁻¹, 0.1 s⁻¹, 1 s⁻¹, 5 s⁻¹, and 10 s⁻¹. The test results are thoroughly analysed with particular attention to the typical features and mechanism of dynamic strain aging (DSA) and its effects on microstructure evolution. The stress-strain curves clearly exhibit the serrated flow behaviour, and a continuous variation in serration style from A to A + B or A + C_A with increasing deformation temperature occurred. The typical characteristics of serrated yielding, positive temperature sensitivity in flow stress, increased work hardening rate and negative strain rate sensitivity indicate the occurrence of DSA. With increasing accumulated strain, the negative strain rate sensitive region moves to high temperatures and contracts at low strain rates, whereas it expands at higher strain rates. The alloy exhibited both normal and inverse Portevin-Le Chatelier effects, which originate from the interaction between interstitial or substitutional solute atoms and moving dislocations, resulting in the appearance of planar slip, dislocation loops and dislocation walls. Higher strain rates and DSA inhibit dynamic recovery and result in higher dislocation densities and low angle grain boundary frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temperature dependence of hardness and toughness for polycrystalline diamond materials","authors":"Shizhan Huang ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhengxing Dong ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline diamond materials (PCD), known for ultra-high hardness and wear resistance, are widely used in cutting tools, petroleum drilling, and grinding machines. However, its excellent performance is limited by its extreme brittleness and sensitivity to high temperatures. Studying the hardness and toughness of PCD materials is crucial for evaluating their potential applications under extreme conditions. The hardness and toughness of PCD materials under different temperature and load conditions are examined in this paper. Vickers hardness and dynamic elastic modulus tests were performed to develop a mathematical model for evaluating fracture toughness. The results show that the hardness of PCD materials decreases as the temperature rises from 20 °C to 600 °C, with the rate of decline becoming more pronounced at higher temperatures. The fracture toughness is initially weakened with rising temperature but increases with further temperature rise after 400 °C. At different temperatures, the fracture and crack propagation of PCD materials are closely related to factors such as stress conditions, cobalt bonding phase, grain boundary structure, and internal defects. In particular, the mode of crack propagation is predominantly transgranular fracture, with very few instances of intergranular fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}