International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

A novel nitrogen-induced graded cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186

Guorui Chang , Xiaoyu Zheng , Yan Liu , Weili Wang , Na Li , Weibin Zhang

{"title":"A novel nitrogen-induced graded cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase","authors":"Guorui Chang , Xiaoyu Zheng , Yan Liu , Weili Wang , Na Li , Weibin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel graded cemented carbides, with continuous variations in composition and phase, offers distinct functionalities to the surface and core. In the present work, a novel nitrogen-induced graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase was systematically studied. Under the guidance of thermal analysis, the WC-Co-Ni-AlN-<em>M</em>C (<em>M</em> = Ta, Nb) graded model cemented carbides were sintered at 1320 and 1350 °C for 2 h under vacuum, respectively. The evolution of microstructure, elemental distribution, phase distribution and hardness was analyzed from the surface to the core. It was revealed that two different types of graded layers were formed by adjusting the sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the observed γ' phase significantly enhanced the microhardness of the binder phase. Consequently, the novel graded model cemented carbides with γ'-strengthened binder phase exhibited high hardness on the surface and high toughness in the core. Moreover, the migration and diffusion behavior of elements, as well as the formation mechanism of the graded structure, are elucidated. This work presents an innovative framework for the advancement of novel graded cemented carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of different composition ratio on mechanical properties of W-Fe-B alloy

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107181

Quan Gao , Zhenlin Lu , Yuli Li , Yuhang Ding , Qiuyu Chen , Hao Li , Hengxin Xu , Xiangyong Cui , Taotao Sun

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbide-reinforced Ta-W-based refractory medium-entropy alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107182

Z. Yang , H.T. He , J.X. Fang , T. Sun , B. Ma , H.T. Chen , T. Fu , J.T. Wei , M. Wen , P. He

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbide-reinforced Ta-W-based refractory medium-entropy alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering","authors":"Z. Yang , H.T. He , J.X. Fang , T. Sun , B. Ma , H.T. Chen , T. Fu , J.T. Wei , M. Wen , P. He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inversion of room-temperature compression plasticity and high-temperature strength in refractory high-entropy alloys poses a significant challenge for practical applications. In this study, a carbide-reinforced Ta-W-based refractory medium-entropy alloy was fabricated using spark plasma sintering. The alloy exhibits outstanding room-temperature compression plasticity and excellent high-temperature strength. Its microstructure consists of a BCC matrix with M<sub>2</sub>C carbides, with nano-scale HfO<sub>2</sub> particles dispersed within the BCC matrix. The M<sub>2</sub>C carbides are micron-sized, with visible metal matrix interlayers between them. Effective control over the oxide content, as well as the size and distribution of the oxides and carbides, is crucial for achieving superior plasticity in the alloy. At room temperature, the alloy achieves a fracture strain of 20 %, surpassing similar composition alloys produced by arc melting. Furthermore, the strengthening effect of carbides significantly enhances the high-temperature strength of the alloy, resulting in a yield strength of 352 MPa and an ultimate compressive strength of 426 MPa at 1750 °C. However, due to the specific composition and spatial characteristics of the carbides, its strength is slightly lower than that of arc-melted counterparts with similar compositions. This study successfully demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating carbide-reinforced refractory alloys that integrate high room-temperature compression plasticity with strong high-temperature performance. The proposed method offers a promising approach for the large-scale production of refractory alloy components, underscoring its potential for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valence electron density based temperature-dependent properties of ultra-high temperature (Ti1-xNbx)C solid solutions

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107183

Guomin Hua

{"title":"Valence electron density based temperature-dependent properties of ultra-high temperature (Ti1-xNbx)C solid solutions","authors":"Guomin Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to understand the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of ultra-high temperature materials, which are crucial for the extreme environment applications, the valence electron density based temperature-dependent properties of ultra-high temperature (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>)C have been investigated in this study. The obtained results demonstrated that the temperature-dependent work function, thermionic emission, electrical resistivity of (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>)C were dominated by the free valence electron density. The temperature-dependent bulk modulus, solid solution strengthening or softening, melting point temperature of (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>)C were dominated by the average localized valence electron density. Moreover, above the brittle-to-ductile (BTD) temperature, due to the fact that dislocation motion is mediated by the kink atom propagation, the hot hardness of (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>)C at high temperature was dominated by the localized valence electron density on the kink atoms, i.e. carbon atoms. The valence electron density based temperature-dependent properties of (Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>)C, will pave the way towards the performance-oriented design of advanced ultra-high temperature materials, where the optimized mechanical, thermal and chemical properties can be rationally tailored at electronic scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructures and dynamic compression properties of a WTaTiCrV refractory high-entropy alloys as an energetic structural materials

