International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced properties of binderless titanium carbonitride based ceramic nanocomposites: An integrated study of microstructure, performance, and mechanisms","authors":"Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Chuanzhen Huang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Shi ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Longhua Xu ,&nbsp;Shuiquan Huang ,&nbsp;Meina Qu ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Xu ,&nbsp;Dijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Baosu Guo ,&nbsp;Hanlian Liu ,&nbsp;Dun Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional cermets face challenges due to brittleness and temperature sensitivity. This study introduces a novel solid solution strengthening strategy, achieved through nanoparticle hybridization and optimization of sintering parameters, to develop binderless titanium carbonitride nanocomposites (BTC) with enhanced tribological and thermomechanical properties. By tailoring the dense microstructure through hybrid nanoparticles and optimized sintering conditions, BTC achieves exceptional mechanical properties, a flexural strength of 948 ± 167 MPa, Vickers hardness of 20.17 ± 0.95 GPa, and fracture toughness of 6.66 ± 1.03 MPa·m¹/², exceeding the composites containing only single nanoparticle by 106.9 %, 17.7 %, and 105.4 %, respectively. Notably, it achieves 11.01 % lower friction coefficient and 26.84 % reduced wear rate compared to commercial WC-6Co under dry sliding. Even at 1000 °C, a high hardness of 9.32 ± 0.20 GPa is retained. Moreover, through detailed microscopic characterization of friction and wear, the specific mechanisms behind these performance enhancements are clearly elucidated. Additionally, the experimental analysis and theoretical modeling quantitatively unveil the microstructure evolution, toughening and strengthening mechanisms in BTC. Consequently, the present study provides robust foundation for the development of advanced titanium carbonitride based composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layerwise rolling in laser powder bed fusion of tungsten refractory materials: Effects and mechanisms","authors":"Hamidreza Hekmatjou ,&nbsp;Sadman Hafiz Durlov ,&nbsp;Md Najmus Salehin ,&nbsp;Aditya Ganesh-Ram ,&nbsp;Ahmet Alptug Tanrikulu ,&nbsp;Nora Ameri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten (W), which possesses the highest melting point of any metal (3422 °C) and thermal stability and mechanical strength, is a material of choice for extremely demanding applications ranging from aerospace and nuclear fusion reactors to high-temperature manufacturing. However, tungsten's use in additive manufacturing processes is limited by its tendency to crack due to its high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). During these processes, tungsten undergoes repeated thermal cycling and often cools below its DBTT, entering a brittle regime that promotes crack initiation and, in turn, compromises the microstructure, mechanical performance, and reliability of fabricated parts. Such cracking is a major challenge across additive manufacturing techniques; however, the present study concentrates on laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as a representative process to examine this issue. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach termed cold rolling assisted laser powder bed fusion (CR-LPBF), wherein each layer of the LPBF build is cold-rolled at a temperature above tungsten's DBTT prior to the onset of cracking. It is hypothesized that this in situ layerwise rolling induces uniform grain subdivision within each layer, thereby reducing the dislocation source spacing (λ) and increasing the dislocation density. The resultant high dislocation density is anticipated to enhance the material's capacity for plastic deformation, inhibit the formation of cracks, and thereby improve the material's overall mechanical properties. Consistent with this expectation, experimental results indicate that incorporating a layerwise cold-rolling step into the LPBF process significantly reduces cracking and refines the grain structure; this combined approach also increases the dislocation density and, in turn, enhances the mechanical performance of the fabricated tungsten parts. To the best of our knowledge, this work constitutes the first successful integration of cold rolling into an LPBF process, thus offering a novel strategy to overcome the limitations of conventional manufacturing. These enhanced properties achieved through the CR-LPBF technique pave the way for broader deployment of tungsten in critical applications involving high temperatures and severe mechanical stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 107235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and properties of WC-based detonation coatings with residual stresses of different types","authors":"Igor S. Batraev ,&nbsp;Vladimir Yu Ulianitsky ,&nbsp;Ivanna D. Kuchumova ,&nbsp;Alexandr A. Shtertser ,&nbsp;Dina V. Dudina ,&nbsp;Vladislav S. Shikalov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detonation spraying of WC-12Co, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-12Ni coatings was performed on a CCDS2000 facility using explosive mixtures based on a two-component fuel, <em>a</em>С₂Н₂ + <em>b</em>С₃Н₆ + <em>c</em>О₂. The coatings were formed on carbon steel substrates. The detonation gun barrels used for spraying were of three different configurations to produce tensile and compressive stresses as well as an unstressed state in the coatings. Studies of the microstructure, hardness, adhesion, abrasive wear, friction wear, and corrosion resistance of the coatings were carried out in order to identify their dependence on the type of residual stresses. The results show that coatings with compressive residual stresses exhibit significantly higher hardness and wear resistance under sliding friction than coatings with tensile stresses and, although less noticeable, an increase in wear resistance under abrasive wear. Namely, when the WC-12Co, WC-10Co4Cr