International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Liquidus surface projection and vertical sections of the phase diagram for the Mo–Mo5SiB2–TiC pseudo-ternary system","authors":"Xi Nan ,&nbsp;Ryogo Sawada ,&nbsp;Haruki Nakashima ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Adachi ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohtsuka ,&nbsp;Kyosuke Yoshimi ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Fukuyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiC-reinforced Mo–Si–B alloys (designated as MoSiBTiC alloys) exhibit great potential for application in the aerospace industry, due to their high melting point, moderate density and attractive high-temperature strength and creep resistance. Nevertheless, further material design and industrialization requires more systematic understanding of the phase diagram and solidification paths of Mo–Mo₅SiB₂–TiC pseudo-ternary system. In this study, an advanced ultra-high temperature thermal analysis method employing blackbody radiation and an electromagnetic levitation technique for in situ observation of the solidification process, were utilized to experimentally investigate the solidification process and reaction temperature of alloys in the vicinity of the Mo–Mo₅SiB₂–TiC ternary eutectic point. On the basis of the experimental results, three vertical sections of phase diagram at 9 mol% Mo₅SiB₂, 10 mol% TiC, and 70 mol% Mo_ss isopleths in the Mo–Mo₅SiB₂–TiC pseudo-ternary system were established. The liquidus surface projection on the Mo–Mo₅SiB₂–TiC system has also been reconstructed, with the addition of a new Mo₂B primary phase region and a larger Mo₅SiB₂ primary phase region than previously reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of PCBN tools in dry cutting iron-based superalloy","authors":"Xianhua Tian ,&nbsp;Shouqian Gong ,&nbsp;Qingbo Zhou ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Kuicheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A range of PCBN tools were utilized for turning iron-based superalloy in dry environment and their cutting performance was researched from the perspective of tool wear, tool life, cutting force, cutting temperature, and machined surface roughness. The experimental results revealed that the cutting temperature increased, while the resultant cutting force exhibited an initial rise followed by a decline as the cutting speed increased. The PCBN tools with TiC or TiC+SiCw ceramic bonding agent and low CBN content (≤65 %) were chipped and even fractured in the preliminary stage of the cutting process and were not suitable for cutting the iron-based supperalloy. The PCBN tools with Co-W-Al ceramic bond agent and high CBN content (85 %) performed well in the cutting process, while for every 50 m/min increase of cutting speed, tool life was reduced by approximately a half. An exceptional surface quality could be achieved using this specific type of PCBN tools. However, once the wear value of the flank faces reached about 0.25 mm, the surface roughness began to increase noticeably. In order to achieve higher surface quality, the suggested cutting time for continuous dry cutting iron-based superalloy using the PCBN tools at different cutting speeds was obtained. Rake face wear was dominated by adhesion, chipping, flaking and grooving, and built-up-edge and microcracks also appear at relatively higher cutting speed. Flank face wear showed brittle flaking off at the lower cutting speed (50 m/min), while when cutting speed was increased (100 m/min-200 m/min), abrasion and adhesion wear were dominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of raw powder characteristics on microstructure and mechanical properties of W20Cu composites manufactured by SLM","authors":"Jie Mao ,&nbsp;Wentan Zhu ,&nbsp;Nan Ye ,&nbsp;Zichun Wu ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Tang ,&nbsp;Haiou Zhuo ,&nbsp;G.A. Bagliuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.107001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective laser melting (SLM) technique is a promising method to achieve near-net-shaping of W<img>Cu complex components. In this work, two types of raw powers were prepared, including spherical W<img>Cu composite powder and mixed W<img>Cu powder. Effect of the raw powder characteristics on the microstructure and mechanical properties of W<img>20Cu alloy were investigated. The results show that the composite powder enables the W<img>Cu composites to possess a high relative density (95.1 %), homogeneous microstructure and super mechanical properties (204.40 ± 1.73 HBW for hardness and 500 MPa for tensile strength). Remarkably, compared to mixed powder, the tensile strength and hardness are increased by 37 % and 74.2 %, respectively. This good effect stems from the composite powder with good sphericity degree and uniform structure. As a result, a dense specimen with refined W particles (3.05 μm) evenly embedded in the Cu matrix phase, accompanied by dislocation structure and sub-grains within the Cu matrix are obtained, contributing to the superior mechanical properties of the composites. The present work offers a strategy for developing high-performance W<img>Cu composites using SLM technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 107001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and properties of self-propagating high-temperature synthesized (Ti, W)C