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107178

Yanfei Qi , Yanbing Chen , Xiqiang Ren , Xianghai Meng , Binghe Pang , Yungang Li

{"title":"Microstructures and dynamic compression properties of a WTaTiCrV refractory high-entropy alloys as an energetic structural materials","authors":"Yanfei Qi , Yanbing Chen , Xiqiang Ren , Xianghai Meng , Binghe Pang , Yungang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are promising energetic structural materials (ESMs) owing to their high energy density and rapid energy release. Herein, an as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA was prepared and its physicochemical parameters were studied to infer the phase stability. The dynamic compressive mechanical properties of the as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA were investigated to evaluate its potential for application as ESMs. The as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA comprised of a body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix and a minor Laves phase. Its dynamic compressive mechanical properties were measured at a series of high strain rates. The as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA exhibited strain rate sensitivity, the strength increased with increasing strain rates. Its ultimate compression strength of the as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA was ∼2.329 GPa when the strain rate was 5402 s<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, W, Ta, Ti, Cr and V were oxidized during the high strain rate compression, and the as-cast WTaTiCrV RHEA was fragmented. It underwent violent energy release reactions under high strain rate loading. Therefore, the WTaTiCrV RHEA is expected to be a promising candidate for the development of ESMs in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joint of Nb refractory metal to 304 austenitic stainless steel Nb 难熔金属与 304 奥氏体不锈钢电子束焊接接头的微观结构和机械性能

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107177

Zhanhua Gan , Guoqing Chen , Xinyan Teng , Lamei Zhang , Likuo Zhu , Xuesong Leng

引用次数: 0

Co-assisted low-temperature sintering of ultrahard W2B5 composites

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107173

Xiao-Hui Yang, Guo-Hua Zhang

{"title":"Co-assisted low-temperature sintering of ultrahard W2B5 composites","authors":"Xiao-Hui Yang, Guo-Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fully dense and fine-grained W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> ceramics were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering at 1375 °C using metallic cobalt as additive. Co reacted with W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> to form binary (CoB) and ternary phases (W<sub>3</sub>CoB<sub>3</sub>) during sintering process. Experimental results showed that the relative density of W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> ceramic increased from 96.7 % (for pure W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> ceramic sintered at 1800 °C) to 99.0 % with 10 wt% Co addition and 99.5 % with 20 wt% Co addition (sintered at 1375 °C), respectively. Due to the lower sintering temperature, the grain size of W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> in W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub>-10Co decreased from 5.3 ± 0.2 μm to 3.2 ± 0.1 μm relative to pure W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub>. However, in the case of 20 wt% Co addition, W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> grains grew anisotropically, forming elongated strips with a length of 4.2 ± 0.3 μm and a width of 1.1 ± 0.2 μm. The W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub>-10Co composite exhibited superior mechanical properties with the Vickers hardness of 19.7 ± 0.3 GPa (30 Kg), fracture toughness of 8.7 ± 0.4 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup> and flexural strength of 783.2 ± 22 MPa. Compared to pure W<sub>2</sub>B<sub>5</sub> ceramics, the hardness remained almost unchanged, while the fracture toughness and flexural strength were significantly improved by 61.8 % and 49.8 %, respectively. These improvements benefitted from the combination of high densification degree, fine-grained strengthening and in-situ CoB phase formation improving interfacial adhesion via semi-coherent interfaces. However, excessive addition of Co (20 wt%) induced stress concentration via brittle CoB coalescence, outweighing the densification benefit and drastically reducing hardness and flexural strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication and mechanical properties of TiCN-based non-flat-layer ceramics with a novel inner structure comprising trapezoidal tooth layers

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107176

Jiaojiao Gao , Mengsha Ning , Zhiqiang Li , Jinpeng Song , Haibao Yue , Ping Ping , Jian Zhao

