International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

An insight into the microstructure effects on removal mechanisms of cemented carbide WC-Co via molecular dynamics simulations 通过分子动力学模拟深入了解微观结构对硬质合金 WC-Co 清除机制的影响

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106946

{"title":"An insight into the microstructure effects on removal mechanisms of cemented carbide WC-Co via molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optical industry has raised the roughness requirements for molds made from cemented carbide to the sub-nanometer level. An in-depth understanding of the factors related to the mechanical removal of cemented carbide is imperative. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations are used to explore the behaviors of the microstructure and their effects on the removal mechanisms of cemented carbide. Two models of cemented carbide WC-Co and binderless WC are constructed, and a taper cutting simulation is designed with a diamond tool. Firstly, it is found that the WC grain amorphization is a temporary metastable phenomenon that is related to exterior stresses. Dislocations and stacking faults inside WC grains are primarily caused by the shear stress and grain rotation. Additionally, the size effect is interpreted through the transition between the elastic and plastic deformation. Then, the cutting force at the grain scale is found to be determined by the evolution and behaviors of microstructure. Finally, the impact of Co phases on stress accommodation and WC grain displacement are analyzed. The details revealed in this study can contribute to the understanding of the mechanical removal of cemented carbide and inspire more work on the improvement of machinability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bonding behavior of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo/WC composite coating on titanium alloy by gas tungsten arc welding cladding 通过气体钨极氩弧焊堆焊钛合金上的 Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo/WC 复合涂层的粘结行为

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106931

引用次数: 0

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of WC-cu-10Ni-5Mn-3Sn cemented carbides containing NbC prepared by pressureless melt infiltration 无压熔渗制备的含 NbC 的 WC-cu-10Ni-5Mn-3Sn 硬质合金的微观结构演变和力学性能

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106929

{"title":"The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of WC-cu-10Ni-5Mn-3Sn cemented carbides containing NbC prepared by pressureless melt infiltration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC-based cemented carbides with different contents of NbC (0, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 wt%) are prepared via pressureless melt infiltration at 1200 °C for 1.5 h. Microstructure evolution regularity of WC-based cemented carbide is investigated to establish the effect of NbC addition and microstructure peculiarities on mechanical properties (flexural strength, hardness, and impact toughness) of final product. Experimental results reveal that NbC firstly dissolves in binder alloy during melt infiltration, which slows down dissolution-precipitation reaction of WC, thus refining WC grains. With the increase in NbC content, average WC grain size shows varying trend, achieving the minimum (3.779 μm) at NbC addition of 1 wt%. When NbC is added in smaller amounts, Nb is mainly distributed throughout binder alloy. With the increase in NbC content, Nb elements tend to form aggregates and attach to WC particle boundaries. Some WC and NbC also decompose under experimental conditions. At NbC addition greater than 1 wt%, decomposition products (Nb, W, and C) combine with other elements in binder phase to form new phases such as (Nb,W)C, Ni<sub>2</sub>W<sub>4</sub>C, Nb<sub>2</sub>C, and Nb<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>C. These phases further act as bridges for WC grain coarsening. Meanwhile, excessive NbC is detrimental to mechanical properties of the alloy. With the increase in NbC content, hardness and flexural strength of the alloy increase and then decrease, reaching the maximum values of 93.4 HRA and 1808.786 MPa, respectively, at 1 wt% NbC addition. In turn, impact toughness of the alloy shows consistently downward trend. Therefore, changes in mechanical properties of WC-based cemented carbides are mainly related to WC grain size, the appearance of new phases in binder phase, and their morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new viewpoint on the influence mechanism of TaC additions on performance of WC-Co cemented carbides 关于添加 TaC 对 WC-Co 硬质合金性能影响机制的新观点

