International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Multiobjective Energy Management for a Smart Microgrid Incorporating Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Demand Response Programs Under Uncertainty","authors":"Rahman Hasani,&nbsp;Mohammad Mohammadi,&nbsp;Amin Samanfar","doi":"10.1155/er/9531493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9531493","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This paper presents an innovative 24-h scenario–based microgrid energy management system (MG-EMS) designed to achieve cost reduction and emission reduction under conditions of uncertainty. Furthermore, a multiobjective hybrid heuristic algorithm, named hybrid multiobjective particle swarm optimization and lightning search algorithm (hMOPSO-LSA), is introduced to tackle the MG-EMS problem. This algorithm combines the LSA and the MOPSO algorithm. The MG under investigation comprises photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) units, a combined heat and power (CHP) system, and employs multicarrier energy storage technology, specifically, power-to-gas (P2G) technology and an electric vehicle (EV) parking lot (PL). Flexible loads are incorporated into the MG to enhance cost and emission reduction through participation in the demand response program (DRP). The proposed MG-EMS model utilizes probability density functions (PDFs) for modeling uncertainties and employs the Roulette wheel (RW) method for scenario selection. The simulations, carried out in MATLAB, encompass two different sections. In the first part, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm were validated by solving the standard DTLZ benchmark functions and comparing the optimization results with those of several other optimization algorithms. In the second part, energy management in the MG was carried out using the proposed MG-EMS model, solved by the hMOPSO-LSA algorithm, both without flexible loads and with their inclusion. To provide a comprehensive evaluation, the problem was solved using the proposed hMOPSO-LSA algorithm and compared against three benchmark algorithms: multiobjective flower pollination algorithm (MOFPA), MOPSO, and multiobjective dragonfly algorithm (MODA). The optimization results demonstrate that hMOPSO-LSA achieves higher accuracy compared to other algorithms. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the participation of flexible loads in the DRP results in a 6.43% cost reduction and an 8.21% reduction in emissions. Additionally, P2G technology proves effective in cost and emission reduction, contributing 6.87% of the required gas supply within the MG.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9531493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Phase Change Energy Storage Materials: Developments and Applications","authors":"Md. Abdullah,&nbsp;Mohammad Obayedullah,&nbsp;Sawda Ahmed Musfika","doi":"10.1155/er/6668430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6668430","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Phase change energy storage (PCES) materials have attracted considerable interest because of their capacity to store and release thermal energy by undergoing phase changes. This paper offers a thorough examination of the latest developments in PCES materials (PCESMs) and their wide-ranging applications in several industries. The text focuses primarily on the most recent advances in the design and creation of PCESMs. It emphasizes the investigation of new phase change materials (PCMs) that possess specific features, such as high latent heat, thermal conductivity, and cycling stability. The study investigates advanced methods such as nano structuring, hybridization, and encapsulation to improve the efficiency and dependability of PCESMs. PCESMs are employed in the construction industry for passive solar heating, thermal regulation, and energy-efficient building designs. They facilitate effective thermal dissipation in electronics, hence, improving the efficiency and durability of electronic devices. Moreover, PCESMs are essential in enabling the incorporation of intermittent energy sources like solar and wind power into the grid, hence, supporting renewable energy storage. Furthermore, the research examines upcoming patterns and potential outcomes in the domain of PCESMs, including the progress of versatile PCES composites, integration with intelligent materials, and breakthroughs in thermal energy conversion technologies. These advancements have enormous promise to tackle worldwide energy concerns, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and promote sustainable development. Recent advancements in PCESMs have opened up opportunities for their extensive use in many industries, providing inventive solutions for effective energy storage, thermal regulation, and ecological sustainability. Ongoing research and technological breakthroughs in this field are anticipated to propel further advancements and facilitate the achievement of a more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6668430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and Exergy Evaluation of the Integrated Waste Energy Recovery System (IWERS) and the Solar-Powered Integrated Waste Energy Recovery System (SPIWERS) in Various Climates","authors":"Juan Carlos Ríos-Fernández","doi":"10.1155/er/4282464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4282464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The integrated waste energy recovery system (IWERS) is a thermal system that recovers waste heat from steam generated in bakery ovens to produce hot water. This reduces energy and water consumption in shopping