International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Bauschinger effect in wear of in situ formed TiCx/high Cr white iron composite against Si3N4 counter-ball","authors":"Jipeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunjin Lai ,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Li ,&nbsp;Dongtao Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unidirectional and bidirectional sliding tests for using Si₃N₄ ceramic as the grinding ball sliding with the circular motion against in situ formed TiC_x/high Cr white iron composite (TiC_x/HCWI) were performed to study the wear behaviors. The cyclic numbers CN = 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 were adopted to observe the friction coefficient, wear volume loss, roughness (S_a) and the height difference between the peak and valley (S_pv) for the worn surface. The wear mechanism was analyzed by combining the micromorphology of unidirectional and bidirectional wear with the microstress analysis by simulation. Bauschinger effect appears obviously due to greater residual stress in bidirectional wear (CN = 10). This work provides a reference for the application of TiC_x/HCWI about how to reduce the wear rate and giving full play to the advantage of wear resistance, and has important research value for optimizing processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method of electrochemical pretreatment for CVD diamond coating: Cobalt removal and polishing of cemented carbide tools","authors":"Ye Xu,&nbsp;Ming Lu,&nbsp;Yongguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deposition of diamond coatings on cemented carbide (WC–Co) tool surfaces using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an effective method for improving tool life. However, it is necessary to perform a cobalt removal pretreatment on the WC–Co tools to mitigate the catalytic graphitization effect. In this study, a pretreatment process based on electrochemical selective dissolution is proposed. By controlling the voltage and treatment time, this process enables the efficient removal of cobalt from the tool surface and simultaneous polishing of the cutting edge. Experimental results show that increasing the voltage improves the surface polishing effect, but excessive voltage leads to severe edge passivation. As treatment time increases, cobalt removal becomes faster, but once a limit is reached, further extension of the time no longer enhances cobalt removal efficiency. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations reveal that the electrochemical potential difference between cobalt and WC drives selective cobalt dissolution. After pretreatment, the tools were coated with diamond using CVD method. The resulting diamond coatings were dense, crack-free, and had a high proportion of diamond phase, demonstrating the high quality of the coatings. This proposed electrochemical pretreatment method provides an efficient, controllable, and innovative solution for the surface pretreatment of WC–Co tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition-driven twinning activation and dynamic strain hardening in Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite","authors":"Kuo Li ,&nbsp;Zundang Xie ,&nbsp;Yujia Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An in-situ Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite Ti₄₃Zr₃₂Ni₇Ta₄Be₁₄ (at. %), optimized via compositional refinement from Ti₄₃Zr₃₂Ni₆Ta₅Be₁₄ (at. %), achieves more exceptional dynamic mechanical performance through twinning activation. This composite demonstrates enhanced yield strength (1712–1811 MPa) and plasticity (3.3 %) under dynamic loading (1000–1500/s), outperforming the one before optimizing, by utilizing synergistic twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation mechanisms to counteract matrix softening mechanism. Compositional tuning reduces stacking fault energy via electronegativity/atomic radius optimization (e.g., Ni substitution for Ta), facilitating deformation twinning and stress redistribution at glass-crystal interfaces. Finite element analysis and a modified Johnson-Cook model validate the synergy between strain-rate strengthening, adiabatic heating, and interfacial load transfer, while multiscale microstructural characterization confirms shear bands evolution, dislocation mechanism and twins as critical plasticity enhancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of TiC–Cr7C3–Fe composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering","authors":"Jiayu Ou ,&nbsp;Guangxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingbiao Peng ,&nbsp;Weimin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zheng ,&nbsp;Kaihong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of TiC and Cr₇C₃ contents on the mechanical and wear properties of carbide particles reinforced iron composites are investigated in the present work. Firstly, the Cr₇C₃–TiC–Fe composites designed from CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Subsequently, their microstructure, hardness, and wear property were measured by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester, and three-body abrasive wear tester, respectively. Finally, the relationship between carbide contents and mechanical or wear property was discussed. The results show that Cr₇C₃–TiC–Fe composites with excellent wear property can be used as attractive candidates of wear-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence