International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献_第9页

Degradation of the friction performance of SiC/Si3N4 with ultra-low friction coefficient in water-glycol hydraulic fluid under seawater intrusion 海水入侵下超低摩擦系数SiC/Si3N4在水-乙二醇液压液中的摩擦性能退化

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107626

Runzhou Xu, Yinshui Liu, Xianchun Jiang, Zhenyao Wang

{"title":"Degradation of the friction performance of SiC/Si3N4 with ultra-low friction coefficient in water-glycol hydraulic fluid under seawater intrusion","authors":"Runzhou Xu, Yinshui Liu, Xianchun Jiang, Zhenyao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-glycol hydraulic fluid (HFC), mainly composed of polar molecules, can be miscible with any proportion of seawater, thereby reducing the risk of seawater intrusion caused by seal failure in deep-sea hydraulic systems. Meanwhile, HFC has the potential to be applied in deep-sea hydraulic systems owing to its flame retardancy and environmental performance. This paper proposes SiC/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as the material for the plunger chamber/plunger of hydraulic pumps with HFC. The friction characteristics of SiC/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in HFC with a kinematic viscosity of 32cSt containing four different concentrations (0 %, 3 %, 7 %, 11 % V/V) of seawater and deionized water were studied. SiC/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> has a low friction coefficient of 0.006 in HFC, and there is almost no surface wear after 6 h of testing. The excellent friction performance is attributed to the hydrophilic surface of ceramics adsorbing HFC to form a lubricating layer. However, the decrease in viscosity leads to a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the lubricating layer formed by HFC, resulting in increased wear. The friction coefficient first increased and then decreased with the increase in seawater content. The adsorption of cations in seawater on the surface of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> reduces its hydrophilicity, thereby reducing the performance of the HFC lubricating layer. The byproduct formed by ions in seawater deposited on the surface of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> acts as a solid lubricant during direct contact with the contact surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Investigation on the milling performance and mechanisms of tungsten-based alloys under ice-freezing conditions: Cutting force modeling, surface integrity & tool wear 冰冻结条件下钨基合金铣削性能及机理研究：切削力建模、表面完整性和刀具磨损

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107623

Yipu Bian, Gang Jin, Zhanjie Li, Xiaofan Deng, Xin Zhang, Chong Li, Shaokun Luo

{"title":"Investigation on the milling performance and mechanisms of tungsten-based alloys under ice-freezing conditions: Cutting force modeling, surface integrity & tool wear","authors":"Yipu Bian, Gang Jin, Zhanjie Li, Xiaofan Deng, Xin Zhang, Chong Li, Shaokun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of poor surface quality and severe tool wear in the high-precision, high-quality machining of hard-to-cut tungsten-based materials, this investigation systematically investigates the machining performance and underlying mechanisms of pure tungsten, tungsten–copper alloy, and tungsten–molybdenum alloy under Ice-freezing conditions. The objective is to explore a novel and efficient low-temperature assisted machining approach. First, a cutting force prediction model was developed by incorporating the coupled effects of the ice-induced low-temperature environment and cutting force coefficients, providing a theoretical foundation for evaluating cutting loads under Ice-freezing conditions. Subsequently, by comparing room temperature and Ice-freezing conditions, the investigation thoroughly analyzed the influence of low temperature on the surface integrity and tool wear behavior of different tungsten-based materials. Experimental results show that Ice-freezing machining significantly improves surface quality, reduces defects and burr formation, and lowers surface roughness. The ice layer, through phase-change-induced heat absorption, stabilizes cutting temperature and mitigates tool oxidation and thermal softening, thereby substantially suppressing tool wear. Low-temperature mechanical tests further reveal that the Ice-freezing environment reduces material plasticity, effectively restraining plastic flow and localized deformation—an essential mechanism for improving machining quality. The Ice-freezing method, by establishing a flexible constraint system and regulating material deformation behavior, offers a new technological route for achieving efficient, high-quality, and low-damage machining of tungsten-based difficult-to-machine materials, with promising engineering application potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Mechanical properties of heat treatable TiC-Fe-Cr-Mo cermets 热处理TiC-Fe-Cr-Mo陶瓷的力学性能

