International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials最新文献

{"title":"Stereographical and characterization analysis of nano yttria-dispersed tungsten heavy alloys: Impact on particle size and Y-W-O complex oxide formation","authors":"N. Siddharthan ,&nbsp;S. Kumaran ,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Wu ,&nbsp;C. Pandi Selva Durai ,&nbsp;P.V. Sathya Narayana ,&nbsp;Gandi Vivek Kumar Raja","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the influence of nano-Y₂O₃ (0.25–0.75 wt%) additions on the microstructural evolution of a tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) composed of 93 wt% tungsten, with a fixed Ni/Co binder ratio of 9. The precursor powders of Ni, Co, and Y₂O₃ were subjected to high-energy ball milling to produce an oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) matrix, which was subsequently blended with tungsten via low-energy ball milling. The resulting composite powders were consolidated through cold isostatic pressing and sintered at 1438 °C for 1 h. The processed ODS-W-Ni-Co alloys achieved a relative density exceeding 99.7 % of the theoretical value. Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of a W-Y-O complex oxide phase, characterized by core-shell structures and particle coarsening phenomena. These structural transformations substantially influenced grain morphology, growth kinetics, and overall microstructural refinement. Notably, the incorporation of 0.75 wt% Y₂O₃ increased the solid-liquid interfacial energy to 744.44 MJ/m², albeit inducing anisotropic interfacial energy distributions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed a semi-coherent γ-Ni/Y₂O₃ interface with a lattice mismatch parameter of 0.056, which is indicative of enhanced interfacial bonding. The presence of this semi-coherent interface is proposed to improve interfacial strengthening between W grains and the γ-Ni binder phase, contributing to microstructural stability and potential mechanical property enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and electron beam welding process optimization of Ta2.5 W alloy","authors":"Yingjie Yu ,&nbsp;Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Ao Wang ,&nbsp;Xingyun Duan ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhu ,&nbsp;Yaping Lei ,&nbsp;Haiqing Xia ,&nbsp;Qiong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, finite element analysis software Marc was used for numerical simulation of electron beam welding of Ta2.5 W and then welding tests were carried out. The temperature change and equivalent stress distribution were analyzed and discussed during the welding simulation. When conducting welding experiments, welding beam and welding speed were adjusted based on the morphology of welded joints. Afterwards, in order to investigate the microstructure, phase composition, texture, mechanical properties and the fracture mode of Ta2.5 W weld joints, related testing and characterization methods were carried out. The temperature field simulation results indicate that the peak temperature variation in the middle section of the weld is relatively stable, approximately maintaining at 4000 °C; the stress field simulation results indicate that there is an equivalent Von Mises stress of around 500 MPa in the center of the weld. Microstructural observation shows that increasing the welding beam and decreasing the welding speed properly could obtain a welded joint with good melt width on the front and back sides. According to EBSD, all the regions of welded specimen exhibit a {111} // Z fiber texture and the strength of texture is uneven, manifested as BM &gt; FZ &gt; HAZ. Mechanical performance testing shows that specimen 4 (welding voltage: 150KV, welding beam current: 5 mA, welding speed: 400 mm/min) performs the best in welded specimens, its ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) are 381 MPa and 353 MPa respectively, reaching 70 % of the strength of BM. However, the elongation is only 3.75 %. The fracture observation shows welded joint exhibits quasi-dissociative fracture, and nano-sized spherical particles (TaCx or Ta₂O₅) are found in the fracture. We speculate that its fracture occurs in FZ as a result of the combined effect of the presence of large residual stresses at the weld, the coursening of the center of the weld at the high-angle grain boundaries, and the inhomogeneous distribution of second-phase particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of gradient cemented carbides with surface layers free of cubic phase via h-BN nitrogen source","authors":"Xu Xia ,&nbsp;Chenyang Ma ,&nbsp;Tianen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Yu Cao ,&nbsp;Jiahuan He ,&nbsp;Qiwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Huaping Hong ,&nbsp;Ji Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates gradient cemented carbide with a cubic phase-free surface layer (CFL), commonly used as substrates for coated inserts to extend their service life. The tough gradient surface layer effectively prevents crack propagation, minimizing coating delamination and edge chipping. We propose using hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a non-cubic nitrogen source for fabricating gradient cemented carbide with cubic (W,Ti)C, as a replacement for traditional cubic nitrogen sources. By employing powder metallurgy, we successfully created gradient cemented carbide with a CFL derived from h-BN. We also analyze the mechanism of gradient structure formation and characterize the microstructure, elemental distribution, and mechanical properties of the novel materials. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing gradient cemented carbides with a CFL when h-BN is used as the nitrogen source. The crystal orientations at the gradient boundary are randomly distributed, showing no abrupt interface between the surface layer and the interior. Notably, titanium (Ti) and boron (B) are nearly absent in the surface layer, while cobalt (Co) shows higher concentration compared to the interior. The use of h-BN facilitates a nearly homogeneous titanium distribution in the subsurface zone, contrasting with the clustering seen when traditional cubic TiN is employed as the nitrogen source. Additionally, the thickness of the gradient surface layer can be effectively controlled by adjusting the h-BN levels, increasing with higher h-BN content in the raw materials. However, excessive h-BN addition facilitates abnormal WC phase growth in cemented carbides, and negatively affects transverse rupture strength despite the toughening effects of the cubic phase-free layer. Increased h-BN content also promotes the formation of TiB phases, which enhances the hardness of the cemented carbide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid particle erosion and wear behavior of (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy nitride ceramics","authors":"Zhaohui Cheng,&nbsp;Wei Yang,&nbsp;Yunzi Liu,&nbsp;Wei Gao,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Dapeng Xu,&nbsp;Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The TiN ceramics, Ti-Cr-V-Zr-Nb-N composite ceramics, and (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The relationship between the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of these three ceramics were systematically studied, with emphasis on the solid particle erosion resistance of TiN ceramics and (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics. The results indicated that the Ti-Cr-V-Zr-Nb-N composite ceramics and (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics showed a dual phase structure of FCC + ZrO₂, and the TiN ceramics showed a single FCC structure. Compared with TiN ceramics and Ti-Cr-V-Zr-Nb-N composite ceramics, (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics exhibit higher hardness and relative density, and the deformation ability was improved by the in-situ formation of ZrO₂ particles. Thus, the (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics exhibit excellent wear resistance and solid particle erosion resistance. The erosion mechanism of TiN and (TiCrVZrNb)N high-entropy ceramics were revealed. This study provides a theoretical support for the research of bulk high-entropy nitride ceramics in the tribology and solid particle erosion fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of composition ratio and microstructure of CuTa jets on penetration performance","authors":"Bihui Hong,&nbsp;Wenbin Li,&nbsp;Yiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of this study was to explore the potential application of Cu-Ta-alloy shaped-charged jets to anti-armor operations, as well as to fill some of the research gaps in this field. The effects of composition ratios and microstructures on the penetration performance of Cu<img>Ta jets were investigated. Cu<img>Ta alloys with Ta concentrations of 20 wt% (Cu<img>20Ta), 40 wt% (Cu<img>40Ta), and 80 wt% (Cu<img>80Ta) were prepared. The materials were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, a universal material testing machine, and a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The morphologies and penetration performance of the Cu<img>Ta jets were characterized by pulsed X-ray and static penetration tests. The results indicated that all three materials met the design requirements. The quasi-static compression strengths of the Cu<img>20Ta, Cu<img>40Ta, and Cu<img>80Ta materials were 76.6 %, 140.1 %, and 551.6 % greater, respectively, than that of pure T2 copper. All three materials could form jets with good morphologies. The penetration depths of the three jets first increased and then decreased as the Ta concentration increased. The penetration depths of the Cu<img>20Ta, Cu<img>40Ta, and Cu<img>80Ta jets changed by 15.1 %, 26.1 %, and − 56.4 %, respectively, from that of a pure T2 copper jet. These results explain the mechanisms that governed the penetration performance of the Cu<img>Ta alloys, and it was determined that the ideal tantalum-concentration range for the Cu<img>Ta shaped-charge jets was centred around 40 wt%. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for Cu-Ta-alloy utilization in anti-armor operations and lay a foundation for the application of Cu<img>Ta alloys in the anti-armor field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced low-temperature sintering of Mo alloys with Cu-rich binders","authors":"Harish Ranot,&nbsp;Anish Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum (Mo) alloys, known for their exceptional physical and mechanical properties, find applications in aerospace, electronics, and medical fields. However, the high sintering temperatures and long processing times associated with their manufacturing lead to high-temperature furnace requirements and grain coarsening, negatively impacting their cost and mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of sintering time on the liquid phase sintering (LPS) of Mo alloys containing 10 wt% Cu-rich binders sintered at 1300 °C. Thermodynamic calculations are used to find a suitable Cu-rich ternary binder composition to enhance the wettability of the liquid formed and Mo solubility while preventing the brittle intermetallic compound formation. The densification, microstructural evolution, and phase evolution in the sintered alloys are systematically investigated and correlated. Results revealed that the addition of Fe to the Cu-rich Cu-Ni binder and sintering at 1300 °C for 60 min prevented the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds and significantly improved sintered density (up to 99.2 % of theoretical density) and mechanical properties (Hardness = 342 HV). The sintered density and hardness values achieved in this study are comparable to or better than the reported values of other Mo alloys manufactured at higher sintering temperatures for longer sintering times. These findings demonstrate that the Cu-rich Cu-Ni-Fe ternary binder has a high potential for low-temperature manufacturing of dense, near-net-shaped and intermetallic-free Mo alloys with superior mechanical properties, offering a cost-effective alternative to conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of tantalum by selective laser metal","authors":"W.U. Bin ,&nbsp;Pinqiao Yi ,&nbsp;Chenchen Song ,&nbsp;Jianghao Sui ,&nbsp;Guangyi Ma ,&nbsp;Dewei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the mechanical properties of selective laser–melted pure tantalum (SLMed Ta), a new-generation orthopedic implant material, is of paramount importance. Appropriate annealing parameters directly affect the microstructure and macromechanical properties of SLMed Ta, thereby making them a focal point in the research on this material. This study conducted a gradient crossover experiment to elucidate the effects of three annealing temperature ranges and holding times on the grain morphology and mechanical properties of SLMed Ta. The results indicated that in the low-temperature annealing section (700 °C–900 °C), the tensile strength of the samples progressively increased with rising annealing temperatures. In the recrystallization annealing section (1100 °C–1300 °C), the recrystallization of the samples increased, with a tensile strength of 610.67 ± 11.16 MPa at 1100 °C annealing for 4 h, representing a 34.51 % improvement compared to the unannealed state. In the high-temperature annealing section (1500 °C), the average tensile strength increased, and the elongation after fracture demonstrates a decrease, As a result of oxygen segregation. Extending the holding time from 2 h to 6 h resulted in the formation of more subgrains. This study provides critical insights into the optimization of annealing parameters for improving the mechanical properties of SLMed Ta, thereby advancing its application potential in orthopedic implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing comprehensive properties of W/Cu joints through surface grinding and spark plasma sintering","authors":"Changcheng Sang ,&nbsp;Kaichao Fu ,&nbsp;Dang Xu ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Chen ,&nbsp;Pengqi Chen ,&nbsp;Yingwei Lu ,&nbsp;Yonghong Xia ,&nbsp;Qiu Xu ,&nbsp;Jigui Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges in joining immiscible W/Cu dissimilar metals, this study employs surface grinding to induce plastic deformation and coarsening on the W surface, thereby obtaining the reliable W/Cu joints through spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of surface grinding and bonding temperature on the interfacial microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of W/Cu joints were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the micro-nano