International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"The development and testing of the TTU food cue reactivity image bank.","authors":"William R Quarles, Martin Binks","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01856-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01856-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Measuring food cue reactivity (FCR) is essential to understanding human ingestion in behavioral and neuroimaging studies. An image bank that can delineate the truly food-specific FCR response from spurious noise driven primarily by incidental characteristics (e.g., visual properties) of images is a useful addition to the literature. This study sought to develop and test the performance of the TTU Food Cue Reactivity Image Bank that matched 252 image pairs on visual characteristics (i.e., shape, color, visual complexity, and size), and to establish the appeal ratings of the images for use in future applications.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The TTU Food Cue Reactivity Image Bank was initially created, and subsequently evaluated by independent raters. Then, 151 individuals participated in a Qualtrics survey to determine the similarity of image pairs on relevant dimensions (i.e., shape, color, visual complexity, and size) and establish appeal ratings for food and non-food images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inter-rater agreement was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), which revealed very high agreement among raters for all similarity measures (shape ICC = 0.98; color ICC = 0.97; visual complexity ICC = 0.96; size ICC = 0.96; appeal ICC = 0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high agreement among raters on the visual characteristics and appeal ratings of the images increases confidence that food-cue-reactivity observed is based on intended \"image type\" distinctions (i.e., food vs. object) and not incidental visual features.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive markers of obesity and glucose metabolism dysfunction in adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).","authors":"Juan Pablo Arroyo, Corinna N Ross, Jessica Greig, Ricki J Colman, Suzette D Tardif, Michael L Power","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01841-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01841-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Characterize the effects of obesity on common marmoset glucose metabolism and develop predictive markers of glucose metabolism dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body size, weight, lean mass, fat mass, %fat, resting energy expenditure (REE), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured on 51 adult marmosets. Physical activity was assessed using actimeter collars (n = 50). A body mass-per-length parameter (BML) was constructed. Animals were classified as without obesity or with obesity (%fat >10%) and by the age they obtained maximum weight (Maxwt). Correlation, MANOVA, and binary logistic regression were used to examine relationships between parameters; path analysis to explore directional relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body fat and BML were correlated (r = 0.565, p < 0.001). Both were correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.658; r = 0.764, p < 0.001). Activity was negatively correlated with %fat and REE (r = -0.437, p = 0.002; r = -0.473, p < 0.001). REE was correlated with %fat, BML, and HbA1c (r > 0.5, p < 0.001). Marmosets with obesity were more likely to have elevated HbA1c (>5.7%; odds ratio = 8.25, p = 0.003). BML above 3.4 g/mm predicted obesity (OR = 6.25 [95% CI 1.62-24.02], p = 0.008) and high HbA1c (OR = 29.47 [95% CI 6.21-139.72], p < 0.001). Early Maxwt predicted increased fat mass (F = -0.476, p = 0.015) and high %fat (F = -0.084, p = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both %fat and BML were markers for high HbA1c. Early maximum adult weight predicts increased adiposity and risk of glucose dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of weight control interventions on cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","authors":"Xiaomei Chen, Xuge Zhang, Xiang Xiang, Xiang Fang, Fei Wei, Shenghong Feng","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01860-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01860-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Obesity and overweight are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Although various weight control interventions have been evaluated individually, their comparative effectiveness across outcomes and populations remains uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the effects of weight control interventions on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2024. Meta-analyses reporting pooled effect sizes for all-cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes were included. Reviews without quantitative synthesis were excluded. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. No new meta-analysis was conducted, relevant data were re-analyzed when required to ensure consistency. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024573542).