and mechanism of annealing temperature on the crushing strength of W layer prepared by chemical vapor deposition for nuclear thermal propulsion: Experimental and modeling analysis","authors":"Lihua Guo ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Linyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Jinwei Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of tungsten (W)-coated fuel particles represents one of the pivotal strategies for enhancing the performance of cermet fuel. An intact W coating not only facilitates effective containment of fission products, enabling uniform dispersion of the fuel, but also effectively hinders the inward diffusion of the operating medium (H₂), thereby reducing fuel loss. However, during the preparation of cermet fuel, external pressure is often employed simultaneously to achieve high densification of the fuel pellets. In such scenarios, high external pressure may lead to damage to the W coating, rendering it ineffective in fulfilling its designed functions. Given this situation, the present study investigates the compressive performance of W layer annealed at different temperatures by experiments and simulations. The experimental results indicate that as the annealing temperature increases from 900 °C to 2300 °C, the maximum loading force value on the coated particles gradually decreases, ranging from 381.58 N to 135.99 N. Concurrently, the average grain size grows from an initial 0.36 μm at 900 °C to 13.30 μm at 2300 °C. Finite element simulations reveals that the fracture of W-coated particles initiates within the W layer itself, indicating that the crushing strength of the coated particles is equivalent to the crushing strength of the W layer. As the annealing temperature rises, the crushing strength of the W layer initially exhibits an increase, from 869.96 MPa at 900 °C to 874.59 MPa at 1500 °C. Subsequently, it declines to 750.10 MPa at 2300 °C. This trend can be attributed to the combined influences of surface densification and W grain size. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion on how grain size, influenced by annealing temperature, affects the crushing strength of the W layer is also conducted by the analysis of stress distribution. This study explores, for the first time, the variation in crushing strength of W coatings with annealing temperature, thereby offering robust support for the optimized preparation of cermet fuels used in NTP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution of WMoNbTiCrAlx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) multi-principal element alloys","authors":"Ágata Mayara Paula Pontes ,&nbsp;Leandro Bernardes Serrano ,&nbsp;Kátia Regina Cardoso ,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Monge ,&nbsp;Begoña Savoini Cardiel ,&nbsp;Antonio Augusto Araújo Pinto da Silva ,&nbsp;Geovani Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) based on refractory metals have been studied as potential candidates to replace Ni-based superalloys due to their superior melting temperatures and the promising initial high-temperature properties demonstrated by certain compositions. However, a significant drawback of these refractory metal-based alloys is their high density and low ductility at room temperature. It is known that the addition of Al in MPEAs contributes to reducing density, increasing hardness, and stabilizing the BCC phase. In this study, the influence of Al on the microstructure of five new multi-principal element refractory alloys produced by arc melting, using high-purity raw elements, WMoNbTiCrAlₓ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), was analyzed. ThermoCalc software was utilized to support the interpretation of the experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed on all alloys in both as-cast and heat-treated (1200 °C/24 h) conditions. Additionally, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses were performed on the heat-treated alloys. The as-cast alloys exhibited a highly segregated BCC phase with a dendritic structure. After heat treatment, the alloys predominantly presented a BCC phase, with a small volume fraction of the Laves phase being observed. Nanoindentation tests indicated that the addition of Al increases hardness, from 10.5 to 12.2 GPa. Regarding density, there was a decrease with increasing Al content, from 9.7982 to 8.7745 g/cm³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the comprehensive performance enhancement of polycrystalline diamond compact by initial diamond particle ratio optimization and cobalt removal treatment","authors":"Xueqi Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Tu ,&nbsp;Baochang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global oil and gas exploration was towards deep and ultra-deep formations. The complex drilling environment of the deep formations put forward higher requirements on the performance of drill bit materials. As the most commonly used drill bit materials in oil drilling, the performance of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) directly affected the drilling efficiency, drilling quality and drilling cost. Extensive researches showed that the diamond particle ratio optimization and cobalt removal treatment could highly improve the performance of PDC cutters. Therefore, in this paper, high performance PDCs with trimodal diamond particle size was prepared and the cobalt binder in polycrystalline diamond table was removed by acid leaching methods. The performance of cobalt-removed trimodal particle size PDC samples was compared with cobalt-removed single particle size PDC to study the influence of particles size on the performance of cobalt removal PDC. The performance test results showed that the abrasion resistance of trimodal diamond particle size PDC was improved by two-fold after the cobalt removal treatment, and compared with single particle size PDC after cobalt removal, it also was improved by 33 %. After diamond particle ratio optimization, the impact toughness of PDCs was also improved by up to 110.