International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Impact of diabetes on proteomic changes in circulating extracellular vesicles in individuals with obesity before and after bariatric surgery","authors":"Haekyung Lee, Jae-A Han, Hee-Sung Ahn, Soon Hyo Kwon, Kyunggon Kim, Seongho Ryu","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01837-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01837-y","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of diabetes on EV protein dynamics in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. This prospective study assessed the serum EV proteins in 30 patients with obesity, with and without diabetes, and 37 healthy controls using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EV proteins were also analyzed 6 months after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. We found 19 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in EVs between healthy controls and patients with obesity. In addition, 20 DEPs between patients with obesity who had and did not have diabetes were identified. After bariatric surgery, 14 DEPs mainly involved in the immune system were identified in patients with obesity and diabetes; adiponectin (ADIPOQ), mannose binding lectin 2 (MBL2), and hornerin (HRNR) were associated with glycemic control, body mass index, and weight loss, respectively. In patients with obesity without diabetes, 13 DEPs after bariatric surgery were predominantly involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism. Diabetes affects the differences in EV protein profiles in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. These DEPs may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for obesity-related diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1874-1881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-025-01837-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational associations between maternal body mass index before or during pregnancy with offspring metabolomics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Huan Hu, Yue Yang, Yongping Zhang, Ling-Jun Li, Jinhong Liu, Ruochen Du, Jinrui Xiong, Zimeng Chen, Peng Huang, Mengjiao Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01840-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01840-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal body mass index (BMI) before or during pregnancy and the metabolic profiles of offspring in the life course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched six databases: PubMed, Ovid Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Wan Fang data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, which yielded 3584 unduplicated articles, and after the full-text screening, 12 observational and three intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies assessed pre-pregnancy BMI (ppBMI), whereas the remaining used booking BMI during antenatal visits. Most studies (10 out of 15) examined newborn metabolomics, four in early-mid childhood, and only one in adolescents and adults. The number of mother-offspring pairs ranged from 57 to 10,251, and the age of the population ranged from 15 to 44.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that maternal BMI before or during pregnancy was positively associated with adverse offspring metabolomic profiles, characterized by lipids (higher triglyceride, total cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), amino acids (higher branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids), carbohydrate-related metabolites (higher glucose and insulin). Studies on lipids have the most consistent results in both observational and intervention studies. The impact of maternal BMI on offspring metabolomics exerted from birth till adolescence and young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study highlights a potential intergenerational association between maternal BMI and offspring metabolomic profiles. Interventions on maternal BMI before or during pregnancy showed the potential to reverse the adverse changes in offspring's metabolic profiles, but long-term health benefits warrant to be verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the role of metallothioneins in obesity and diabetes.","authors":"Ana Maria Jimenez Jimenez, Hana Michalkova, Sona Krizkova, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rego, Vojtech Adam, Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01850-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01850-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich intracellular proteins. The best-known biological functions of MTs are sequestration of metal ions and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Despite these protective functions, it has been demonstrated that MTs are involved in tumorigenesis, cellular differentiation, drug resistance, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, in which MTs expression is substantially deregulated in adipose tissue. In addition, many studies have experimentally evidenced a possible role of MTs in the development of diabetes. Given the rich biochemical properties of MTs, it can be concluded that they are involved in several aspects of development and progression of obesity and diabetes. Thus, evaluation of expression of MTs could serve as biomarker to personalize available therapeutic interventions and possibly to develop novel advanced therapeutic modalities. Overall, the purpose of this review is analyze and review the latest studies aimed on the multiple roles of MTs in metabolic disorders, possible use of MTs as obesity and diabetes biomarkers and the role of MTs in cardioprotection during diabetes progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of socioeconomic status with BMI differs by sex and position on BMI distribution among participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS)","authors":"Romaniya S. Voloshchuk,&nbsp;Nanette R. Lee,&nbsp;Delia B. Carba,&nbsp;Linda S. Adair","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01826-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01826-1","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the association of variables representing the nutrition transition with BMI among young adults in a dynamic urbanising area in the Philippines; to test whether the roles of these variables were constant across the BMI distribution; and whether these patterns differed by sex. Data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey rounds in 2002 (n = 1940), 2005 (n = 1802), 2009 (n = 1621), and 2018 (n = 1267) were used to assess BMI among young adults (ages 21–35 years). Main exposures included socioeconomic status (SES) represented by a lagged household asset index and urbanicity, and current education level. Models were stratified by sex and adjusted for employment status and parity in females. Quantile regression was used to examine the relationship between these variables and BMI. Household asset index was highly correlated with male BMI, its coefficient increasing from 2005 to 2018 and differing between quantiles; its association with female BMI was only positive among parous women whose BMI was at 0.50 and 0.75 quantiles in 2005. We found no associations between urbanicity and BMI in males, but negative and positive associations at 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles in females in 2018, respectively. College education was negatively associated with BMI in females, with larger effect sizes at 0.75 quantile, but positively in males at 0.25 and 0.50 quantiles in 2018. Associations of SES-related variables with BMI vary along BMI distribution and differ among male and female young adults in Cebu, Philippines. Males exhibit a pattern more characteristic of lower- or middle-income country (LMIC) settings than females, whose trends are more akin to those observed in high-income countries (HICs). Results will inform a more detailed inquiry into more proximal factors determining BMI.