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-seven effect sizes from 31 articles were extracted. Among pharmacologic interventions, high- to moderate-quality evidence showed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) were associated with reduced all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and heart failure among individuals with type 2 diabetes or overweight/obesity. Bariatric surgery was consistently associated with reduced risks for all cardiovascular outcomes except atrial fibrillation. For dietary strategies, low-fat diets were linked to lower all-cause mortality, while Mediterranean and Nordic diets showed benefits for stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Physical activity was associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Comprehensive lifestyle interventions showed no significant cardiovascular benefit. Most evidence was of moderate or low certainty due to methodological limitations, including bias, imprecision, and inconsistency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Weight control interventions are associated with improved all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. High- to moderate-quality evidence supported benefits of GLP1-RAs in individuals with type 2 diabetes or overweight. Dietary, surgical, and exercise interventions showed modest effects. No consistent cardiovascular benefit was observed for comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Weight Control Interventions and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Associations between five categories of weight control interventions-pharmacological interventions, bariatric surgery, dietary interventions, exercise interventions, and comprehensive lifestyle interventions-and seven cardiovascular outcomes are illustrated. Beneficial associations are indicated in pink, and interventions with no observed associations are shown in green. Created in ","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological issues related to maximal fat oxidation and FATmax reproducibility: a narrative review.","authors":"Isaac A Chávez Guevara, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01861-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01861-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and its corresponding exercise intensity (FATmax) seem to be reduced in individuals with obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases, showing a direct correlation with insulin resistance or sensitivity, muscle oxidative capacity, and adipose tissue lipolysis. In this review, we conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, summarizing the findings from 11 studies that evaluated the reproducibility of MFO and FATmax in both healthy individuals and people with obesity. Furthermore, we examine whether the reproducibility of these biomarkers is related to biological or methodological factors, underscoring the importance of standardizing pre-test macronutrient intake and physical activity levels. To further contribute to a standardized assessment of MFO and FATmax, this paper also discusses which exercise protocols and analytical procedures can be applied to minimize its measurement error. Finally, based on the accuracy of different gas analyzers for calculating substrate oxidation at FATmax, this review debates whether the reported day-to-day variation of these biomarkers may only represent the measurement error of these devices. Practical applications of MFO and FATmax reproducibility in the context of scientific research and exercise prescription are also provided, preventing biased hypothesis and theoretical models regarding fat oxidation capacity and cardio-metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic literature review on the awareness of obesity in adults and children living with obesity, the general public and healthcare professionals.","authors":"Lucas Schreurs, Inge Gies, Bart Van der Schueren, Diederik De Cock","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01855-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01855-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Awareness of obesity's causes and risks remains limited, affecting management and support efforts. This review evaluates evidence on obesity awareness across adults and children living with obesity, the general public and healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across three electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection, from inception until November 19, 2023. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) children or adults living with overweight or obesity, (2) healthcare providers, (3) general public, and (4) assessed awareness of obesity as a disease, including its complications, causes, and symptoms, using either qualitative or quantitative research methods. Meta-analyses were conducted using the Metafor package in R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 47 out of 14,871 unique records could be included. Meta-analysis revealed that 83% [0.75, 0.92] of healthcare professionals viewed obesity as a disease, compared to 75% [0.61, 0.89] of adults living with obesity and 68% [0.51, 0.85] of the general public. Cardiovascular diseases (0.83 [0.69, 0.96]) and Type 2 diabetes (0.81 [0.67, 0.95]) were the most commonly recognised complications of obesity. Lack of physical activity (0.82 [0.76, 0.82]) and excessive or unhealthy food intake (0.74 [0.63, 0.85]) were identified as the leading perceived causes. Only 49% [0.35, 0.63] acknowledged the role of genetic factors in contributing to obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although healthcare professionals were more likely to perceive obesity as a disease compared to the general public, significant awareness gaps persisted across all groups regarding its causes and complications. To bridge these gaps, future interventions focusing on knowledge and awareness concerning obesity should prioritise educating people on the pathophysiology of obesity, as well as the extensive range of its symptoms and complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of time restricted feeding with low carbohydrate, high protein and fat diet without calorie restriction on body weight, blood sugar and lipid profile over 6 months: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Somsubhra De,&nbsp;Andrew Chiew,&nbsp;Sook Vui Chong,&nbsp;Jasmine Chiew,&nbsp;Natalie Pui Yee Lum,&nbsp;Yi