International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Phase-selective corrosion of cemented carbides in grinding processes: Electrochemical evaluation of grinding fluids","authors":"Li Zhang, Pengfei Wei, Jiawei Long, Renxin Nie, Ruiqin Jiang, Jifei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108084","url":null,"abstract":"Grinding is indispensable for the precision fabrication of cemented carbide tools. Nevertheless, grinding fluid selection remains empirical, leading to unpredictable corrosion and inconsistent quality. This study proposes an efficient screening and evaluation method to determine the optimal grinding fluid and its working concentration. WC–6Co–6Ni (Alloy A) and Cr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>–CeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>–WS<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-modified cemented carbide (Alloy B) with significant chemical sensitivities to grinding fluids were adopted as test specimens. The corrosion inhibition performance of five alkaline grinding fluids (pH 8.5–9.5) at 2.5–10.0% (<ce:italic>v</ce:italic>/v) was systematically investigated via potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Optimized EIS testing reduces experimental duration by 64-fold. The results indicate that alloy B exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance. With measurements acquired via a dual-alloy calibration system, all tested fluids exhibit a consistent efficacy ranking of 5<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup> &lt; 4<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup> &lt; 3<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup> &lt; 2<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup> ≈ 1<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup>, with optimal concentrations determined as 5.0% for 1<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup> and 5.0%–7.5% for 3<ce:sup loc=\"post\">#</ce:sup>. Distinct phase-selective corrosion behavior is verified: whereas WC grains undergo uniform mild etching in NaOH solution, commercial fluid additives preferentially attack the binder phase in local area. Grinding-fluid samples obtained from industrial production lines confirm cobalt leaching and the existence of corrosive Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> and sulfur-containing species. This study can help mitigate grinding-induced pitting defects.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forming accuracy improvement of W[sbnd]Cu microchannels fabricated by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Xiaoxuan Li, Zhen Tan, Chao Chen, Wei Shao, Xingye Guo, Zheng Zhou, Dingyong He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108091","url":null,"abstract":"The present work provides a comparative analysis between laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu composites and 316 L stainless steel, focusing on the effects of scanning strategy on the side-surface forming accuracy and mechanisms in LPBF-processed microchannels. Thin-wall structures were fabricated under interlayer rotation angles of 0°, 67°, and 90°. Circular microchannels were first produced using conventional linear hatch scanning, followed by two optimization strategies: post-contour scanning (PCS) and zoned annular scanning (ZAS). Roundness errors were evaluated using the Minimum Zone Circle method, and dimensional predictions were performed using a modified single-track melt-pool geometric model. Compared with 316 L, W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu microchannels exhibited severe adhesion of unmelted W particles and spheroidized Cu phases, leading to pronounced boundary irregularity. At a designed radius of 500 μm, the mean roundness error of W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu was 158.6 ± 8.3 μm, approximately 2.0 times that of 316 L at 79.7 ± 9.9 μm. The optimization effectiveness was material dependent. PCS was most effective for 316 L, reducing the roundness error to 37.5 ± 2.9 μm, whereas ZAS was more suitable for W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu, decreasing the roundness error to 88.2 ± 15.4 μm. The modified geometric model provides good quantitative agreement for 316 L microchannels, with an MAE of 0.03270 and an <ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> of 0.83101, whereas substantially larger deviations remain for W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu. The model therefore captures only the overall size-dependent trend for W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu and is not suitable for accurate quantitative prediction of this material system.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic susceptibility modeling and mechanical properties of La₂O₃-dispersed molybdenum rods with low magnetic susceptibility and high strength","authors":"Chao Wang, Zheng Tan, Weihua Liu, Dan Jia, Xin Xin, Li Meng, Tao Liu, Likui Ning, Enze Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108088","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum rods with both low magnetic susceptibility and high room-temperature strength are highly desirable for precision structural applications. In this work, an integrated processing route was established for the preparation and property optimization of La₂O₃-dispersed molybdenum rods. La-containing molybdenum powders were first prepared through oxide mixing, reduction, and blending, followed by compaction, sintering, and rotary swaging to fabricate bulk rods. On this basis, a magnetic susceptibility model for the Mo-La system was established by combining a temperature-insensitive matrix term with an impurity-related Curie-Weiss term. By introducing GDMS impurity data, Curie constants