{"title":"Fabrication and mechanical properties of TiCN-based non-flat-layer ceramics with a novel inner structure comprising trapezoidal tooth layers","authors":"Jiaojiao Gao , Mengsha Ning , Zhiqiang Li , Jinpeng Song , Haibao Yue , Ping Ping , Jian Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiCN-based, non-flat-layer ceramics with a novel inner structure comprising trapezoidal tooth layers were designed and fabricated by vacuum hot pressing sintering technology. The effects of the tooth number (TN) on the mechanical properties were studied. The results exhibited a trapezoidal tooth structure, consistent with the design. As a distinct characteristic, crack bridging in the TiCN–HfN (TH) layer was more than that in the TiCN–WC (TW) layer. With increasing TN, the flexural strength (FS) of the ceramics first increased and then decreased, whereas the interlaminar shear strength (ISS) increased gradually. At the same TN, the FS and ISS of the V sample (cut vertical to the addendum line) were higher than those of the P sample (cut parallel to the addendum line). With increasing TN, the increase in the interfacial area contributed to increasing the ISS of the P sample, whereas an increase in the normal force and interfacial area contributed to increase in the ISS of the V sample. When the TN was 7, the ceramic exhibits excellent mechanical properties. These results provide a new perspective for the fabrication of non-flat-layer ceramics with high ISS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cu-Sn-Ti/Cu foam/Cu-Sn-Ti multi-layer filler alloy to modulate the microstructure and shear strength of YG18/Cu-Sn-Ti/40Cr joints

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107175

Zhaoyang Zheng , Zhe Jiang , Tianyu Zhang , Jianlong Wang , Shaoheng Wang , An Du , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , Xue Zhao , Xiaoming Cao

{"title":"Cu-Sn-Ti/Cu foam/Cu-Sn-Ti multi-layer filler alloy to modulate the microstructure and shear strength of YG18/Cu-Sn-Ti/40Cr joints","authors":"Zhaoyang Zheng , Zhe Jiang , Tianyu Zhang , Jianlong Wang , Shaoheng Wang , An Du , Ruina Ma , Yongzhe Fan , Xue Zhao , Xiaoming Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Cu-Sn-Ti/Cu foam/Cu-Sn-Ti multi-layer composite filler was designed to reduce the proportion of intermetallic compounds in YG18/Cu-Sn-Ti/40Cr joints, so as to modulate the microstructure and shear strength. The introduction of Cu foam effectively inhibited the Co solubilization in YG18 into the filler layer and reduced the content and proportion of intermetallic compounds such as Co<sub>2</sub>SnTi and CuSn<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub> in the filler layer. At Cu foam thicknesses of 50 and 100 μm, the foam Cu would interact with the filler alloy, which promoted the uniform distribution of the phase inside the filler layer and formed a stable composite structure. However, the liquid brazing filler was difficult to fill completely due to the increase in the total volume of the pores when the thickness of the Cu foam was 200 μm, resulting in the formation of defects such as lack of weld and holes. The typical microstructure of the joint was YG18/“wedge” structure (WC + TiC)/TiC layer/Cu [s, s] + eutectic (CuSn<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub> + Cu [s, s])/TiC layer/40Cr. The Cu foam effectively enhanced the shear strength of the joints. In comparison to the joint without Cu foam, 100 μm Cu foam enhanced the shear strength of the joint by 32 % to 284 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of powder characteristics on the sintering behavior of TiC-Fe-Cr-Mo cermets: Fe carbonyl and Cr3C2 mixtures vs. 17-4PH powders

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107174

Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Tomas Soria-Biurrun , Jazmina Navarrete-Cuadrado , Lorena Lozada-Cabezas , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José M. Sánchez-Moreno

{"title":"Effect of powder characteristics on the sintering behavior of TiC-Fe-Cr-Mo cermets: Fe carbonyl and Cr3C2 mixtures vs. 17-4PH powders","authors":"Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Tomas Soria-Biurrun , Jazmina Navarrete-Cuadrado , Lorena Lozada-Cabezas , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José M. Sánchez-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New TiC based cermets have been obtained by liquid phase sintering using powder mixtures including Fe carbonyl, Mo<sub>2</sub>C, Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and 17-4PH powders. As observed in other TiC-Fe based cermets, sintering of TiC-FeCrMo-17-4PH alloys involves the carbothermal reduction of powder oxides, which in the case of cermets containing 17-4PH, are mainly Cr and Ti based. Liquid phase sintering is hindered as the 17-4PH content increases. This is associated to a loss of homogeneity in the powder mixtures and likely to a loss of wettability. TiC-FeCrMo-17-4PH cermets mainly consist of TiC-(Ti<sub>1-x</sub>,Mo<sub>x</sub>)<sub>y</sub>C<sub>z</sub> grains integrated in a metallic matrix, whose crystalline structure can be modified from martensite to austenite by changing the Fe carbonyl to17-4PH ratio and the carbon content. The observed precipitation of minoritary phases like M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> is consistent with the total Cr and C content of the alloys as predicted by TC® software and TCFE13 database.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0