Chen Khor,&nbsp;Madhumanti Barman,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Das,&nbsp;Adinegara Lutfi Abas","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01832-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01832-3","url":null,"abstract":"People with obesity poses a threat for various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Combining time-restricted feeding (TRF) with calorie restriction has been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity, decrease BMI and improved lipid profile. The novel objective of this study is to examine the effects of TRF with low carbohydrate and high protein and fat (LCHPF) diet on control and management of body weight, blood sugar and good cholesterol. This retrospective cohort study was performed at Clinixero in Kuala Lumpur between February 2021 and August 2023. In an open-label trial, all participants were assigned to one of two intervention groups with varying intervention durations (3 months or 6 months). Three month intervention group consists of Phase 1 TRF of 1.5 months (7 weeks) of a 16:8 h fasting-to-feeding ratio followed by another 1.5 months (7 weeks) of a 23:1 h ratio, whereas in six month intervention group phase 1 TRF comprises 3 months (13 weeks) of a 16:8 h fasting-to-feeding ratio followed by another 3 months (13 weeks) of a 23:1 h ratio. Individual BMI was measured along with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profile before and after intervention. After a 3-month TRF with LCHPF diet, the mean BMI decreased, although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0572). However, after 6 months BMI was decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.0001). Individual fasting blood sugar (FBS) did not significantly decrease (p = 0.068) after 3 months of intervention. However, it was significantly reduced (p = 0.026) after 6 months of intervention. TRF with LCHPF diet significantly decreased HbA1c after a 3-month (p = 0.019) and 6-month intervention (p &lt; 0.0001). Triglycerides showed a reduction after 3 months of intervention, but it reduced significantly after 6 months (p &lt; 0.001). While the mean cholesterol, HDL and LDL showed a marked increase after 6 months (p &lt; 0.001) of intervention. TRF with LCHPF diet demonstrated significant improvement in BMI, FBS, HbA1c, triglycerides and HDL. Combining TRF and LCHPF could lead to better individual diabetic management.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1829-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity mediates the relationship between weight status and pain impacting daily activities","authors":"Jessica A. Peterson,&nbsp;Ashley Venturini,&nbsp;Daniel J. Larson,&nbsp;Yu Lu,&nbsp;Rebecca D. Larson,&nbsp;Christopher D. Black","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01838-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01838-x","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals who have chronic pain experience reductions in physical activity (PA), quality of life, and physical capabilities, creating a debilitating cycle where decreased PA and increased weight exacerbate pain. This study aimed to examine associations between weight status, PA, and time spent in pain using a nationally representative sample, accounting for demographic factors. Using data from the 2011–2012 NHANES cycle, a comparison of pain groups with weight status and PA (total and type) and a mediation analysis using PA (total and type) as a mediator between weight status and time spent in pain were conducted. Total PA groups differed in pain levels with those engaging in vigorous activity having the lowest prevalence in the \"pain always\" category (5.4%), and those with obesity had a higher prevalence of “pain always” (49.6%) compared to those with normal weight (19.5%) and those with overweight (30.9%). Total PA mediated the relationship between people with obesity and the amount of time spent in pain (effect:1.141; CI:0.456–1.837), that is, compared to those who have normal weight, those who have obesity were less likely to meet the total PA guideline, and subsequently likely to spend more days in pain. Breaking down PA by types, travel PA (effect:0.071; CI:0.024–0.152), moderate recreational PA (effect:0.041; CI:0.018–0.079), and vigorous recreational PA (effect:0.135; CI:0.035–0.279) significantly mediated the relationships between people with obesity and days spent in pain. Findings suggest that vigorous PA is linked to lower pain prevalence. Additionally, PA significantly mediates the relationship between people with obesity and days spent in pain. While people with overweight alone was not associated with the number of days spent in pain, engaging in vigorous recreational activities was linked to reductions in days spent in pain for individuals with overweight, highlighting the importance of staying active to manage pain.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1882-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptome atlas and genome-wide Mendelian randomization reveal chemokine involvement in diverse immune cells in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Yang Liu, Tao Wang, Rong Wu, Jiapeng Gao, Jiexun Cai, Lixia Huo, Xiaoyu Li, Jingwen Li, Jue Wang, Zhen Wang, Xiaoyi Wang, Yunliang Yao","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01846-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01846-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemokine-driven immune dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of T2D pathogenesis(T2D), where insulin resistance and metabolic stressors drive chronic inflammation. While chemokine cascades are hypothesized to mediate diabetic immunopathology, causal mediators remain undefined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) of genome-wide association studies