of magnetic centers, fitting parameters extracted from the M-T curves of representative powders, and demagnetization correction for short cylindrical rods, the room-temperature susceptibility of the molybdenum rods was theoretically calculated and compared with the experimental M-H results. The calculated room-temperature susceptibilities of the Mo-0.31%La and Mo-0.51%La rods were 7.25 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−7</ce:sup> emu/g·Oe and 8.81 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−7</ce:sup> emu/g·Oe, respectively, while the corresponding experimental values were 9.37 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−7</ce:sup> emu/g·Oe and 9.34 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−7</ce:sup> emu/g·Oe. Microstructural observations showed that La and O were co-enriched in dispersed particles; considering the La₂O₃ starting powder and previous Mo-La₂O₃ studies, these particles are described as La₂O₃-rich oxide dispersoids, which were associated with grain refinement in the as-swaged and low/intermediate-temperature annealed states, while the 1400 °C annealing condition revealed the thermal-stability limit of the pinning effect. The as-swaged Mo-0.31%La and Mo-0.51%La rods exhibited room-temperature tensile strengths of about 675 MPa and 713 MPa, respectively. For comparison, the as-swaged pure Mo reference rod showed a representative ultimate tensile strength of 356 MPa. Fracture analysis further indicated that the addition of La₂O₃ promoted a transition from brittle intergranular fracture to more ductile fracture behavior. The results demonstrate that, through the coordinated control of powder preparation, rod fabrication, susceptibility modeling, and microstructure regulation, La₂O₃-dispersed molybdenum rods with low magnetic susceptibility and relatively high strength can be successfully achieved. The slight increase in room-temperature susceptibility with nominal La content is discussed as a coupled effect of impurity-related paramagnetism, La-O-rich dispersoid/interface contributions, and processing-induced microstructural differences rather than as the intrinsic magnetic response of La₂O₃ alone.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature mechanical behavior and property evolution of silicon-modified boron carbide","authors":"Zhihao Jia, Ming Zhang, Jingjing Xie, Mingtao Wu, Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108079","url":null,"abstract":"Boron carbide (B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>C) is a superhard ceramic material valued for its exceptional hardness, low density, and excellent neutron absorption capacity. These properties make it suitable for critical applications in aerospace, defense, and nuclear energy. However, its inherent brittleness and low fracture toughness significantly limit broader engineering use. In this study, we systematically investigated the temperature dependence of Vickers hardness and fracture toughness for B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>C, which was doped with trace amounts of metallic Si as sintering additives, across a temperature range of 20 °C to 800 °C under varying loads. A series of experiments, including Vickers hardness testing and dynamic elastic modulus measurements, were conducted to establish correlations between mechanical properties and temperature. The results indicate that the hardness of B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>C decreases with increasing temperature, with a marked softening observed above 300 °C. In contrast, the fracture toughness exhibited a non-monotonic trend; it decreased initially, reached a peak at approximately 400 °C, and then decreased again at higher temperatures. Indentation morphology analysis further confirmed that both elevated temperature and applied load significantly influence crack propagation and indentation characteristics. Collectively, these findings provide crucial insights into the high-temperature mechanical behavior of B<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>C and suggest potential pathways for enhancing its properties through doping modifications.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"491 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nb content on microstructure and mechanical properties in TiAl/Ti2AlNb alloy joint vacuum brazed with Ti50-xZr12.5Hf12.5Cu25Nbx filler metal","authors":"Wei Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Zhuoli Yu, Deqiang Shang, Tao Jiang, Zhiqian Liao, Yifan Lv, Qi Gao, Xilin Liu, Kai Li, Yayu Zhou, Sujuan Zhong, Yinyin Pei, Hua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108089","url":null,"abstract":"TiAl/Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>AlNb alloy composite components can effectively enhance the specific strength of aerospace vehicles. However, the presence of brittle phases and stress-mismatch issues within this composite structure limits its application. In this investigation, Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50-x</ce:inf>Zr<ce:inf loc=\"post\">12.5</ce:inf>Hf<ce:inf loc=\"post\">12.5</ce:inf>Cu<ce:inf loc=\"post\">25</ce:inf>Nb<ce:inf loc=\"post\">x</ce:inf> filler metals with varying Nb contents were designed and prepared. The microstructural evolution of the brazed seam was investigated, revealing the strengthening and fracture mechanisms of the TiAl/Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>AlNb brazed joint. The addition of an appropriate amount of Nb promotes the formation of the ductile β-(Ti, Nb) phase in the brazing joint. When the Nb content in the filler metal reached 4 wt%, Zone II contained the highest fraction of ductile β-(Ti, Nb) phase, which effectively alleviated stress concentration. Meanwhile, the