High-temperature ablation behavior and microstructure evolution mechanism of W-4Re-0.27HfC alloy in plasma flame environment

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107375

Tianyao Guo , Caihong Dou , Changji Wang , Zhou Li , Lingfeng Zhang , Hua Yu , Di Dong , Chengyang Wang , Kunming Pan

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Abstract

The high-temperature ablation behavior and microstructural evolution mechanism of the W-4Re-0.27HfC alloy were investigated using a plasma flame ablation test (PFAT). It was found that the mass ablation rate and the linear ablation rate of W-4Re-0.27HfC at 2800 °C were determined to be only 2.71 × 10² mg/s and 1.98 × 10⁻² mm/s, respectively. Ablation products consisting of HfO₂, WO₃, Re₂O₇, WC, and HfW₂O₈ were observed on the surface. In the ablation process, HfC was preferentially oxidized to form HfO₂, which covers the surface of the oxide layer, effectively blocking the transfer of heat and O₂. Then, W was preferentially oxidized than Re to generate WO₃. Notably, Re in the oxide layer still remained unoxidized and segregated in the form of dendrites, demonstrating that Re has stronger oxidation resistance compared to W and HfC. The improvement of ablation resistance through enhancing the oxidation resistance of W alloys by adding Re was verified for the first time in high-temperature ablation process.

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W-4Re-0.27HfC合金在等离子体火焰环境下的高温烧蚀行为及组织演化机制

采用等离子体火焰烧蚀试验（PFAT）研究了W-4Re-0.27HfC合金的高温烧蚀行为和显微组织演化机制。结果表明，W-4Re-0.27HfC在2800℃时的质量烧蚀速率仅为2.71 × 102 mg/s，线性烧蚀速率仅为1.98 × 10−2 mm/s。表面观察到由HfO₂、WO₃、Re₂O₇、WC和HfW2O8组成的烧蚀产物。在烧蚀过程中，HfC优先被氧化形成HfO2， HfO2覆盖在氧化层表面，有效地阻断了热量和O₂的传递。然后，W比Re优先氧化生成WO3。值得注意的是，氧化层中的Re仍然未被氧化，并以枝晶的形式分离，这表明Re比W和HfC具有更强的抗氧化性。在高温烧蚀过程中首次验证了添加稀土提高W合金抗氧化性能的有效性。

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来源期刊

$International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials$

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.90%

发文量

236

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (IJRMHM) publishes original research articles concerned with all aspects of refractory metals and hard materials. Refractory metals are defined as metals with melting points higher than 1800 °C. These are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, and rhenium, as well as many compounds and alloys based thereupon. Hard materials that are included in the scope of this journal are defined as materials with hardness values higher than 1000 kg/mm2, primarily intended for applications as manufacturing tools or wear resistant components in mechanical systems. Thus they encompass carbides, nitrides and borides of metals, and related compounds. A special focus of this journal is put on the family of hardmetals, which is also known as cemented tungsten carbide, and cermets which are based on titanium carbide and carbonitrides with or without a metal binder. Ceramics and superhard materials including diamond and cubic boron nitride may also be accepted provided the subject material is presented as hard materials as defined above.