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107580

Jazmina Navarrete- Cuadrado , Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Tomas Soria-Biurrun , Lorena Lozada-Cabezas , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José Manuel Sánchez-Moreno

{"title":"Mechanical properties of heat treatable TiC-Fe-Cr-Mo cermets","authors":"Jazmina Navarrete- Cuadrado , Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Tomas Soria-Biurrun , Lorena Lozada-Cabezas , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José Manuel Sánchez-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of TiC-FeCrMo cermets are significantly modified through the application of thermal treatments. These materials exhibit high hardness in as-sintered condition, attributed to the high hardenability of the metallic matrix. This matrix is mainly composed of retained austenite, and martensite with small amounts of bainite, pearlite and M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> carbides. A significant drop in hardness is observed after annealing at 790 °C for 1.5 h in a hydrogen atmosphere, which is due to the decomposition of martensite into ferrite and precipitated carbides. Quenching and tempering treatments markedly increase hardness, but lead to a reduction of mechanical strength. The highest strength and toughness values were obtained in the as-sintered condition. This is due to its higher retained austenite content, a phase with greater ductility than martensite. It has been confirmed that this phase undergoes strain-induced transformation during the fracture process, which contributes to an additional increase in toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Development of complex concentrated alloys binders for Co-free cemented WC composites 无钴硬质合金复合材料用复合浓缩合金粘结剂的研制

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107604

Tiago Silva, Alexandre Bastos, Augusto Lopes

{"title":"Development of complex concentrated alloys binders for Co-free cemented WC composites","authors":"Tiago Silva, Alexandre Bastos, Augusto Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented carbides such as WC–Co are widely used in industrial applications due to their excellent combination of properties, such as hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance. However, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in partially or fully replacing cobalt as a binder because of concerns regarding its toxicity, price volatility and relatively poor corrosion resistance. One promising alternative is the use of complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), which have been identified in several studies as potential substitutes for Co. In this work, two CCAs (designated CCA1 and CCA2) were prepared and used as binders to produce Co-free cemented WC composites by pressureless sintering.</div><div>The WC-CCA1 samples achieved a relative density above 95 % and hardness comparable to that of WC–Co. However, the presence of Al-rich oxides and η-carbide phases contributed to a significant reduction in fracture toughness compared with that of conventional WC–Co composites. Based on these results and thermodynamic calculations, a modified binder (CCA2) was developed and tested. The samples prepared with CCA2 exhibited relative densities between 88.9 % and 92.8 % (depending on the binder fraction and initial WC particle size) and showed microstructures consisting of WC grains uniformly surrounded by an FCC phase. No secondary phases were detected and samples exhibiting hardness-fracture toughness combinations within the range reported for WC composites prepared with Co or other alternative binders were obtained. Moreover, a significant improvement in corrosion resistance was observed compared with WC–Co composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Electrophoretic deposition of tungsten carbide and boron carbide on cemented steel and investigation of their mechanical and electrochemical behavior 硬质合金上碳化钨和碳化硼的电泳沉积及其力学和电化学行为的研究

