International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic strain aging and serrated flow behaviour of Ta-2.5 W alloy","authors":"Yaohua Yang ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compression behaviour of the Ta-2.5 W alloy was investigated over the temperature range from room temperature to 450 °C at strain rates of 0.001 s⁻¹, 0.01 s⁻¹, 0.1 s⁻¹, 1 s⁻¹, 5 s⁻¹, and 10 s⁻¹. The test results are thoroughly analysed with particular attention to the typical features and mechanism of dynamic strain aging (DSA) and its effects on microstructure evolution. The stress-strain curves clearly exhibit the serrated flow behaviour, and a continuous variation in serration style from A to A + B or A + C_A with increasing deformation temperature occurred. The typical characteristics of serrated yielding, positive temperature sensitivity in flow stress, increased work hardening rate and negative strain rate sensitivity indicate the occurrence of DSA. With increasing accumulated strain, the negative strain rate sensitive region moves to high temperatures and contracts at low strain rates, whereas it expands at higher strain rates. The alloy exhibited both normal and inverse Portevin-Le Chatelier effects, which originate from the interaction between interstitial or substitutional solute atoms and moving dislocations, resulting in the appearance of planar slip, dislocation loops and dislocation walls. Higher strain rates and DSA inhibit dynamic recovery and result in higher dislocation densities and low angle grain boundary frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temperature dependence of hardness and toughness for polycrystalline diamond materials","authors":"Shizhan Huang ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhengxing Dong ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hailong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline diamond materials (PCD), known for ultra-high hardness and wear resistance, are widely used in cutting tools, petroleum drilling, and grinding machines. However, its excellent performance is limited by its extreme brittleness and sensitivity to high temperatures. Studying the hardness and toughness of PCD materials is crucial for evaluating their potential applications under extreme conditions. The hardness and toughness of PCD materials under different temperature and load conditions are examined in this paper. Vickers hardness and dynamic elastic modulus tests were performed to develop a mathematical model for evaluating fracture toughness. The results show that the hardness of PCD materials decreases as the temperature rises from 20 °C to 600 °C, with the rate of decline becoming more pronounced at higher temperatures. The fracture toughness is initially weakened with rising temperature but increases with further temperature rise after 400 °C. At different temperatures, the fracture and crack propagation of PCD materials are closely related to factors such as stress conditions, cobalt bonding phase, grain boundary structure, and internal defects. In particular, the mode of crack propagation is predominantly transgranular fracture, with very few instances of intergranular fracture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication method of polycrystalline diamond micro-drill using a hybrid process of pulsed laser, EDM and precision grinding","authors":"Yue Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liang ,&nbsp;Yuchao Du ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Su ,&nbsp;Jinkai Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Guo ,&nbsp;Shuying Zhang ,&nbsp;Haofei Guo ,&nbsp;Pengwan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Super-hard tool materials such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) have become advanced materials for fabricating high-performance micro cutting tool. Due to the limitation of the complex tool structure, the tool dimension and the difficult machining characteristics of PCD material, the efficient precision fabrication of PCD micro-drill is still an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, a new laser-EDM-grinding hybrid fabrication method is proposed to prepare the PCD micro-drill in this study. Firstly, the diameter reduction machining of micro-drill cylindrical surface is conducted by picosecond pulse laser, and the preform machining of micro-drill flute is realized by EDM. Finally, the precision grinding is used to form the high-quality edge structures of micro-drill. The effects of laser and EDM parameters on the fabrication quality of PCD micro-drill are investigated respectively, and the formation mechanism of tool surface micromorphology under these two fabrication methods is analyzed. The PCD micro-drill with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a cutting edge radius of 1.164 μm is fabricated with the optimized machining parameters, then the drilling performance of the self-fabricated PCD micro-drill is studied by micro-hole drilling experiment on monocrystalline silicon materials. The micro-drilling experiment results verify that the self-fabricated PCD micro-drill has obvious advantages in micro-hole processing quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wear behavior of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr) (C, N)-based cermet under a wide load range","authors":"Ziyuyang Zheng ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Dong ,&nbsp;Keji Yue ,&nbsp;Renquan Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solid solution carbonitride -based cermet such as (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet (M represents transition metals) with low mismatch interfaces, hold significant potential to application in molds, cutting tools, and other wear-resistant parts. However, their wear behavior and mechanisms under reciprocating sliding contact and wide load range remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the unlubricated tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of (Ti, W, Mo, Cr)(C, N)-based cermet at a wide load range from 5 N to 100 N. Under low load, (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermet exhibits excellent wear resistance compared to traditional Ti(C, N)-based cermet. The low friction coefficient and wear rate are attributed to the synergistic effects of transition metal oxides, particularly the self-lubricating properties of molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃). Under high loads, the wear mechanism changes from the formation and failure of oxide layers, to accelerated abrasive wear and subsequently to an extremely slow wear caused by the Al-rich adhesive layer generated from elemental transformation between the tribo-couples. Furthermore, the strong interfacial bonding helps prevent crack growth between the core and rim phases. This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for further improving the wear resistance of (Ti, M)(C, N)-based cermets and expending their potential application domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage tolerance and residual fatigue strength/life of WC-Co cemented carbides","authors":"S. Fooladi Mahani ,&nbsp;C. Liu ,&nbsp;L.L. Lin ,&nbsp;G. Ramírez ,&nbsp;X. Wen ,&nbsp;L. Llanes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessment of damage tolerance of WC-Co cemented carbides, also referred to as hardmetals, under cyclic loading requires not only the introduction of controlled damage, but also appropriated testing protocols on the damaged samples aiming to separate the influence of microstructure on both fatigue sensitivity and damage severity. Attempting to address such a challenge, conical indentation is here combined with flexural testing as well as detailed optical and electron microscopy inspection to evaluate the fatigue behavior of three fine-grained WC-Co cemented carbide grades with varying binder content. Experimental findings show opposite microstructural influence trends on the residual fatigue strength/life, depending on the absence or evidence of indentation-induced cracking features in the pre-existing damage scenario. Hence, as the binder content increases, susceptibility of hardmetals to strength lessening under cyclic loads rises when “just imprints without cracks” are induced, but diminishes when “imprints plus cracks” are introduced by means of conical indentation. Such differences are rationalized by considering that fatigue life of hardmetals is controlled by the subcritical propagation of flaws; and thus, depends upon the compromising effect of their crack growth law – same for both natural and artificial defects –, as well as the initial and final sizes – dependent indirectly and directly on fracture toughness, respectively. As a consequence, this intrinsic mechanical property emerges as the key parameter for tailoring effective damage tolerance in these materials because it defines both fatigue sensitivity as well as the initial size of the indentation-induced artificial flaws. Such statement is sustained by the observation for the toughest cemented carbide studied (and not for the other two more brittle grades) of fatigue strength/life data overlapping and a similar slope in the normalized applied stress – number of cycles to failure curves for all the specimens tested, independent of the damage scenario under consideration. This points out hardmetals with higher cobalt contents as preferable material choices for applications requiring mechanical reliability in terms of damage tolerance, particularly if the latter involves premature cracking when subjected to service-like conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study for ductile mode control on cemented carbide micro-milling","authors":"Daniel Figueiredo ,&nbsp;B. Guimarães ,&nbsp;Tiago E.F. Silva ,&nbsp;Cristina M. Fernandes ,&nbsp;J. Paulo Davim","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-milling of hard materials can be an efficient processing technique to attain high-precision parts in difficult-to-machine metal matrix composites, such as cemented carbide. Despite their brittle mechanical behavior, within specific operational conditions plastic-flow (ductile) cutting occurs, enabling significant technological advances on ultra-precision machines and components. This brittle-to-ductile threshold (which has been defined based on grinding operations) depends on material properties, such as the elastic modulus, material hardness and fracture toughness of the tool-workpiece materials pair. Despite the similar process size scale, grinding and micro-milling significantly differ on how well defined the cutting edges are, and the control of micro-milling operations towards stable ductile cutting is still rather unexplored. In the present work, micro-milling of WC-15wt.%Co sintered samples was performed with diamond coated end mills, confirming the influence of a ductile-to-brittle threshold on the cutting regime. Critical scale effects and structure-related behavior were also confirmed, as well as the impact of edge radius optimization with laser sharpened coating. A positive effect on machined surface quality was observed when ductile cutting regime mode was applied, likewise the effect of edge radius control with laser sharpness technology. Scanning electron microscopy and micro 3D topography were used to evaluate the machined surface microstructure features after different machining conditions, The experimental study confirmed the ability to control the cutting regime during micro milling of cemented carbide, the great impact of the edge radius on the ploughing effect and the ability to apply laser edge treatment as a solution to control this scale effect, however, the sharp edges promoted a reduction in the quality of the machined surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-mediated interface structure and mechanical properties in TiB2-WC cermets: From microstructure to performance","authors":"Fengdan Xue ,&nbsp;Haojun Zhou ,&nbsp;Ning Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We systematically investigated the influence of carbon content (0–1.05 wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB₂-WC-based cermets prepared via vacuum liquid-phase sintering. Carbon addition facilitated oxide impurity reduction and enhanced