carbides","authors":"Chengshang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuyang Gao ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Tang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory metal carbides play a critical role in numerous applications due to their exceptional hardness, excellent wear resistance and high-temperature stability. This study successfully synthesizes (Ti, W)C powders by using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The results indicate that the phase structure, morphology, microstructure of (Ti, W)C carbides differ significantly from those of WC carbide synthesized using the similar technique. The (Ti, W)C carbides exhibit angular grain morphology with refined grain sizes due to the addition of Ti. Furthermore, the influence of the Ti/W ratio on the nanohardness of (Ti, W)C was examined, with the (Ti_0.6, W_0.4)C sample achieving the highest hardness of 35.7 GPa ± 2.8 GPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106994"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ preparation of WC-Co composite powders","authors":"Xiao-Chun Deng ,&nbsp;Guo-Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC-6Co and WC-10Co composite powders with uniform distribution of Co phase were successfully prepared using WO₃, Co₂O₃ and carbon black as raw materials by the process of “carbothermal pre-reduction + solid phase carbonization”. The phase evolution as well as the influences of carburizing time and temperature on the morphology and particle size of products were investigated. The results showed that there were two reduction paths for WO₃. In one case, the reduction of WO₃ was completed in the order of WO₃ → W₁₈O₄₉ → WO₂ → W and W₂C. The other was that WO₃ first reacted with Co₃O₄ to form CoWO₄, and then CoWO₄ was directly reduced to W and W₂C. Combined with the thermodynamic calculation and XRD results, W and W₂C preferentially transformed into low-carbon η phase (Co₃W₉C₄ and Co₂W₄C) rather than WC phase. Subsequently, Co₃W₉C₄ and Co₂W₄C were transformed into Co₃W₃C. Finally, the Co₃W₃C phase was further carbonized to form WC and Co phases. Moreover, the increase of Co content promoted the reduction and carbonization reactions. The morphology and particle size had little change with the extension of carburizing time. However, as the carburizing temperature rose, the particle size of WC increased obviously, and there was a serious agglomeration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing and understanding dry-electropolishing process on WC-Co cemented carbide material","authors":"G. Riu-Perdrix ,&nbsp;L. Llanes ,&nbsp;J.J. Roa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry-electropolishing (DEP) combines an electrochemical process with soft-mechanical abrasion by using porous ion-exchange particles (also known as dry-electrolyte). In recent years, it has been satisfactorily implemented for reducing surfaces defects, decreasing roughness, and obtaining smooth surface finish in several metallic and ceramic-metal composites. However, it requires a preliminary adjustment of DEP parameters in order to increase the polishing efficiency and avoid pitting or general corrosion issues. Moreover, there is a lack of information concerning the precise material removal mechanisms, this being particularly true for multiphase materials. In that sense, the main objectives of this study are to optimize the electrical parameters as well as to understand the main microstructural and chemical changes behind the DEP process on WC-Co. It is done by implementing several advanced characterization techniques: scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that optimal electrical parameters in terms of planarity between constitutive phases, average roughness reduction and leaching-free microstructure can be achieved when utilizing a pulse/pulse reverse waveform in comparison to direct current or pulsed current. Optimization using a matrix of electrical parameters is proven to be a useful tool to focus on the results, these being when voltage and time of negative pulse applied higher values than the positive ones. Additionally, it is shown that the chemical compounds generated on the WC-Co surface are meanly Co₃O₄, Co(OH)₂ and WO₃. Material removal combines electrochemical process and also soft-mechanical actions, where particles contact oxides generated on the treated surface. The removed material mainly consists of W oxide, as Co passivates and has a low oxidation rate combined with its low content. To sum up, the corresponding analysis allows to get a deeper understanding of DEP along the roughness removal process as well as to give guidelines for optimizing its operative parameters for its application in multiphase ceramic/metal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile behavior and microstructure evolution of Mo-14 %Re alloy at room temperature and elevated temperatures","authors":"Shuai Ma ,&nbsp;Di Dong ,&nbsp;Mengyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Gao ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Dezhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work investigates the tensile deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of Mo-14 %Re alloy (MR14) at both room and high temperatures. The results show that the tensile strength of MR14 alloy is 613 MPa at room temperature and 260 MPa at 1000 °C. Moreover, the MR14 exhibits