brittle (Ti, Zr, Hf)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>Cu phase became discontinuously distributed. With the increase of Nb content in the filler metal, grain refinement occurred across the seam. The proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in Zone I increased to 94.4%, while low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) in Zones II and III rose to 39.2% and 20.2%, respectively. Correspondingly, substructure fractions in these Zones reached 40.7% and 86.6%. Zone II exhibits a maximum kernel average misorientation (KAM) angle of 4.95° relative to Zones I and III. Therefore, Zone II exhibits higher stress-strain values. When the Nb content in the filler metal is 4 wt%, the maximum shear strength of the joint reaches 157 MPa. Cracks initiated at the interface between (Ti, Zr, Hf)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>Cu and β-(Ti, Nb) phases, and propagated along this boundary. Fractographic analysis revealed that the fracture occurred in a brittle manner.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148885167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of (Ti,Nb)C-based composites","authors":"Wenlong Bai, Wen Zhang, Pengfei Chen, Boxin Wei, Fan Zhang, Zhengyi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108086","url":null,"abstract":"To address the poor sinterability, low fracture toughness and inadequate oxidation resistance of TiC ceramics, a novel non-equimolar (Ti,Nb)C-based composite was designed and synthesized using TiC, NbC and Si powders via hot-pressing sintering. During the reaction sintering process, TiC and NbC preferentially react to form (Ti,Nb)C in a liquid-phase sintering environment constructed by Si. Subsequently, TiC reacts with Si to form Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and SiC. At a sintering temperature of 1600 °C, a portion of Nb atoms is dissolved into Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> to form (Ti,Nb)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, meanwhile, partial decomposition of (Ti,Nb)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> occurs, resulting in (Ti,Nb)C with a twinned structure. Due to the synergistic influence of solid solution strengthening, pinning effect, crack deflection and bridging, the optimal mechanical properties are achieved with the flexural strength of 711 MPa and fracture toughness of 5.3 MPa·m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">1/2</ce:sup>. In an oxidizing environment at 1100 °C, Ti<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>SiC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, TiC, NbC and SiC form a dense oxide scale consisting of a TiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>, Nb<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">5</ce:inf> and TiNb<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> skeleton filled with liquid SiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. This significantly improves the oxidation resistance, with the specimen exhibiting a weight gain of merely 10.2 mg/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> after 9 h oxidation at 1100 °C. This work provides a feasible and innovative approach for designing high-performance TiC-based composites via in-situ reaction and microstructure control.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impurities removal behavior in zirconium electron beam melting by temperature distribution and thermodynamic properties","authors":"Soosung Kim, HyunChul Kim, Uijun Ko, Yehui Kim, Bin Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim, Kyoung-Tae Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108090","url":null,"abstract":"High-purity zirconium is utilized in Thin Film Transistor (TFT) devices and as the solid electrolyte layer in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), where it is formed as a zirconium oxide thin layer structure through the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) process. The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technique demonstrates superior efficiency in removing metallic impurities from zirconium metal compared to traditional refining methods aimed at achieving ultra-high purity. Due to the high energy density of the EBM process and the water-cooling system integrated into the crucible, the process temperature exhibits significant variations depending on the location within the melted zirconium. In this study, the removal behavior of metallic impurities (Fe, Al, Cr) in zirconium EBM process were evaluated by CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD). Temperature variations by location were estimated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for heat transfer in a fluid model, and the Marangoni effect was also considered in the analysis. To assess the vaporization properties of impurities during the process, thermodynamic properties were also investigated. To verify the efficiency of impurity removal and molten zone, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and investigation by Optical Microscope(OM) were conducted. The relationship between impurity removal conditions and temperature distribution was also discussed. As a result of a continuous process at 17.0 kW for 10 min, the target purity (Zr + Hf) of 99.99% was achieved within a radial distance of up to 4 cm. Under higher power conditions, this purified area expanded to encompass the entire ingot, indicating that the region where impurity evaporation and purification occurred increased with higher power. Impurity removal range's tendency by beam power was consistent with the results obtained from the heat transfer model and thermodynamic calculations. These results suggest a method for process optimization aimed at achieving uniform purification of high melting point metals through estimation and calculation techniques applied to the EBM process.