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of surface energy and plasticity in determining the fracture toughness of tantalum and tungsten","authors":"Sajjad Hossain ,&nbsp;Hunter K. Brumblay ,&nbsp;Gregory B. Thompson ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Weinberger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the influence of impurities on the fracture behavior of tungsten (W) and tantalum (Ta) by examining their effects on ideal cleavage energy and fracture toughness. Using density functional theory (DFT), we calculated the reduction in ideal cleavage energy for both the {100} and {110} crystallographic planes of W and Ta due to various impurities, with He, O, P, and S showing significant embrittling effects. These reductions are converted to fracture toughness and incorporated into a dislocation dynamics model to predict changes in the brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT). While both metals exhibit increased brittleness with impurity introduction, tungsten is more sensitive to these effects. Additionally, impurity segregation at grain boundaries, even in ultrapure tungsten, could exacerbate embrittlement due to locally higher impurity concentrations, though experimental evidence for this segregation remains limited. However, small amounts (less than 0.1 %) of impurities, as found in ultrapure tungsten, have minimal impact on the fracture behavior of single-crystal tungsten. This work provides a comprehensive assessment of impurity effects on the fracture properties of W and Ta, offering critical insights for high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A discrete element method for mechanical behavior analysis of single-crystal silicon at different temperatures","authors":"Chuangting Lin ,&nbsp;Weijing Xu ,&nbsp;Longxing Liao ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-crystal silicon (sc-Si) is a typical infrared material widely used in industries such as semiconductors and infrared imaging. At room temperature, sc-Si exhibits high hardness and brittleness, making it prone to defects like collapse and crack during processing. However, at elevated temperatures, sc-Si can undergo plastic deformation, which is of great significance for improving its manufacturing accuracy. Therefore, the effect of temperature on mechanical behavior of sc-Si was analyzed. Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was used to simulate the effect of temperature on crack generation and propagation during the deformation of sc-Si. Then, nanoindentation and scratching tests were performed to compare the material's mechanical properties and removal processes at various temperatures. The results shows that the ductile machinability and the inhibition of crack propagation improve with increasing temperature. As the temperature rises, the hardness decreases, while the elastic modulus increases. The critical load required to induce cracks increases from 60 mN at room temperature to 100 mN at 400 °C. Elevated temperatures enhance the depth of the ductile-brittle transition of sc-Si, helping to suppress crack formation during scratching. These findings provide valuable insights into the deformation behavior of sc-Si, offering support for the manufacturing of sc-Si.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-Ti-Al alloy fabricated by as-cast and laser directed energy deposition processing","authors":"Zhiping Sun ,&nbsp;RuiXue Du ,&nbsp;FengYing Zhang ,&nbsp;Enkui Zhuo ,&nbsp;Yanqiang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Niobium alloy has attracted widespread attention in the aerospace industry due to its high strength, excellent weldability and formability. It is capable of producing structural thin plates and complex shaped parts by laser directed energy deposition (LDED). In this work, single-track Nb-37Ti-5Al samples were fabricated by LDED to optimize of processing parameters, then multi-track Nb-37Ti-5Al was prepared. The as cast Nb-37Ti-5Al was prepared to compare its mechanical properties with LDEDed alloy, the effect of oxygen content on the fracture behavior was revealed. LDEDed alloy has high strength and low ductility, which is mainly due to the high oxygen content in powder feedstocks. The stability, elastic properties, electronic structure of pure niobium (Nb), niobium with dissolved oxygen (Nb(O)), Nb-37Ti-5Al and Nb-37Ti-5Al with dissolved oxygen (Nb-37Ti-5Al(O)) were investigated using first principles calculation. Interstitial oxygen atom causes electron rearrangement of niobium, titanium and aluminum, which promotes the formation of ionic bonds and covalency bonds. This work provides new insight regarding the correlation between the interaction of oxygen and metallic elements at atomic-level and mechanical behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}