centers. This article analyzes the technical improvement of incorporating renewable solar thermal energy into the system. It introduces the new solar-powered IWERS (SPIWERS) for the first time. The exergetic efficiency of IWERS and SPIWERS was measured over 1 year in real supermarkets located in different climatic zones to determine their performance variables. This paper presents precise data for future improvements in the energy efficiency of waste heat recovery systems, making it an innovative contribution to the field. The exergetic efficiency of IWERS was found to be lower in subtropical climates, but no significant variation was observed in other climates studied. Additionally, the exergetic efficiency of IWERS components decreases with ambient temperature, particularly in warm months. Regarding SPIWERS, the highest exergetic efficiency values were obtained in oceanic climates. IWERS employs electric boilers, whereas SPIWERS system utilizes solar collectors. Although IWERS exhibited superior overall exergy efficiency, particularly in cold climates, SPIWERS distinguished itself with a reduced environmental impact, wholly supplanting electric power with solar thermal energy and a swift economic return on investment within a period of less than 4 years, a duration that is half that of IWERS. A detailed examination of the individual components of each system will facilitate the identification of potential avenues for enhancement, ensuring the system’s capacity for adaptation to specific climatic conditions and seasonal variations. Thus, the exergy efficiency of the DWH tank in IWERS remains constant across all climatic zones and throughout the year. This exergy efficiency is approximately 65%. In contrast, a notable variation is observed in the case of SPIWERS, which is more pronounced in more favorable weather conditions. On the other hand, the exergy efficiency of electric water boilers is greater in colder climates and times of the year, with a range of 30%–40%. Additionally, the exergy efficiency of the solar collector is greater in months and areas with cool ambient temperatures, optimal solar radiation, and moderate fluid temperatures within the collector, with a range of 5%–11%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4282464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiphase and Multicomponent Model Considering Molecular Diffusion for Simulating Shale Oil Reservoirs With Complex Fracture Networks","authors":"Jie Liu,&nbsp;Zhengdong Lei,&nbsp;Xavier Raynaud,&nbsp;Kai Bao,&nbsp;Yi Han,&nbsp;Pengcheng Liu","doi":"10.1155/er/2938081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2938081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Molecular diffusion is a critical mechanism of enhance oil recovery (EOR) in developing shale oil reservoir by huff “n” puff. The ultra-low permeability lead to the accumulation of injected gas within the complex fracture networks (CFNs), thereby, enhancing concentration gradient and mass transfer by molecular diffusion between the CFNs and matrix. A proper understanding of CFNs influence on molecular diffusive mass transfer becomes critical for predicting oil recovery and remaining oil distribution in shale oil reservoirs. Therefore, a multiphase and multicomponent mathematical model with molecular diffusion was developed for describing mass transfer of molecular diffusion. Molecular diffusion coefficients were predicted by the extend Sigmund method. The finite volume method (FVM) and two-point flux approximation (TPFA) were applied to discretize and approximate mass transfer equations. The embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was utilized to explicitly simulate CFNs and extended to couple mass transfer by molecular diffusion in the fracture to that in the matrix. Model validation clearly demonstrates that the proposed numerical model is capable of effectively and accurately simulating diffusion mass transfer in shale oil reservoirs with CFNs. By applying the proposed numerical compositional model, a series of synthetical models with molecular diffusion were developed by CO₂ huff “n” puff. The simulation results indicated that molecular diffusion is crucial to EOR in developing shale oil reservoirs with CFNs by huff “n” puff, particularly in the injection and soaking stage. However, molecular diffusion contributes to an increased gas production during the production phase. In addition, larger fracture density benefits diffusive mass transfer to EOR by increasing contact areas. And higher diffusion coefficients improve diffusive mobility, which boosts diffusive mass transfer. Meanwhile, greater injection rate additionally makes concentration difference of injected component between fractures and matrix system to rise, resulting in more injected component transferring into matrix. This paper provides a better understanding of molecular diffusion mechanism for EOR in development shale oil reservoirs with CFNs by huff “n” puff.