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107490

Alireza Oghabi, Amir Mostafapour, Vahid Pouyafar, Rasoul Asadi Peyghan

{"title":"Electrophoretic deposition of tungsten carbide and boron carbide on cemented steel and investigation of their mechanical and electrochemical behavior","authors":"Alireza Oghabi, Amir Mostafapour, Vahid Pouyafar, Rasoul Asadi Peyghan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented steel is generally used to produce parts that experience extreme mechanical loads/wear. In this study, nanostructured WC and B₄C coatings were deposited onto cemented steel (1.7131) substrates using an optimized EPD process. Nanoparticle suspensions were prepared in isopropyl alcohol, and the optimal voltage and deposition time were determined to achieve uniform, adherent coatings. After being deposited, all samples were heated to 900 degrees Celsius under an argon atmosphere for 1 h, a process that resulted in significant changes in density and also coating integrity. Microstructural observations made by FESEM, combined with quantitative image analysis (ImageJ), revealed that porosity was reduced mainly, from 8.5 to 2.7 % in the case of B₄C and from 9.2 to 3.5 % in the case of WC coatings. Also, sintering resulted in controlled grain growth. Vickers hardness readings indicated a significant improvement, with Vickers hardness rising to 832 micro HV on B₄C-coated and 708 micro HV on WC-coated substrates after sintering, compared with bare steel, which had a hardness of 303 micro HV. These findings make EPD an attractive, scalable, and cost-effective method for producing nanoceramic coatings with significantly improved properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Insights into the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten‑lanthanum alloy core wires processed by drawing 钨镧合金拉丝芯线显微组织和力学性能演变的研究

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107609

Dezhi Wang, Zixuan Tang, Ye Gao, Xin Li, Zhenchuan Li, Zhuangzhi Wu

{"title":"Insights into the evolution of microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten‑lanthanum alloy core wires processed by drawing","authors":"Dezhi Wang, Zixuan Tang, Ye Gao, Xin Li, Zhenchuan Li, Zhuangzhi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To produce ultra-thin photovoltaic silicon wafers, W<img>La alloys are fabricated through powder metallurgy and plastic deformation methods, and the drawing process plays a crucial role in determining the final ultimate performances. In this work, the impact of drawing deformation parameters on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in W<img>La wires were explored. It is found that increasing drawing strain promotes the <110> orientation parallel to drawing direction (DD), and the α-fiber texture is formed as the drawing strain increases to 1.86. In addition, the geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX) that occurs during the drawing process leads to dynamic grain refinement. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of W<img>La wires is enhanced with increased drawing strains, along with the transition of fracture modes from brittle to ductile behavior. The strengthening mechanism primarily involves grain refinement strengthening, followed by dislocation strengthening and second-phase strengthening. This work provides deeper insight into the structure-property relationship governing W<img>La wires during the drawing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Material machining-induced near-surface residual stress states: An X-ray diffraction and electron-microscopy study on a tungsten plate 材料加工引起的近表面残余应力状态：钨片的x射线衍射和电子显微镜研究

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107587

Peter Schoderböck, Kevin Ploner

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Effect of laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing parameters on the wear behavior of Ti6Al4V/SiCp composites 激光定向能沉积增材制造参数对Ti6Al4V/SiCp复合材料磨损行为的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107577

C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela , A. Riquelme , J. Rams , B. Torres , P. Rodrigo

{"title":"Effect of laser-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing parameters on the wear behavior of Ti6Al4V/SiCp composites","authors":"C. Sánchez de Rojas Candela , A. Riquelme , J. Rams , B. Torres , P. Rodrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study relates the wear behavior of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiCp), fabricated via Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) additive manufacturing, with their fabrication parameters. Particularly, the effects of SiCp size (F240 and F360), content (20–30 wt%), and laser scanning speed (5–25 mm/s) on the microstructure, hardness, and tribological performance were systematically examined. Pin-on-disc wear tests were performed, and friction coefficients, pin and counterbody mass losses were measured. Results revealed that higher SiCp content (30 wt%) and larger particle size (F240) led to increased Vickers hardness—up to 80 % higher than the unreinforced Ti6Al4V—and significantly improved wear resistance. Wear mechanisms across all conditions were predominantly abrasive, with varying degrees of adhesive and oxidative contributions depending on fabrication parameters. Laser scanning speed played a key role in the mechanical and tribological properties of TMCs, especially those manufactured with small particle size (F360), affecting the Ti6Al4V-SiC reaction rate. Notably, samples with partially dissolved SiCp at higher scanning speeds formed TiC and Ti₅Si₃ reaction layers, enhancing mechanical interlocking and reducing material loss. Friction coefficients were influenced by matrix hardness, oxide layer formation, and debris accumulation, which were up to 50 % higher than those of the unreinforced material, depending on the laser scanning speed. Overall, the study confirms the viability of L-DED for producing TMCs with superior tribological and mechanical properties and underscores the critical role of fabrication parameters in tailoring composite performance for certain applications in the biomedical and aerospace sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Thermodynamic evaluation via CALPHAD and experimental investigation of WC-based multicomponent metallic alloys 基于CALPHAD的热力学评价和wc基多组分金属合金的实验研究