structure on the W surface is successfully introduced into the W/Cu interface via surface grinding combined with SPS, forming a serrated interface structure. Shear tests and fracture analysis reveal that this serrated interface structure effectively enhances the mechanical interlocking effect and changes the crack propagation path, thus improving the mechanical properties of W/Cu joints. At 1000 °C, the shear strength of the W/Cu joint after surface grinding reaches 214.17 MPa, which is 55.59 % higher than that of the joint prepared through direct bonding (DB). Furthermore, compared to the DB joint, the W/Cu joint after surface grinding maintains superior high-temperature thermal conductivity, which is 130.11 W/(m·K) at 600 °C. This work proposes a simple and effective mechanical surface treatment method to realize high-performance W/Cu joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of wear and corrosion resistance of WC-coated Pearlitic railway steel in dry and wet conditions","authors":"Abdulkadir Orak ,&nbsp;Seyma Korkmaz ,&nbsp;M. Huseyin Cetin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effect of WC coating on the tribological performance of R260 rail steel was investigated by roller-on-plate wear tests and potentiodynamic polarisation corrosion tests carried out in dry and pure water environments. The High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) method was used for the coating process. The tests were conducted with a weight of 40 N and a sliding speed of 0.03 m/s. An Ag/AgCl reference electrode was also used for corrosion tests in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. To produce cyclic polarisation curves, the experiments were carried out at a scan rate of 1 mV/s within a potential range of ±0.25 V. The effect of WC coating on the wear performance of rail steels was analysed quantitatively with the friction coefficient and volume loss parameters and visually with SEM and 2D-3D topography images. The effect of the coating on the corrosion performance was evaluated numerically with the corrosion potential, corrosion current intensity, and corrosion rate values, as well as elementally and visually with SEM and EDX images. Wear test results showed that the wear volume in WC-coated rail steels decreased by 43.07 % and 46.94 % compared to uncoated rail steels in dry and wet conditions. Corrosion test results showed that the corrosion rate of WC-coated rail steels was lower compared to uncoated rail steels, and the corrosive effect spread to a smaller area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the self-sharpening characteristics of WC-Co alloy projectile core during penetration","authors":"Guixiang Yin ,&nbsp;Wenbin Li ,&nbsp;Xuanning Huang ,&nbsp;Bihui Hong ,&nbsp;Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Weihang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous researchers are seeking methods to enhance the penetration power of tungsten alloy long-rod projectiles, and generating “self-sharpening” in the head of projectile core during penetration is an effective solution. Previous studies found that 88 wt% WC-Co (tungsten‑cobalt cemented carbides) alloy formed smaller ballistic holes compared to conventional 93 W alloy during high-speed penetration test. It is commonly believed that penetrators with self-sharpening characteristics resulted in smaller hole diameters after penetration. This study selected 94 wt% WC-Co alloy and 88 wt% WC-Co alloy for comparative research. Two alloys were subjected to quasi-static, dynamic (SHPB) compression tests, and high-speed penetration tests. The specimens and residual projectile cores were systematically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that both alloy specimens were crushed, and the quasi-static compressive yield strength of 88 wt% WC-Co alloy was 3.42 GPa. As the fracture angle (angle between the top surface and the fracture surface) increased, the fracture mode gradually transitioned from transgranular to intergranular fracture, with observations of the lubricating characteristics of Co phase, and the fracture angle after SHPB tests basically exceeded 45°. The quasi-static compressive yield strength of 94 wt% WC alloy was 4.15 GPa, and after quasi-static/dynamic compression, the specimens developed longitudinal cracks from front to back, primarily in an intergranular fracture mode. After high-speed penetration tests, it was observed that the projectile cores made from both alloys demonstrated self-sharpening characteristics during penetration, achieved through material fragmentation and lubrication by Co phase. This study provides reference for further research on the self-sharpening characteristics of WC-Co alloy penetrators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14216,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 107150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}