International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"The association between the duration and degree of adiposity and appetitive trait trajectory profiles from childhood into early adolescence - results from the Generation XXI cohort.","authors":"Rita Pereira, Joana Araújo, Alexandra Costa, Milton Severo, Andreia Oliveira","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01765-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01765-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body weight in childhood may predict appetitive traits. However, studies on the accumulated effect of adiposity and approaches using the clustering of different appetitive traits are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test associations between a cumulative measure of adiposity [from 4 to 13 years old (y)] and appetitive trait trajectory profiles (from 7 to 13 y), as well as to explore whether body mass index (BMI) at specific ages is associated with these profiles, independently of the cumulative BMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants are from the Generation XXI birth cohort (Porto, Portugal) with weight and height measured at 4, 7, 10 and 13 y and complete data in variables of interest (final sample of n = 3339). Age- and sex-specific adjusted BMI standard deviation scores were calculated. The duration and degree of BMI were summarized through the BMI area under the curve (BMI_AUC), as an indicator of accumulated adiposity. Appetitive traits were assessed at 7, 10 and 13 y, using the validated Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Six previously identified profiles of appetite (groups of individuals with similar patterns of trajectories) were considered: 'moderate appetite' (reference profile), 'small appetite but increasing', 'small to moderate appetite', 'avid appetite', 'increasing appetite' and 'smallest appetite'. Multinomial logistic regressions tested associations between BMI_AUC and profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median monthly exposure to BMI_AUC was 17.4 kg/m². Except for 'increasing appetite', BMI_AUC was associated with all profiles: positively with the 'avid appetite' (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.40-1.55) and negatively with the remaining ones, particularly with 'smallest appetite' (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73-0.83). Having overweight/obesity at 7 y increased 113% the odds of having an 'avid appetite' profile (OR = 2.13 95% CI: 1.42-3.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with the highest cumulative adiposity between 4 and 13 y were more likely to present an 'avid appetite' during childhood. Additionally, having excessive weight at age 7 may indicate a higher appetite in subsequent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of subclinical hypothyroidism on kidney damage in children with obesity.","authors":"Anna Di Sessa, Josè Alberto D'Anna, Rosa Melone, Gianmario Forcina, Giusy Capasso, Giuseppina Rosaria Umano, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Pierluigi Marzuillo","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01752-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01752-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The interplay of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) with obesity has been well-documented, while an intriguing but still controversial association with kidney damage (KD) has recently emerged. Given the heightened cardiometabolic risk inherent to pediatric obesity, this might further impact on the overall health of children with obesity. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the impact of SH on KD in children with obesity.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>We retrospectively examined 355 children with obesity stratified according to presence or absence of SH. KD was defined as reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m²) and/or hypertension, and/or albuminuria (≥30 mg/g urinary creatinine), while SH was defined by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) > 4.5μ UI/ml with normal free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with SH showed a higher KD prevalence than those without SH (p = 0.004). They also had lower eGFR levels than their counterparts without SH (p = 0.001) and showed an adjusted OR to have KD of 2.04 (95% CI: 1.15-3.61; p = 0.015). A general linear model for eGFR variance showed an inverse association of eGFR with TSH levels (p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although preliminary, our data suggested an increased risk of KD in children with obesity and SH.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1200-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal obesity promotes impaired renal autophagic process and kidney injury in male offspring.","authors":"Nichakorn Phengpol, Sasivimon Promsan, Nattavadee Pengrattanachot, Onanong Jaruan, Prempree Sutthasupha, Anusorn Lungkaphin","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01751-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01751-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in later life in offspring. Impaired renal autophagic process is linked to kidney dysfunction in the setting of increased renal lipid accumulation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of maternal obesity on kidney injury related to impaired renal autophagic process in the offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maternal obesity model was conducted using female C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks before mating. HFD was consecutively maintained throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were selected for investigation after weaning. Metabolic parameters and kidney morphology