to identify causal inflammatory mediators, serological validation in streptozotocin-induced murine T2D models, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to map immune cell heterogeneity and intercellular communication networks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR prioritized IFN-γ, CCL7, MIF, and CXCL9 as genetically supported T2D effectors. Murine validation confirmed CCL7 and MIF as robust circulating mediators. scRNA-seq revealed compartment-specific chemokine receptor dynamics (CCR4/5/6, CXCR3/4/5, CX3CR1), dominated by enhanced CCL5-CCR5 and CCL6-CCR2 crosstalk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work establishes a systems-level framework for chemokine signaling in T2D immunopathogenesis, identifying nodal regulators of immune crosstalk as potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index and infection risks in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using electronic health records","authors":"Iain M. Carey,&nbsp;Tess Harris,&nbsp;Umar A. R. Chaudhry,&nbsp;Stephen DeWilde,&nbsp;Elizabeth S. Limb,&nbsp;Liza Bowen,&nbsp;Selma Audi,&nbsp;Derek G. Cook,&nbsp;Peter H. Whincup,&nbsp;Naveed Sattar,&nbsp;Arshia Panahloo,&nbsp;Julia A. Critchley","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01828-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01828-z","url":null,"abstract":"Observational studies have found U-shaped associations between body mass index (BMI) and infections. While people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are generally more likely to live with obesity and be at higher risk of infections, it is unknown whether BMI has the same impact on infection risk in people with and without diabetes, and whether this varies by type of infection. 516,935 people with T2D and 751,909 people without diabetes, aged 18–90 and alive on 1/1/2015 with BMI measured during 2011–14 matched on age, sex and ethnicity in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Infections during 2015–19 were collated from primary care and linked hospitalisation records. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for infection, across 12 BMI categories (from ≤19 kg/m2 to &gt;48 kgm2) using a reference group of &gt;24–≤26 kg/m2. Separate models for T2D and non-diabetes were used, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, smoking and co-morbidity. Additional analyses explored associations by common infection types. People with T2D were at higher infection risk than people without diabetes at all BMI levels, however the pattern observed at different BMI levels was similar in both groups (e.g. BMI &gt;48 compared to BMI &gt;24–≤26, T2D IRR = 2.35, 95%CI 2.26–2.44, non-diabetes IRR = 2.52, 95%CI 2.30–2.75 for hospitalisation-related infections). Hospitalisation-related infections showed a U-shaped association with BMI not explained by age, smoking or co-morbidity, whereas primary care infections were predominately associated with higher BMI levels only. Cellulitis showed the strongest trends in relation to high BMI levels, whilst lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis were related to both high and low BMI levels. Infection risks are consistently higher for people with T2D but the association with increasing levels of BMI appears similar both in patients with and without diabetes. Additionally, being underweight is also associated with increased risk of infections requiring hospitalisation.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1800-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-025-01828-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of childhood obesity using longitudinal clinical body mass index and its validation","authors":"Nia Ebrahim,&nbsp;Apruva Khadegi,&nbsp;Shuliang Deng,&nbsp;Kun Qian,&nbsp;Zonghui Yao,&nbsp;Shaleen Thaker,&nbsp;Benjamin May,&nbsp;Nandan Patibandala,&nbsp;Sara Lopez-Pintado,&nbsp;Vidhu V. Thaker","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01836-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01836-z","url":null,"abstract":"Persistence of childhood adiposity is known to be associated with long-term adverse cardiometabolic risks. Yet, cross-sectional body mass index (BMI) is often used to classify obesity in clinical care and research. This study aimed to develop and validate a childhood BMI classification system using real life longitudinal clinical data. This observational study used electronic health record data from a tertiary care hospital, with replication in an independent cohort. For individuals with ≥ 3 BMI measurements, the median BMI percentile and persistence in the obesity class were used for longitudinal classification. The association between longitudinal BMI class and early onset obesity, socioeconomic status (SES), and adverse cardiometabolic risk was analyzed. Height, weight, and cardiometabolic risk measures were obtained for 22,352 children from 2014–18 in the primary cohort and 24,444 children in the replication cohort. Obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile [BMIpct95]) was observed in 24.1% and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 120% of BMIpct95) in 10.6%. Individuals with early onset obesity (age ≤ 6 years) remained in the same or higher obesity class; those in the high-SES group had lower odds of obesity. The proportion of individuals with cardiometabolic risk increased with obesity severity (p-value 0.01 - &lt; 0.001). The AUC for cardiometabolic risk by longitudinal BMI class was higher compared to that for cross-sectional BMI (80.0% vs. 75.8%, p &lt; 0.001). The Longitudinal BMI classification may better reflect long-term cardiometabolic risk in children. This classification can be useful for focused intervention strategies and for profiling of individuals for genetic testing.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}