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106928

{"title":"A new viewpoint on the influence mechanism of TaC additions on performance of WC-Co cemented carbides","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the possible ways to improve performance properties of WC-Co cemented carbides for different applications is known to be adding insignificant amounts of tantalum carbide. Performance of mining tools is noticeably improved as a result of small additions of TaC, so that some companies produce WC-TaC-Co grades for mining applications. Despite clear experimental evidence of the positive influence of small TaC additions on the properties and performance of WC-Co cemented carbides, the mechanism of this influence is presently not understood. In the present work a new viewpoint of the influence mechanism of small TaC additions of performance of WC-Co cemented carbides was elaborated. It was established that small amounts of TaC added to WC-Co cemented carbides form an oversaturated solid solution of tantalum in cobalt when solidifying the liquid binder during cooling from sintering temperatures. This solid solution decomposes when further cooling in the solid state resulting in the formation of (Ta,W)C nanoplatelets and rounded nanoparticles embedded in the binder matrix. The effectiveness of cemented carbide with such a nanograin reinforced binder is assumed to be similar to that of the well-known cemented carbides with the binder reinforced by hard metastable W-Co-C nanoparticles implemented in industry about 20 years ago. The production of the cemented carbides with the (Ta,W)C nanograin reinforce binder is more economical and consistent, which ensures the more sustainable manufacture, and the nanoprecipitates are stable at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cyclic warm rolling: A path to superior properties in MoCu composites 循环热轧：获得 MoCu 复合材料优异性能的途径

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106926

引用次数: 0

Predicting potential hard materials in NbB ternary boride: First-principles calculations 预测 NbB 三元硼化物中潜在的硬质材料：第一原理计算

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106927

{"title":"Predicting potential hard materials in NbB ternary boride: First-principles calculations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To identify potential superhard materials, we conducted a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the thermodynamic and kinetic stability, mechanical properties, electronic structure, Debye temperatures and melting point of sixteen ternary transition metal borides NbTMB<sub>x</sub> (x = 1, 2, 4 and TM = Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Zr, Ru, Hf, W, Os) using first-principles methods. Our findings indicate that, with the exception of NbFeB, NbRuB, and NbWB, all other borides exhibit both thermodynamic and kinetic stability. Notably, NbTiB<sub>4</sub>, NbVB<sub>4</sub>, NbZrB<sub>4</sub> and NbHfB<sub>4</sub> demonstrate superior hardness and enhanced resistance to deformation, with NbTiB<sub>4</sub> showing an impressive hardness value of 40.84 GPa, positioning it as a promising candidate for superhard materials. Both NbVB<sub>4</sub> and NbTiB<sub>4</sub> have very high Debye temperatures and melting points and can be used in high temperature environments. We further explored the mechanical properties of NbTiB<sub>4</sub> at elevated temperatures by employing a combination of first-principles and quasi-static methods. Our analysis reveals that the elastic constants and moduli of NbTiB<sub>4</sub> decrease with increasing temperature. Additionally, bonding analysis indicates that all Nb<img>B ternary borides exhibit hybridization involving metallic, ionic, and covalent interactions, resulting in the formation of exceptionally strong covalent bonds between boron atoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of W content on microstructure and corrosion-wear properties of WNi coatings by laser cladding W 含量对激光熔覆 WNi 涂层微观结构和腐蚀磨损性能的影响

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106925

{"title":"Effect of W content on microstructure and corrosion-wear properties of WNi coatings by laser cladding","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>xW-Ni (x = 60, 70, 80, 90 wt%) coatings were prepared by laser cladding on the surface of X80 steel substrate to explore the effects of different W contents on the microstructure, corrosion resistance, microhardness and corrosion-wear properties of the W<img>Ni coatings. The results revealed that the microstructure of the various W<img>Ni coatings composed of W and γ (Ni, Fe) phases. The increase in W content resulted in more W atoms being dissolved in the γ (Ni, Fe) phase, enhancing the solid solution strengthening effect, which increased the average microhardness of the coating. Moreover, the addition of W provided diffusion channels for metal ions to migrate to the surface of the coating for passivation film formation, which improved the corrosion resistance of the coating. However, the addition of excessive amounts of W caused the coating density to decrease and accelerated galvanic corrosion. The 80 W-Ni coating among the studied coatings exhibited excellent corrosive-wear resistance due to its high hardness and good corrosion resistance. This coating corrosive-wear mechanism was the combination of abrasive wear and corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of heat treatment on wear resistance of cold-sprayed Ti-diamond composite coating 热处理对冷喷钛金刚石复合涂层耐磨性的影响