were performed. Renal insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, lipid accumulation, fibrosis and autophagy were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male offspring of HFD fed mothers developed obesity with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and consequently promoted kidney injury. Maternal obesity increased CD36, FAS, SREBP1c and Perilipin-2 while suppressed PPARα and CPT1A. The reduction of AMPK, SIRT1, Beclin-1, LC3B, and LAMP2 and the elevation of mTOR and SQSTM1/P62 were observed. These findings indicated the impairment of autophagy and renal lipid metabolism exaggerating renal lipid accumulation in the offspring of maternal obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that long-term HFD consumption in mothers promoted obesity with insulin resistance related kidney injury through the impairment of autophagic process and renal lipid metabolism in the offspring. These circumstances accelerated kidney injury and contributed to an increased susceptibility to CKD in male offspring of maternal obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1104-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater durability of weight loss at ten years with gastric bypass compared to sleeve gastrectomy.","authors":"Sarah Ying Tse Tan, Yong Qin Lee, Gwyneth Syn, Fan Shuen Tseng, Jasmine Kai Ling Chua, Hong Chang Tan, Emily Tse Lin Ho, Jean Paul Kovalik, Chin Hong Lim, Alvin Kim Hock Eng, Weng Hoong Chan, Eugene Kee Wee Lim, Jeremy Tian Hui Tan, Angelina Xiangying Foo, Orlanda Qi Mei Goh, Phong Ching Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01760-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01760-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GB) are the most commonly performed bariatric surgeries. However, there is insufficient data on which leads to greater long-term (10 year) weight loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects who underwent SG and GB from 2008-2013 were followed up at 2, 5, and 10 years post-operatively for weight and diabetes (DM) outcomes. Percentage total weight loss (%TWL), weight regain ( ≥ 20% from nadir) and DM remission rates were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects (n = 253) who underwent SG (60.9%) and GB (39.1%) were included. The mean age was 41.4 ± 10.6 y, 39.1% were male, and the mean body mass index was 42.1 ± 9.3 kg/m² with no significant difference between groups. The GB group had a greater proportion of subjects with DM (83.8% vs 19.5%, p < 0.001). At 2 y, %TWL was comparable (GB: 22.3 ± 9.6%, SG: 22.6 ± 10.5%, p = 0.824). However, those who underwent GB had significantly higher %TWL at 5 y (GB: 21.5 ± 8.9%, SG 18.0 ± 11.3%, p = 0.029) and 10 y (GB: 21.0 ± 9.0%, SG: 15.4 ± 12.1%, p = 0.001). The rate of significant weight regain was higher amongst the SG group at both 5 y (SG: 14.7%, GB: 3.8%, p = 0.018) and 10 y (SG: 27.9%, GB: 13.7%, p = 0.037) post-operatively. On multiple linear regression, GB remained significantly associated with greater %TWL at 10 y compared to SG (b = 5.51; adjusted p-value = 0.013), after adjusting for age, sex, pre-operative BMI, pre-operative glycemic status, and surgery year. There was no difference in DM remission rates at 10 y (SG: 26.7%, GB: 19.1%, p = 0.385).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GB was able to produce greater %TWL and less weight regain than SG at 5 and 10 years post-operatively. There was no difference in long-term DM remission rates between the two surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1153-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of methods used in the management of maternal obesity on pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Döndü Kurnaz, Zekiye Karaçam","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01748-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01748-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was conducted to determine the effects of the methods used in the management of maternal obesity on pregnancy and birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted following the PRISMA Statement. The articles to be used in the meta-analysis were searched in PubMed, National Thesis Center, DergiPark, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EBSCO search engines in October 2021 and updated in September 2023. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated using ROB2. The data were synthesized using meta-analysis, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. Twenty-one studies published between 2013 and 2021 were included in the study. The total sample size of the studies was 7695.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weight management interventions significantly reduced weight gain during pregnancy (p < 0.001) and birth weight (p < 0.01). Did not affect other adverse pregnancy outcomes included in the synthesis (p > 0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that the method of handing out brochures resulted in lower levels of birth weight (p < 0.01) and weight gained during pregnancy (p < 0.001); the use of metformin was associated with a significant drop in admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.01); the method of exercise was associated with lower in gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), weight gained during pregnancy (p < 0.001), birth weight (p = 0.01) and large-for-gestational-age baby birth (p < 0.05), while and the combination of diet and exercise significantly reduced weight gained during pregnancy (p = 0.001). The certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE for all 15 critical outcomes was high 15 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that methods used in the treatment of maternal obesity may reduce some negative maternal and newborn outcomes, but it is more important to start pregnancy with an ideal weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric surgery is associated with lower incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome.","authors":"Tal Frenkel Rutenberg, Lihi Godny, Ran Rutenberg, Assaf Kadar, Sigal Frishman, Sorin Daniel Iordache","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01733-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01733-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is related with increased risk for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on the incidence of nerve entrapments is undetermined. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of CTS following BS in a large cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of patients with obesity who underwent BS was conducted. The incidence of CTS in the 5-years pre- and post BS was compared. Patients who developed CTS following BS were compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six-thousand, one-hundred and twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 41.2 (SD 12.9) years, most were female (68.6%). The average pre-operative BMI was 42.9 (SD 5.4). Most patients underwent restrictive surgery. The incidence of CTS at the 5-years prior to the BS was significantly higher than the post BS incidence, 8.4% versus 5.1% respectively (p < 0.001) despite the aging of the cohort. Patients who developed CTS following the BS were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prior to the BS. They had a higher BMI and excess body weight at every time point measured and a lower BMI reduction. Weight regain was not associated with increased incidence of CTS. Finally, a direct correlation between excess weight loss to greater reduction in the incidence of CTS was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BS was found to be associated with reduced incidence of developing CTS. There is a dose-response association where greater weight loss following BS is protective of developing CTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early childhood adiposity, lifestyle and gut microbiome are linked to steatotic liver disease development in adolescents.","authors":"Chenxi Cai, Zhengxiao Zhang, Gigliola Alberti, Ana Pereira, Florencia De Barbieri, Cristián García, Eytan Wine, Juan Cristóbal Gana","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01737-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01737-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>To examine the relationship between early childhood adiposity, adolescent lifestyles, gut microbiota and steatotic liver disease (SLD) development in adolescents using data from a prospective, longitudinal cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 69 adolescents (14-17 years old) with SLD and 69 adolescents without SLD, matched for BMI-z scores, sex, and age, from the 13-year longitudinal cohort the \"Growth and Obesity Cohort Study\". Anthropometric data between the ages of 4 and 17 and lifestyle parameters (including diet and physical activity) at 14-17 years old were evaluated. Fecal samples were collected and microbiome composition and function were assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis demonstrated dietary intake factors and childhood adiposity factors expanding the distribution variation between case and control groups, respectively. Lower odds of developing SLD during adolescence was associated with higher levels of daily fiber intake during adolescence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.91) and lower childhood adiposity (triceps skinfold at 5 years of age, suprailiac skinfold at 8 and 11 years of age, and waist-to-hip ratio at age 5-9 years). SLD was associated with a lower abundance of specific microbial species, such as Bacteroides vulgatus, which was higher in the control group compared to the case group (control/case abundance ratio = 18.71). B. vulgatus abundance also positively correlated with dietary fiber intake and inversely correlated with childhood adiposity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adiposity in early childhood and a low dietary fiber intake may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLD during adolescence, possibly through alterations to the intestinal microbiome; these findings could inform early disease markers and targets for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1056-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a machine learning model for predicting pediatric metabolic syndrome using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters.","authors":"Youngha Choi, Kanghyuck Lee, Eun Gyung Seol, Joon Young Kim, Eun Byoul Lee, Hyun Wook Chae, Taehoon Ko, Kyungchul Song","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01761-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01761-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence is increasing among children and adolescents. This study developed a machine learning model to predict MS using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters, highlighting its ability to handle complex, nonlinear variable relationships more effectively than traditional methods such as logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 359 youths from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 16 MS, 343 normal) and 174 youths from real-world clinical data (66 MS, 108 normal). Model 1 used anthropometric data, Model 2 used BIA parameters, and Model 3 combined both. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting trained the models, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) evaluated performance. Shapley value analysis was applied to assess the contribution of each parameter to the model's prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUCs for Models 1, 2, and 3 were 0.75, 0.66, and 0.90, respectively, in the KNHANES dataset, and 0.56, 0.61, and 0.74, respectively, in the real-world dataset. In pairwise comparison, Model 3 outperformed both Model 1 and Model 2 in both the KNHANES dataset (Model 1 vs. Model 3, p = 0.026; Model 2 vs. Model 3, p = 0.033) and the real-world dataset (Model 1 vs. Model 3, p = 0.035; Model 2 vs. Model 3, p = 0.008). Body fat mass was identified as the most significant contributor to Model 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integrated model using both anthropometric and BIA parameters demonstrated strong predictability for pediatric MS, underlining its potential as an effective screening tool for MS in both clinical and general populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1159-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between metabolically healthy obesity and risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jialin Deng, Lu He, Luokai Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, Qixiang Fu, Rongqi Ding, Yunhao Lv, Yimiao Jiang, Xinhua Xiao, Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01741-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01741-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aimed to explore the association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the risk of depression. Databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were searched up to 20 June 2024. Observational studies were included if they compared groups with MHO, metabolically unhealthy nonobesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity to groups with metabolically healthy nonobesity for the risk of depression. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs). Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted according to age, study design, definition of MHO, BMI cut-off value, depression assessment method, geographic location, ethnicity, development status, and gender to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Three cohorts and 9 cross-sectional studies (N = 1,277,267 participants) were included in this review. Individuals with MHO (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.04, 1.12], I² = 88.3%), metabolically unhealthy nonobesity (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.04, 1.28], I² = 99.6%), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.12, 1.51], I² = 99.8%) had an increased risk of depression than individuals with metabolically healthy nonobesity. The association between MHO and risk of depression was stronger in women (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20) and populations from North America (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.58) and Europe (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.07-1.41). Inconsistencies in MHO definitions and BMI cutoff values across studies were important sources of heterogeneity (subgroup analysis: P_Q = 29.87, p = 0.001; meta-regression: p = 0.015, R² = 100%). MHO was associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly among women and populations from North America and Europe. These high-risk groups need personalized interventions. Standardizing definition for MHO could enhance comparability across studies. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to validate our findings by including populations from developing nations and employing rigorous definitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"980-991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irisin reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction via activation of brown adipose tissue in mice.","authors":"Jingyue Dai, Yufei Zhao, Yue Chen, Yang Jiang, Rui Sun, Xingzhe Tang, Ying Cui, Hui Mao, Xin-Gui Peng","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01739-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01739-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-fat diet (HFD) induces negative effects on the activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and systemic energy metabolism. Irisin, a small hormonal agent known to modulate metabolism has been used for intervening HFD-induced obesity. However, its mechanism of action on iBAT function remains to be fully elucidated. This study sought to investigate whether irisin intervention could restore the thermogenic function of iBAT in mice with HFD-induced obesity, thereby regulating systemic metabolism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were used to monitor changes of thermogenic capacity of iBAT and systemic metabolism in mice with HFD-induced obesity and iBAT deficiency during 2-week or 4-week irisin intervention. Pathological and molecular biology analyses were performed on tissue and blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prolonged HFD feeding in mice induced obesity and impaired the thermogenic capacity of iBAT. MRI results showed that irisin intervention for 4-week reduced lipid content in iBAT, increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP 1) expression and enhanced glucose analogue uptake capacity. These improvements of functions in iBAT activity were accompanied by an improvement in systemic metabolism. The positive effects of irisin appears to be dependent on the length of intervention time. When iBAT was removed, the beneficial effects of irisin were partially suppressed, suggesting that irisin regulates metabolism through the restoration of the thermogenic function of iBAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFD results in reduced thermogenic capacity of iBAT, while irisin intervention can effectively restore iBAT function, leading to improvement in overall glucose and lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}