wettability between the liquid binder and ceramic particles, promoting TiB₂ and WC dissolution-precipitation within the CoNi binder. This led to the formation of a distinctive TiB₂ core-(Ti, W, Co, Ni)(B, C) rim structure with coherent interfaces. The optimal carbon content of 0.60 wt% yielded superior mechanical properties: transversal rupture strength of 1578 ± 26 MPa, indentation fracture toughness of 11.05 ± 0.31 MPa·m^1/2, and hardness of 20.12 ± 0.17 GPa. However, excessive carbon content increased W atom concentration in the CoNi binder, inducing solid solution hardening that compromised overall toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of initial notch wear during turning of stainless steel with CVD Al2O3/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools","authors":"Larissa Juliana Sirtuli ,&nbsp;Denis Boing ,&nbsp;Volodymyr Bushlya ,&nbsp;Susanne Norgren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Notch wear often determines tool life when machining stainless steel. Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N) coated cemented carbide tools are the first recommendation for turning of stainless steel. The CVD coating plays a vital role in reducing and delaying tool wear progress. Hence, it is essential to understand the interaction between the initiation of notch wear and the coating degradation. However, most publications have focused on studying the progression of notch wear rather than the initiation of notch. Thus, this work investigates the initial notch wear in two fundamentally different alumina-based CVD coatings. The first coating system is composed of κ-Al₂O₃ multilayers separated by thin TiN layers. The second coating system is a solid layer of textured (0001) α-Al₂O₃. Both coatings have a Ti(C,N) underlayer. The coated WC-Co cutting tools were assessed from 0.3 to 16 m of face turning in AISI 316Ti. The results showed that the notch wear started already at 0.3 m (equal to 0.3 s) of engagement length in the multilayer κ-Al₂O₃-TiN/Ti(C,N) coated tool and at 1 m (1 s) in the textured α-Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N) coated tool. The wear marks show signs of substantial mechanical and/or thermal loads in the notch region already after the first centimetres in cut. The initial notch wear occurred as a coating brittle fracture. Adhered stainless steel on the tools suggests that adhesion contributed to initial notch wear. The results of this work promote a better understanding and problem formulation of the fundamental mechanism of notch wear formation when using CVD-coated tools in stainless steel turning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint performance and hierarchical behavior of WC-10Co/B318 steel dissimilar resistance welds with different V-groove depths","authors":"Lingyu Chen ,&nbsp;Chong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Long","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistance welding provides unique advantages over other joining processes in combining a small portion of cemented carbide with a large part of steel for the purpose of applying carbide band saw blades and achieving the effect of cost reduction, material savings, and increased efficiency. Based on previous studies, this research examines how V-groove depth affects the quality of resistance-welded WC-10Co and B318 steel joints in order to improve the service life of carbide band saw blades. The joints' shear force, welding process, macroscopic morphology, microstructure, fracture, microhardness, and toughness are explored to reveal joint performance and hierarchical behavior. The results show that the joint with a V3 groove has a higher and more stable shear force among the three investigated V-groove depths due to the smaller interfacial reaction layer and less WC-10Co loss. High-speed photographic results reflect differences in the location and amount of heat production in the three types of joints, corresponding to the microstructure and fracture morphology. A deeper groove depth results in high utilization of Ni, less welding slag encapsulating the WC-10Co, and reduced cracks. The joint's microstructure and fracture morphology exhibit ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures, demonstrating a hierarchical behavior between the ellipsoidal and fishbone-like structures. This hierarchical behavior is mainly attributed to the interactions among Ni, W, Co, C, and molten Fe and elemental migration, with the formation mechanism explained by the structural evolution schematic, which has never been mentioned in other studies. Accordingly, the V3 groove provides the optimal groove depth as it delivers the best joint performance by combining. This study provides experimental data and theoretical references for the actual machining of carbide band saw blades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of wear-resistant diamond/Ni-based composite coatings via induction brazing","authors":"Qilong Wu ,&nbsp;Huawei Sun ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujia Li ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the preparation of diamond-metal composite coatings has garnered significant attention from researchers. This paper presents a brazing process for diamond‑nickel-based composite coatings. The effects of brazing temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating were investigated. The results indicate that the diamond‑nickel-based composite coating is defect-free and demonstrates excellent wear resistance under optimal parameters. The composite coating primarily consists of diamond, γ-Ni, Cr₂C₃, and M₇C_3，other phases such as Ni3C, Fe<img>Ni, etc. may also be present. As brazing temperature and holding time increase, the diffusion layer between the coating and steel substrate thickens, the microstructure of the brazing alloy coarsens, and cracks eventually form. At a brazing temperature of 1050 °C and a holding time of 15 s, the average wear mass loss of the coating was just 166.3 mg, indicating excellent abrasive wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 107098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}