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 8","pages":"1589-1597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual demonstration of weight loss and health risk improvement with a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist.","authors":"Sophia Ramirez, Ryan Yang, Muhammed Habibovic, Samantha Kennedy, Jonathan P Bennett, John A Shepherd, Diana M Thomas, Steven B Heymsfield","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01842-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01842-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body weight and health-outcome results of highly effective new GLP-1R agonist medicine trials are usually presented in scientific reports in the form of standard graphs and tables. These representations are not easily translated to what the average participant looked like or their health risks at the outset of the study and how improvements in adiposity and clinical measures changed with treatment. Two recently developed methods for visually presenting complex weight and health-risk information that encapsulate substantial amounts of clinical trial observations were recently developed that can potentially supplement and give new insights into conventional GLP-1R agonist scientific reports. The current study aim was to put these visual presentations into a demonstration format to explore if and to what extent they convey new or useful information beyond traditional graphical and tabular approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The first developed approach was the capability of generating, with manifold regression, humanoid avatars with accurate anthropometric dimensions. The second developed approach, body roundness index (BRI), associates a person's shape phenotype with high-risk adiposity components and multiple health outcomes; BRI can be displayed in a visual format. These two approaches were applied to produce visual representations of body size and shape in Surmount 1 average male and female participants (maximal-tolerated dose group) at baseline and after 72-weeks of tirzepatide treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Developed images revealed clear excess adiposity and high health-risk (BRI) at baseline with marked improvements, although not to within the healthy BMI (<25 kg/m²) and BRI ranges at 72 weeks, observations not evident in the published report. Avatar analyses revealed sexual dimorphism in regional shape (volume) changes with weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual presentation of new weight loss medicine trial results can supplement standard published reports by condensing substantial amounts of complex technical information in an easily understood format that can potentially yield new study insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome in the association of BMI and trajectory of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly population: a cohort study from China.","authors":"Yue Dong, Qihang Hu, Yahui Wang, Yuzhi Xi, Zhijun Chai","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01845-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01845-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between BMI and depressive symptoms among adults aged over 45 and further explore the mediating role of metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Our data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMI was categorized into: underweight (≤18.5 kg/m²), healthy weight (18.5-23.0 kg/m²), overweight (23.0-27.5 kg/m²), and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m²). The Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms. The logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between BMI and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13,422 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional analysis and 10,136 individuals were included in the longitudinal study. Two trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: low-stable trajectory and high-ascending trajectory. Individuals with underweight exhibited higher risks of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.43) and were more likely to follow the high-ascending trajectory (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.61) compared with those with healthy weight. Conversely, participants with overweight and obesity had reduced risks of depressive symptoms (overweight: OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80-0.95; obesity: OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94) and were less likely to follow the high-ascending trajectory (overweight: OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95; obesity: OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-0.99). Furthermore, metabolic syndrome accounted for 31.87% of the association between BMI and depressive symptoms and 50.60% of the association between BMI and depressive symptom trajectory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Underweight was a risk factor for depressive symptoms and high-ascending trajectory of depressive symptoms. Medical professionals should pay attention to the mental status of middle-aged and older adults with underweight and interventions of improving metabolic syndrome could protect mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological determinants of exercise adherence in individuals with severe obesity awaiting bariatric surgery: what strategies can physical therapists adopt in prehabilitation programs? A scoping review","authors":"Ananda Quaresma Nascimento,&nbsp;Darlan Laurício Matte,&nbsp;Diego Bessa Dantas,&nbsp;Amanda Farias e Farias,&nbsp;Karina Abreu,&nbsp;Alexandro Andrade","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01830-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01830-5","url":null,"abstract":"Bariatric surgery is recognized for its efficacy in addressing the physical and psychological challenges of severe obesity. Pre-surgical rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in enhancing treatment success. By examining modifiable psychological processes linked to exercise adherence, treatment outcomes for surgery candidates can be improved. The objective of this scoping review was to identify psychological factors influencing adherence to physical exercise in individuals with obesity awaiting bariatric surgery and to assess physical therapy interventions that could instigate lasting behavioral changes in surgical candidates within rehabilitation programs. Following the JBI protocol, various databases were scrutinized, including EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PsyINFO, LILACS, and grey literature sources such as Google Scholar. Studies encompassing individuals with obesity of both sexes, aged over 18, enrolled in perioperative intervention programs were considered. The review encompassed 7 relevant studies. Key psychological constructs associated with exercise adherence included quality of life, pleasure, motivation, self-efficacy, self-monitoring, goal setting, and information seeking. Interventions employed cognitive behavioral therapy, group or individual physical activity counseling, and digital technologies to optimize exercise adherence. In conclusion, bariatric rehabilitation programs should embrace physical activity counseling with a multi-theoretical approach, tailored to the unique needs and perspectives of surgical candidates. The integration of remote digital technologies preoperatively could serve as an effective strategy to provide support and guidance for behavioral changes.