remarkable ductility, with elongation surpassing 60 % both at ambient temperature and elevated temperatures. As the temperature rises, dynamic recrystallization and the rotation of subgrains lead to the evolution of texture during fracture, which has not been reported hitherto. A high proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) facilitates the dislocation transfer, thereby preventing the nucleation of cracks caused by stress concentration. The strong texture, abundant substructure, movable edge dislocation and mixed dislocation on the bundle structures are the main toughening factors. Additionally, during the high-temperature tensile deformation process, the MR14 alloy maintains a single-phase structure without precipitation, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. These research findings hold profound significance for broadening the application scope of the Mo<img>Re alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the in-situ generation of hard phases and microstructural and mechanical properties in Ni-WC/W2C cladding layers prepared by TIG arc","authors":"Xianwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang ,&nbsp;Jiangshan Jin ,&nbsp;Yiming Huang ,&nbsp;Chenyang Yue ,&nbsp;Lijun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the principle of in-situ generation, tungsten carbide particles were generated in-situ on 40Cr surfaces pre-coated with self-made powders by TIG arc with flux-cored wires, and the in-situ generation process of hard phases such as WC/W₂C was systematically investigated. The macroscopic morphology and microstructure of the cladding layers were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer were tested. The results show that the in-situ grown WC exhibits a positive triangular shape in the two-dimensional plane. No defects such as porosity and cracks are seen in the cladding layer, and the hard phase mainly consists of WC/W₂C, as well as carbides with three typical morphologies of dendrites, rods, and ring-block. With the combined effect of residual tungsten carbide particles and in-situ grown hard phase, the optimal hardness and wear volume of the cladding layer were 664.4 HV₁ and 0.33 mm³, respectively, which were increased to about 3 and 45 times that of the substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106985"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and properties of CuW/CuCr interface infiltrated with CuCrNixTiZr multi-component powder interlayers","authors":"Xiaohong Yang,&nbsp;Jiahui Liu,&nbsp;Chongyang Wang,&nbsp;Baocha Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Xiao,&nbsp;Shuhua Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuW/CuCr integral materials were prepared by infiltration diffusion technology, and the multi-component powders with high entropy effect were used as the interlayer. The effects of CuCrNi_xTiZr high entropy alloy interlayers on the interfacial microstructures and properties of CuW/CuCr were studied. The results show that the interlayers with 0.5 mm thickness generate high entropy effect during infiltration for 1.5 h at 1350 °C, forms a simple solid solution phase at the Cu-W biphase interface and no intermetallic compounds were formed in the CuW/CuCr interface. EDS and XRD analysis show that metallurgical diffusion and melting occur at the CuW/CuCr interface in the interlayer infiltration diffusion process, which makes the Cu and W phase form metallurgical bonding at the Cu/W interface. With the increase of Ni content, the hardness of CuCr side of the integral material first increased and decreased, and the maximum hardness increases by 23.6 %. When the interlayer is CuCrNi₂TiZr, the maximum interface bonding strength is 492 MPa, which is 50 % higher than that of the integral material without interlayer. The fracture morphology is mainly composed of the network structure generated by the ductile tearing of Cu phase and W cleavage fracture, and the cleavage fracture leave river pattern on the W particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple and effective strategy for WCu functionally graded materials with continuous gradient","authors":"Q. Chen ,&nbsp;J.Q. Lai ,&nbsp;Y.W. Ye ,&nbsp;Y.H. Tian ,&nbsp;S.D. Guo ,&nbsp;J.B. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionally graded materials (FGM) have great potential in various applications, but require reliable and efficient manufacturing techniques. This study proposes a preparation strategy for W<img>Cu FGM with continuous gradient structure. The W green bodies with a continuously varying W content were prepared by using a self-designed mold to control compression deformation. Subsequently, two types of W<img>Cu FGM samples were successfully fabricated through pre-sintering and infiltration processes. The W contents ranged from 64.8 wt% to 81.1 wt% and 75.3 wt% to 90.5 wt% respectively. The microstructure, density, Vickers hardness and electrical conductivity exhibited a continuous trend of change with the variation of W content. This gradient structure control method facilitated the efficient preparation of W<img>Cu FGMs with continuously varying compositions. Moreover, it could be extended to achieve the continuous variation of composition and properties in other materials prepared via infiltration techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 106974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}