and WC-12Ni coatings with compressive residual stresses were compared with those with tensile stresses, the former were found to possess higher hardness by a factor of 1.22, 1.15 and 1.32, respectively, and lower friction wear losses by a factor of 1.37, 2.34 and 1.81, respectively. Corrosion tests in the salt spray environment showed that all coatings in the as-sprayed state corrode in the same manner regardless of their composition and the type of residual stresses. Coatings impregnated with a mixture consisting of Metcoseal AP and Metcoseal APT diluent (3:1 <em>v</em>/v) resist corrosion much better than the non-impregnated coatings. Herewith, in the case of WC-12Ni, the coating with compressive residual stresses showed the highest resistance to corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the interfacial behavior of tungsten alloy/steel diffusion bonding using Nb/Ni composite interlayer","authors":"Yifan Han,&nbsp;Shangru Meng,&nbsp;Wensheng Liu,&nbsp;Yunzhu Ma,&nbsp;Qingshan Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interfacial microstructure and fracture behavior of tungsten alloy/steel joints bonded using an Nb/Ni composite interlayer were systematically investigated. Microstructural characterization and mechanical property evaluations confirmed the successful bonding of the joints. The Nb/Ni interface predominantly consisted of NbNi, NbNi₃ and Nb₄C_3-x intermetallic compounds (IMCs), while the tungsten alloy/Nb interface featured Nb(Ni,Fe) IMCs. Transmission electron microscopy analyses (TEM) and electron probe micro analyses (EPMA) revealed that Nb₄C_3-x forms through the Ni substrate, exhibiting a needle-like morphology penetrating into the NbNi₃ phase at the Nb/Ni interface. The supplementary experiments further confirmed that the formation of Nb₄C_3-x IMCs results from carbon diffusion originating in the steel substrate. A maximum tensile strength of 384 MPa was achieved at a bonding temperature of 1000 °C, with fractures displaying a combination of tungsten particle cleavage and ductile tearing within Nb and γ(Ni,Fe), reflecting enhanced interfacial bonding and mechanical performance. There are many holes on the fracture at low bonding temperature due to insufficient diffusion, while the fracture at high bonding temperatures contains numerous intact tungsten particles, primarily resulting from the formation of brittle Nb(Ni,Fe) IMCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 107237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bauschinger effect in wear of in situ formed TiCx/high Cr white iron composite against Si3N4 counter-ball","authors":"Jipeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunjin Lai ,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Li ,&nbsp;Dongtao Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unidirectional and bidirectional sliding tests for using Si₃N₄ ceramic as the grinding ball sliding with the circular motion against in situ formed TiC_x/high Cr white iron composite (TiC_x/HCWI) were performed to study the wear behaviors. The cyclic numbers CN = 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 were adopted to observe the friction coefficient, wear volume loss, roughness (S_a) and the height difference between the peak and valley (S_pv) for the worn surface. The wear mechanism was analyzed by combining the micromorphology of unidirectional and bidirectional wear with the microstress analysis by simulation. Bauschinger effect appears obviously due to greater residual stress in bidirectional wear (CN = 10). This work provides a reference for the application of TiC_x/HCWI about how to reduce the wear rate and giving full play to the advantage of wear resistance, and has important research value for optimizing processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-high temperature testing and performance of L-PBF C103","authors":"Kelly R. Orsborn ,&nbsp;Kaue C. Riffel ,&nbsp;Eric T. Brizes ,&nbsp;Omar R. Mireles ,&nbsp;Antonio J. Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive Manufacturing (AM) of refractory alloys is gaining traction as a materials processing route for components subject to extreme temperature environments. Due to the low oxidation resistance of refractory alloys, novel methods for evaluating their elevated temperature performance must be developed. In this work, a <em>Gleeble®</em> 3800 thermomechanical load frame was modified to evaluate the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) consolidated niobium alloy C103 ranging from room temperature (RT) to 1400 °C. The fixturing and sample geometry were designed to accommodate Joule heating and prevent damage to the test chamber. Oxidation of the samples was minimized via testing in vacuum level of 1E-5 Torr. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), elongation, and strain-hardening behavior were determined as a function of temperature. L-PBF C103 presented an average UTS of ∼650 MPa and over 25 % elongation at RT. Above RT, the UTS and YS dropped then leveled off from 500 °C to 1000 °C with values ranging from ∼400 MPa to ∼460 MPa, which is consistent with dynamic strain aging observed in this class of alloys. The strength rapidly declined after 1200 °C to ∼150 MPa at 1400 °C. Fractography indicated ductile fractures for the C103 at all test temperatures, and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed a textured microstructure and the presence of dynamic recrystallization within the necked region of the sample tested at 1400 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method of electrochemical pretreatment for CVD diamond coating: Cobalt removal and polishing of cemented carbide tools","authors":"Ye Xu,&nbsp;Ming Lu,&nbsp;Yongguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deposition of diamond coatings on cemented carbide (WC–Co) tool surfaces using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an effective method for improving tool life. However, it is necessary to perform a cobalt removal pretreatment on the WC–Co tools to mitigate the catalytic graphitization effect. In this study, a pretreatment process based on electrochemical selective dissolution is proposed. By controlling the voltage and treatment time, this process enables the efficient removal of cobalt from the tool surface and simultaneous polishing of the cutting edge. Experimental results show that increasing the voltage improves the surface polishing effect, but excessive voltage leads to severe edge passivation. As treatment time increases, cobalt removal becomes faster, but once a limit is reached, further extension of the time no longer enhances cobalt removal efficiency. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations reveal that the electrochemical potential difference between cobalt and WC drives selective cobalt dissolution. After pretreatment, the tools were coated with diamond using CVD method. The resulting diamond coatings were dense, crack-free, and had a high proportion of diamond phase, demonstrating the high quality of the coatings. This proposed electrochemical pretreatment method provides an efficient, controllable, and innovative solution for the surface pretreatment of WC–Co tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition-driven twinning activation and dynamic strain hardening in Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite","authors":"Kuo Li ,&nbsp;Zundang Xie ,&nbsp;Yujia Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An in-situ Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite Ti₄₃Zr₃₂Ni₇Ta₄Be₁₄ (at. %), optimized via compositional refinement from Ti₄₃Zr₃₂Ni₆Ta₅Be₁₄ (at. %), achieves more exceptional dynamic mechanical performance through twinning activation. This composite demonstrates enhanced yield strength (1712–1811 MPa) and plasticity (3.3 %) under dynamic loading (1000–1500/s), outperforming the one before optimizing, by utilizing synergistic twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation mechanisms to counteract matrix softening mechanism. Compositional tuning reduces stacking fault energy via electronegativity/atomic radius optimization (e.g., Ni substitution for Ta), facilitating deformation twinning and stress redistribution at glass-crystal interfaces. Finite element analysis and a modified Johnson-Cook model validate the synergy between strain-rate strengthening, adiabatic heating, and interfacial load transfer, while multiscale microstructural characterization confirms shear bands evolution, dislocation mechanism and twins as critical plasticity enhancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and abrasive wear behavior of TiC–Cr7C3–Fe composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering","authors":"Jiayu Ou ,&nbsp;Guangxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingbiao Peng ,&nbsp;Weimin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhibin Zheng ,&nbsp;Kaihong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of TiC and Cr₇C₃ contents on the mechanical and wear properties of carbide particles reinforced iron composites are investigated in the present work. Firstly, the Cr₇C₃–TiC–Fe composites designed from CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Subsequently, their microstructure, hardness, and wear property were measured by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester, and three-body abrasive wear tester, respectively. Finally, the relationship between carbide contents and mechanical or wear property was discussed. The results show that Cr₇C₃–TiC–Fe composites with excellent wear property can be used as attractive candidates of wear-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence and mechanism of annealing temperature on the crushing strength of W layer prepared by chemical vapor deposition for nuclear thermal propulsion: Experimental and modeling analysis","authors":"Lihua Guo ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Linyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Jinwei Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of tungsten (W)-coated fuel particles represents one of the pivotal strategies for enhancing the performance of cermet fuel. An intact W coating not only facilitates effective containment of fission products, enabling uniform dispersion of the fuel, but also effectively hinders the inward diffusion of the operating medium (H₂), thereby reducing fuel loss. However, during the preparation of cermet fuel, external pressure is often employed simultaneously to achieve high densification of the fuel pellets. In such scenarios, high external pressure may lead to damage to the W coating, rendering it ineffective in fulfilling its designed functions. Given this situation, the present study investigates the compressive performance of W layer annealed at different temperatures by experiments and simulations. The experimental results indicate that as the annealing temperature increases from 900 °C to 2300 °C, the maximum loading force value on the coated particles gradually decreases, ranging from 381.58 N to 135.99 N. Concurrently, the average grain size grows from an initial 0.36 μm at 900 °C to 13.30 μm at 2300 °C. Finite element simulations reveals that the fracture of W-coated particles initiates within the W layer itself, indicating that the crushing strength of the coated particles is equivalent to the crushing strength of the W layer. As the annealing temperature rises, the crushing strength of the W layer initially exhibits an increase, from 869.96 MPa at 900 °C to 874.59 MPa at 1500 °C. Subsequently, it declines to 750.10 MPa at 2300 °C. This trend can be attributed to the combined influences of surface densification and W grain size. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion on how grain size, influenced by annealing temperature, affects the crushing strength of the W layer is also conducted by the analysis of stress distribution. This study explores, for the first time, the variation in crushing strength of W coatings with annealing temperature, thereby offering robust support for the optimized preparation of cermet fuels used in NTP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 107229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}