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constrained nonlinear optimization of Arrhenius constitutive parameters for hot deformation modeling of Mo-14Re alloy using a GA–BPNN assisted strategy","authors":"Junzhou Yang, Yufeng Wu, Mingfan Zhou, Yingyi Mei, Peng Li, Yutong Li, Wenting Ye, Ping Hu, Kuaishe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108092","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum–rhenium (Mo-Re) alloys are important refractory materials for extreme-temperature applications, and accurate constitutive models are required to describe their hot deformation behavior and support processing optimization. However, the conventional parameter identification procedure of the Arrhenius constitutive model relies on sequential linear fitting, which inevitably introduces accumulated errors. In this study, an intelligent parameter identification framework integrating genetic algorithm (GA) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was proposed for the hot deformation constitutive modeling of a Mo-14Re alloy. Isothermal compression experiments were conducted at temperatures of 1400–1600 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, and five parameter identification strategies were systematically compared. The results demonstrate that the proposed conventional method (CM) + GA + BPNN framework provides the highest prediction accuracy, reducing the average relative error from 12.57% for the conventional method to 3.95%. The improved performance is attributed to the transformation of Arrhenius parameter calibration from sequential regression to constrained nonlinear optimization, where GA provides global parameter searching, and BPNN provides nonlinear mapping between optimized parameter distributions and prediction deviations, enabling adaptive refinement of the GA search region. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals that the apparent deformation activation energy <ce:italic>Q</ce:italic> is the dominant factor controlling model accuracy, with an effective optimization interval of 300–500 kJ·mol<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. This work provides an efficient and robust strategy for constitutive parameter identification and offers new insights into accurate hot deformation modeling of refractory alloys.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148884755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irradiation-induced defect accumulation and evolution in VTiTa alloy: The role of local chemical order","authors":"Wei Chen, Shuang Lyu, Qigui Yang, Xiangyu Wu, Fengjiao Ye, Haibiao Wu, Xingzhong Cao, Te Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108076","url":null,"abstract":"VTiTa refractory multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are promising for irradiation environments, yet the role of local chemical order (LCO) in their radiation response remains to be clarified. We simulated collision cascades in VTiTa with random solid solution (RSS) and LCO states using molecular dynamics with a machine-learned potential. At the thermal-spike stage, LCO VTiTa lowers the peak number of Frenkel pairs (FPs) relative to RSS by about 35% at 10 keV, whereas the difference becomes much smaller at 50 keV. At the end of cascade simulation, however, RSS and LCO VTiTa retain comparable numbers of residual FPs, indicating that under single-cascade conditions LCO has only a limited effect on the final surviving point-defect population. Its main influence is instead manifested in defect morphology and clustering behaviors: relative to RSS VTiTa, LCO suppresses vacancy clustering and retains defects in a more dispersed form, and dislocation loop formation is noticeably weaker in both VTiTa structures than in pure V and VTa. These results show that the primary effect of LCO is to modify early-stage defect production and subsequent clustering behavior, and they provide atomistic guidance for the design of radiation-tolerant refractory MPEAs through control of chemical order.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of W[sbnd]Cu functionally graded materials with pure tungsten layer via WO3-assisted pore formation and copper infiltration","authors":"Ruizhi Chen, Kaichao Fu, Changcheng Sang, Dang Xu, Pengqi Chen, Jigui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2026.108071","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method was developed to fabricate W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu functionally graded materials (W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu FGMs) featuring a pure tungsten layer. WO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> served as a pore-forming agent, was mixed with W powders in varying proportions. The mixture undergoes stacking pressing, hydrogen reduction and sintering to form a W skeleton with gradient porosity. Cu was subsequently infiltrated to produce the W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu FGMs. The effects of sintering temperature on microstructure, W skeleton porosity, Cu content and thermal conductivity of the W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu FGMs were systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that W skeleton porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature. At 2000 °C, W skeleton porosity ranged from 4.3% to 56.85%, with Cu content in the infiltrated W<ce:glyph name=\"sbnd\"></ce:glyph>Cu FGMs varying from 0% to 37.9 wt% and thermal conductivity reaching 223 W·(m·K)<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>.","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}