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106924

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on wear resistance of cold-sprayed Ti-diamond composite coating","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to enhance the wear resistance of cold-sprayed Ti coatings, Ti-diamond (Ti-MD) composite coatings were fabricated, followed by heat treatment at different temperatures. The effects of heat treatment temperature on the wear resistance of the composite coatings were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), microhardness testing, and wear resistance experiments. The results show that the composite coating undergo no phase transformation after heat treatment, and exhibits higher microhardness and improved wear resistance. The porosity results showed that the porosity of the coating decreased as the heat treatment temperature increases. TEM results showed that stable TiC (about 10 nm) was formed at the interface between the titanium and diamond particles after heat treatment at 800 °C, and nanoindentation results showed that the heat-treated coating had higher deformation resistance. Specifically, when the heat-treated temperature rose to 800 °C, the composite coating exhibits an 80 % reduction in wear rate, primarily attributable to the decreased porosity of the coating and the enhanced adhesion between Ti and diamond particles. The wear mechanisms of the heat-treated coatings are predominantly reduced oxidative and abrasive wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Melting temperature and elastic constants of disordered nonstoichiometric cubic TiCy, ZrCy and HfCy carbides 无序非均匀立方 TiCy、ZrCy 和 HfCy 碳化物的熔化温度和弹性常数

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106920

{"title":"Melting temperature and elastic constants of disordered nonstoichiometric cubic TiCy, ZrCy and HfCy carbides","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the analysis of phase diagrams of carbide-forming systems M–C (M = Ti, Zr, Hf), an empirical relationship is proposed between the elastic stiffness constants <em>c</em><sub><em>ij</em></sub> of nonstoichiometric cubic carbides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium and their melting temperature. The dependences of the melting temperatures of nonstoichiometric cubic carbides TiC<sub><em>y</em></sub>, ZrC<sub><em>y</em></sub> and HfC<sub><em>y</em></sub> on their composition in homogeneity regions are calculated using the elastic stiffness constants <em>c</em><sub>11</sub>(<em>y</em>) and <em>c</em><sub>44</sub>(<em>y</em>) of these carbides. The calculated maximum melting temperatures are observed for carbides ∼TiC<sub>0.80</sub>, ∼ZrC<sub>0.82</sub> and ∼ HfC<sub>0.94</sub><sub>–</sub><sub>0.95</sub> and are equal to 3345, 3708 and 4192 K, respectively. There is a qualitative correlation between the concentration dependences of the melting temperatures <em>T</em><sub>m</sub>(<em>y</em>) of TiC<sub><em>y</em></sub>, ZrC<sub><em>y</em></sub> and HfC<sub><em>y</em></sub> carbides and the anisotropy of the elastic properties of these carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-generation tungsten carbide cutting bits through cryogenic treatment technique for superior rock cutting performance for mining applications: An experimental study 通过低温处理技术实现新一代碳化钨切削刃，为采矿应用提供卓越的岩石切削性能：实验研究

IF 4.2 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106923

{"title":"Next-generation tungsten carbide cutting bits through cryogenic treatment technique for superior rock cutting performance for mining applications: An experimental study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining sector seeks innovation to enhance operational efficiency and prolong cutting tool life. This research investigates the impact of cryogenic treatment (CT) for 12, 24, and 36 h on tungsten carbide cutting bits used in mine machineries, focusing on its effects on cutting force, energy consumption, and tool wear during lab-scale linear rock cutting. Microstructural analysis and hardness testing follow CT, revealing improvements in hardness, the formation of new compounds, and the presence of eta carbides. Analysis of linear rock cutting experiments shows that longer holding periods under CT lead to reduced cutting force, energy consumption, and tool wear. Comparing CT 24 to untreated bit at a cutting speed of 200 m/s, CT 24 demonstrates reduction in specific energy by 39.35 %, 41.13 %, and 29.39 % at depth of cut (DoC) of 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. Additionally, CT 24 exhibits significantly lower wear rates (79.24 %, 85.44 %, and 85.01 %) compared to UT bits at the same cutting speed. Microstructural analysis identifies multiple wear mechanisms in both treated and untreated worn tools. To optimize the cutting process for mining efficiency, grey relational analysis and Python-based non-dominant sorting are employed. Grey relational analysis identifies 24-h CT, a cutting speed of 200 m/s, and a 2 mm depth of cut as optimal. Non-dominant sorting suggests 24-h CT, a cutting speed of 200 m/s, and 2–4 mm cut depth for optimal results. Pareto solutions indicate specific energy ranging from 14.96 to 9.20 kWh/m<sup>3</sup> and wear rates ranging from 0.33 to 0.39 × 10<sup>−4</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/cm. Insights from this study offer valuable guidance for the mining industry to enhance cutting tool efficiency and promote environmentally sustainable mining practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0