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1704-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness associate with disease and anthropometric factors","authors":"Marjola Thanaj,&nbsp;Nicolas Basty,&nbsp;Madeleine Cule,&nbsp;Elena P. Sorokin,&nbsp;Brandon Whitcher,&nbsp;Ramprakash Srinivasan,&nbsp;Jimmy D. Bell,&nbsp;E. Louise Thomas","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01829-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01829-y","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) mesh-derived phenotypes enable detailed characterisation of organ morphology and regional variation through statistical parametric maps (SPMs) and statistical shape analysis (SSA). While these techniques have been widely used for organ studies, their application to abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) has been limited. This study investigates the associations between ASAT thickness, anthropometric traits, and clinical conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. We analysed ASAT using MRI data from 44,515 participants in the UK Biobank who underwent baseline imaging, with a subset of 3088 participants receiving a follow-up scan approximately 2 years later. ASAT thickness was quantified using 3D surface meshes. Regional associations with anthropometric and clinical variables were examined using SPMs. Additionally, principal components of ASAT thickness, derived via SSA, were analysed for their association with future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. ASAT thickness was significantly associated with age, alcohol consumption, visceral fat, total muscle mass, and various health-related traits. Longitudinal analysis revealed significant changes in ASAT thickness over a 2.5-year period in both sexes, independent of disease status at baseline. Notably, regional variations in hip ASAT thickness were associated with incident CVD in women (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97, p = 0.023) and with hypertension in both women (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21, p = 0.045) and men (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.96, p = 0.014). 3D quantification and morphometric analysis of ASAT offer novel insights into the associations between abdominal fat distribution, lifestyle factors, and chronic disease risk. These techniques hold promise for enhancing our understanding of fat-related disease mechanisms in population-level studies.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1810-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-025-01829-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term fasting-induced parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous system modulation in a subgroup of the GENESIS study.","authors":"Robin Mesnage, Alfred Holley, Franziska Grundler, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo, Pierre Croisille","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01843-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01843-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are known to be modulated during long-term fasting, but temporal dynamics and persistence post-fasting are unclear. We analyzed daily heart rate variability (HRV), as a reflection of autonomic nervous system balance, as an exploratory analysis, in 16 participants from the GENESIS trial following the Buchinger fasting protocol (12 days of ~250 kcal/day). HRV was assessed via Polar H10 sensors daily 7 days before, during and 7 days after fasting. Overall, fasting led to an increase in parasympathetic activity, as indicated by higher root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) values, which rose from 27.16 ± 10.5 to 32.92 ± 17.65 ms (p < 0.001), alongside a reduction in sympathetic activity, with values decreasing from 0.39 ± 0.83 to 0 ± 1.05 (p < 0.001). Day-by-day analysis showed an initial rise in sympathetic activation during the early fasting phase (p < 0.05). Mental well-being improved significantly (p < 0.05), while sleep quality remained unchanged. These findings highlight fasting's potential for autonomic regulation and stress resilience, with implications for clinical applications in stress-related disorders. Larger, randomized studies are needed to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of methyl donor nutrients and incidence of obesity: is the association influenced by parent’s obesity? Results of 4 years of follow-up of the CUME study","authors":"Carolynne Martins Teixeira,&nbsp;Josefina Bressan,&nbsp;Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol,&nbsp;Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal,&nbsp;Adriano Marçal Pimenta,&nbsp;Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01834-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01834-1","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation is labile to the consumption of methyl donor nutrients (MetD), and may modulate gene expression associated with obesity. To evaluate the association between MetD consumption and the incidence of obesity, as well as to test the modifying role of the effect of the family history of the disease in this association. This longitudinal study, with 1205 participants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME study), evaluated the incidence of obesity in a 4-year follow-up (2016– 2020). The intake of MetD nutrients (B2, B6, B9, B12, choline, betaine, and methionine) was estimated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated for the population. A MetD score was calculated and later stratified into low, intermediate, and high scores according to the tertiles of the sample. The presence of father and mother with obesity and parental obesity (father and mother with the disease) was self-reported. Associations were tested by Cox regression. 89 (7.4%) cases of obesity were identified during follow-up. Participants who were in the third quartile of B2 consumption and the second quartile of B9 and choline consumption presented 60% (95%CI: 0.20–0.79), 52% (95%CI: 0.26–0.89) and 52% (95%CI: 0.24–0.93) less risk of developing obesity, respectively. Presenting an intermediate MetD score was also associated with a lower risk for the outcome (HR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.18–0.84). However, the association between high MetD score and obesity incidence was observed only among individuals with a history of the disease in the father (HR: 0.19; 95%CI: 0.03–0.98; p-interaction = 0.022). Intermediate consumption of B2, B9, and choline was associated with a lower risk of obesity, while a high MetD score was associated with reduced risk of outcome in those with a history of paternal obesity.","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":"49 9","pages":"1847-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}