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107581

Tomás Soria-Biurrun , Soumya Sridar , Karin Frisk , Wei Xiong , Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José M. Sánchez-Moreno

{"title":"Thermodynamic evaluation via CALPHAD and experimental investigation of WC-based multicomponent metallic alloys","authors":"Tomás Soria-Biurrun , Soumya Sridar , Karin Frisk , Wei Xiong , Lucía Muñoz-Ortuño , Federico Ibarreta-López , Roberto Martínez-Pampliega , José M. Sánchez-Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solidus and liquidus temperatures of W-C-Co-Cr, W-C-40Fe-40Ni-20Co and W-C-40Fe-40Ni-20Co-Cr alloys with their corresponding C content after sintering were employed to develop a thermodynamic database using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach.</div><div>To verify the accuracy of the developed database, apart from the experiments carried out in this work, experimental data from literature were considered. Besides, the database generated in this work was compared against the commercial multicomponent database for steels from Thermo-Calc software.</div><div>Taking into consideration the experiments from this work, experiments from literature and the theoretical results, it was shown that the error in the solidus and liquidus temperatures were lower in the in-house constructed database from this work in comparison to the commercial TCFE13 database. Hence, the prediction of the phase transformation is more accurate with these systems by using the developed database and the experimental data can be well reproduced. This supports the further application of the developed database in sintering design.</div><div>During the design exploration, the effect of Cr in the quinary W-C-Fe-Ni-Co system was studied, and the maximum solubility of Cr to avoid the formation of Cr-rich carbides was found. In addition, the C-window and Cr-window were deduced from this work. It seems that the database developed in this work can better predict the roofing effect when Fe is used as a binder in cemented carbides. This work provides valuable insights that are beneficial to the hardmetal industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Influences of Co content and sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–Co cemented carbides fabricated via the W–WC–C–Co route Co含量和烧结温度对W-WC-C-Co工艺制备的WC-Co硬质合金组织和力学性能的影响

IF 4.6 2区材料科学

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107639

Xuewei Zhu , Hengyang Sun , Shuo Wang , Xiaofeng Wei , Wei Su

{"title":"Influences of Co content and sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–Co cemented carbides fabricated via the W–WC–C–Co route","authors":"Xuewei Zhu , Hengyang Sun , Shuo Wang , Xiaofeng Wei , Wei Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing the W–WC–C–Co route, WC–Co cemented carbides with dual-scale and platelet-like structures were prepared by low-pressure sintering. The effects of Co content (6, 9, 12, 15 wt%) and sintering temperature (ranging from 1400 °C to 1475 °C) on the microstructure, density, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the increased Co content and/or sintering temperature facilitate the growth of WC grains, accompanied with the enhancement of the density and the platelet-like degree of WC grains. In addition, the increased platelet-like degree of WC grains can, to a certain extent, compensate for the reduction in hardness and transverse rupture strength triggered by the coarsening of WC grains. Therefore, the optimal sintering temperature is determined to be 1425 °C for WC–Co cemented carbides with Co content ≥9 wt%, whereas it is 1450 °C for WC–6Co cemented carbide. Profiting from the dual-scale and platelet-like structures, WC–Co cemented carbides exhibit excellent mechanical properties. Specifically, WC–9Co cemented carbide sintered at 1425 °C showcases a hardness of 1543 HV<sub>30</sub>, a transverse rupture strength of 3831 MPa, and a fracture toughness of 17.7 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0