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2938081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling Nd Magnet Scraps to Synthesize Carbon-Swaddled Fe3O4 Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Battery","authors":"Yun-Ho Jin,&nbsp;Suk-Ho Hwang,&nbsp;Mushtaq Ahmad Dar,&nbsp;Dae-Weon Kim,&nbsp;Dong-Wan Kim","doi":"10.1155/er/3361478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3361478","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study explores the innovative recycling of neodymium (Nd) permanent magnet scrap to synthesize Fe₃O₄, a high-capacity anode material for secondary batteries, by leveraging the Fe oxalate solution produced during recycling. The traditional process of recovering Fe from permanent magnets in the form of oxides produces products with limited economic viability and usability. For the first time, we have successfully synthesized Fe₃O₄ as an anode material for lithium-ion (Li-ion) secondary batteries from scrap Nd magnets. We address the existing challenge by employing a novel approach: hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline FeC₂O₄·2H₂O from the Fe leachate, extracted via oxalic acid leaching from a mixed phase of NdF₃-Fe₂O₃ controlled during fluorination heat treatment while recycling. The recovered FeC₂O₄·2H₂O is subsequently phase-transferred to Fe₃O₄ under an Ar atmosphere. To overcome the inherent low conductivity and rate capability of Fe₃O₄, a carbon-coating process utilizing dopamine HCl is implemented. The developed C-Fe₃O₄ anode material exhibits a significant capacity retention of 428 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 1C, showcasing its potential for use in high-performance secondary batteries and contributing to the sustainable recycling of critical materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3361478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Entrained Bubbles Flow in the Shell-Tube Heat Exchanger of MSRs Based on Population Balance Model","authors":"Ziye Wang,&nbsp;Guifeng Zhu,&nbsp;Yang Zou,&nbsp;Xiaolin Liang,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Hongjie Xu","doi":"10.1155/er/6907471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6907471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In molten salt reactors (MSRs), a small amount of inert gas could be entrained from the free liquid surface to the primary loop, which may have obvious impacts on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, the reactivity of the core, and the migration of insoluble fission products. It is necessary to understand how the bubbles flow into the reactor core, and what kinds of size distribution should they be. Meanwhile, the heat exchanger is an important and complicated place before the gas enters the core, in which the bubbles may exhibit complex behavior, such as coalescence, breakup, or retention. This research employs a coupling method between the Eulerian two-phase flow model (ETFM) and the population balance model (PBM) to simulate the two-phase flow of bubbles entrained in molten salt on the shell side of a vertical U-tube heat exchanger. The gas fraction and poly-dispersed bubble size distribution are analyzed under different calculation methods and input conditions. The results show that the distribution of gas volume fraction and bubble size are significantly influenced by the characteristics of the flow field, and the salt flow can also be affected by the bubble distribution. The bubbles exhibit obvious non-uniformity distribution, especially in the center of the separation and the backflow vortexes, and a significant accumulation of gas attachment occurs behind the baffles. The interfacial area concentration and surface heat transfer coefficient are also discussed with or without the bubble distribution. All indicate that a precise bubble spatial and size distribution is necessary when in the simulation of multiphase flow in MSRs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6907471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Gamma-Ray Irradiation of Amorphous SnO2 Electron Selective Layers on the Properties of Ambient-Air Synthesized Planar Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Beomjun Park,&nbsp;Kyungeun Jung,&nbsp;Juyoung Ko,&nbsp;Hye Min Park,&nbsp;Jae Won Choi,&nbsp;Ki Chul Kim,&nbsp;Man-Jong Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/8420541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8420541","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The effect of low-dose gamma-ray irradiation on an amorphous SnO₂ electron-selective layer (ESL) was investigated in this study. Further, its impact on the photovoltaic (PV) performance of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on MAPbI₃ and CsFAMAPbIBr absorber layers has been evaluated for the first time. The properties of the SnO₂ layer were substantially modified by the gamma-ray irradiation of regulatory exemption radioactive sources (Co-60). Gamma-ray irradiation promoted the formation of large perovskite grains by creating a hydrophilic surface via the generation of ─OH on the amorphous SnO₂ film surface. In addition, gamma-ray irradiation increased the conductivity of the SnO₂ layer due to the generation of the proper oxygen vacancies in SnO₂. From the optimization of gamma-ray irradiation parameters, we achieved a best efficiency of 18.03% using the MAPbI₃ perovskite film owing to the enhanced perovskite densification and increased SnO₂ conductivity. This efficiency was significantly improved compared to that (16.03%) of a pristine device. In addition, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% was achieved using the CsFAMAPbIBr mixed perovskite film and the gamma-ray irradiated SnO₂. The results suggest that systematic low-dose gamma irradiation treatment of ESLs has a synergistic effect of controlling surface properties, enhancing perovskite crystal growth, and controlling oxygen vacancies, and is relatively simple and has high potential as a surface treatment process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8420541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Passive Cooling Technologies and Their Multidisciplinary Applications: An Integrative Review","authors":"Xhamla Nqoro,&nbsp;Raymond Taziwa,&nbsp;Thabo Hasheni,&nbsp;Solomon Giwa","doi":"10.1155/er/3489021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3489021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The persistent rise in temperature driven by the emission of greenhouse gases presents a pressing contemporary challenge, fostering innovative cooling techniques. Currently, passive cooling technologies have gained attention in various research fields for their effectiveness in combating heat accumulation. Compared to traditional active cooling methods, which rely on electricity or other energy sources, passive cooling significantly reduces energy consumption and electricity demand. These technologies have demonstrated the potential for temperature reductions of ~1°C–24°C, translating to substantial electricity savings of about 2–300 kWh/year. This paper uses an integrative review approach to highlight the fundamental principles and design strategies underlying passive cooling technologies, such as phase change materials, radiative cooling, and evaporative cooling. Special emphasis is placed on their potential implementation, from preserving biological materials to cooling buildings, electronics, and personal clothing. Passive cooling methods offer cost savings over time due to lower maintenance and operational costs and potentially simpler designs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3489021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Energy Generation of Photovoltaics With Acceptable Risk at Korean Airports","authors":"Chungil Kim,&nbsp;Subin Lee,&nbsp;Hangil Lee,&nbsp;Hyung-Jun Song","doi":"10.1155/er/7288954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/7288954","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The aviation industry is adopting renewable energy sources to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of the strong candidates to meet the energy demand of airports with a sustainable way is photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper systematically assesses the potential risk and energy generation capabilities of installing PV at nine Korean airports. It was found that the risk of PV, particularly concerns about glare and severity of collision accident, is lower than other renewable energy sources. These remaining safety issues of PVs can be mitigated to acceptable levels by maintaining a safe distance from aircraft routes (105 m) and rotating them to face opposite possible routes. The safety management of airport PV ensures to utilize glare-free solar energy harvesting systems throughout the year. Under this safe scenario, the estimated energy generation would be 1.78 ± 0.17 times higher than the energy demand of the airports. Notably, the surplus energy generation by PVs located at smaller airports can offset energy demand of larger international airports. The estimated levelized cost of energy for PVs with acceptable risk is 64.7 ± 0.1 $/MWh, lower than the cost of energy supplied by an external source (103.4 ± 32.7 $/MWh). These findings suggest that PV installations with acceptable risk can significantly contribute to the energy self-sufficiency and sustainability of airports in South Korea.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/7288954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Different Turbulence Models on Melt Pool Natural Convection Simulations With Internal Heat Source","authors":"Pengya Guo,&nbsp;Peng Yu,&nbsp;Fengyang Quan,&nbsp;Yidan Yuan,&nbsp;Jiyang Yu,&nbsp;Weimin Ma","doi":"10.1155/er/5995562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5995562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In the context of severe nuclear accidents, the migration of corium into the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) poses significant hazards, prompting the proposal of the in-vessel melt retention (IVR) strategy, particularly the external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) approach. Evaluating the accuracy of turbulence models within the melt pool is crucial for assessing the feasibility of IVR. However, previous studies have yet to reach a consensus about the most suitable model due to the lack of data comparison. We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of turbulence models to evaluate their performance across a range of Rayleigh numbers, particularly under conditions relevant to IVR scenarios. Therefore, this study employs six commonly used turbulence models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, ANSYS Fluent, to simulate three natural convection experiments (Kulacki–Goldstein, BALI, and LIVE-3D). The results demonstrate that the choice of turbulence model significantly impacts the accuracy of temperature and heat flux predictions within the melt pool. Although the relative temperature deviation is less than 0.1% in all the simulations of the Kulacki–Goldstein experiment, the differences among turbulence models become increasingly pronounced with rising Rayleigh numbers. Among the models tested, wall-modeled large eddy simulation (WMLES) proved the most reliable for complex geometries and high Rayleigh numbers, while the realizable k-epsilon and generalized k-omega (GEKO) models also showed consistent performance. However, the Reynolds stress model (RSM)–baseline (BSL) and detached eddy simulation (DES) models exhibited notable limitations, particularly in scenarios involving solidification and melting. These findings provide valuable guidance for selecting appropriate turbulence models in IVR-related natural convection simulations and highlight the need for further refinement to improve model accuracy across varying melt pool conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5995562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}