International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"The Computational Modeling of Grid-Connected Double-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (DCMFC) Bioenergy Utilizing MATLAB Simulink Software","authors":"Khaya Pearlman Shabangu,&nbsp;Nhlanhla Mthembu,&nbsp;Manimagalay Chetty,&nbsp;Babatunde Femi Bakare","doi":"10.1155/er/5398834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5398834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Owing to the depletion of fossil fuels, rising energy costs, and environmental pollution, there has been a growing focus on exploring and exploiting renewable energy sources. This study aims to demonstrate the modeling of a grid-connected double-chamber microbial fuel cell (DCMFC) biomass energy system via MATLAB Simulink software. The experimental measurements obtained from DCMFC outputs served as the basis for developing the inverter-grid connection model and simulation output in MATLAB Simulink software. Briefly, the DCMFC DC boost voltage was connected to the positive and negative buses of the three-phase DC‒AC inverter circuit, with switching patterns controlled by gate pulses in each transistor. Full square wave single-stage PWM pulses are generated by the gate for control. The power generated by the inverter was measured via a three-phase VI block for analysis, with voltages and currents displayed via a scope. To address potential noise during switching, an LC filter is employed to suppress noise output and stabilize power generation. Another power meter measures power from the grid, with waveforms displayed via scope blocks. Before synchronization between power from the DCMFC and the grid occurs, four requirements must be met: the grid voltage must match the inverter output voltage, the inverter frequency must match the grid frequency, the phase sequence must be the same, and the phase angle of the inverter must match that of the grid. Additionally, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-specific requirements were evaluated during the simulation for this study. In addition, this study critically examined whether the DCMFC inverter model conforms to conventional requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, and IEEE standards for the integration of inverters into the grid. Compared with previous studies on inverter modeling for grid connections, past studies have emphasized the efficacy of biomass power plants and different inverter topologies for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The current study focuses on optimizing a multilevel inverter-based model, achieving low total harmonic distortion (THD) below IEEE standards. In this study, the use of a multilevel inverter configuration proved highly effective in reducing the harmonic content, leading to synchronized phase sequences and enhanced coherence between the grid and inverter voltages. With a THD of 4.75% at 50 Hz, supported by a harmonic distortion value of 422.5, the chosen configuration significantly minimized the harmonic distortion. This success underpins the system’s reliability and efficiency, offering promising implications for practical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5398834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Optimization of the Upper Particle Size Limit of Gangue in Slurry Backfill Based on Interference Settlement","authors":"Wenyu Lv,&nbsp;Tianqi Song,&nbsp;Yongping Wu,&nbsp;Wenzhe Gu,&nbsp;Fengqi Qiu,&nbsp;Panshi Xie,&nbsp;Hao Pan,&nbsp;Chao Lyu,&nbsp;Kai Guo,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhou","doi":"10.1155/er/2471487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2471487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>With the increasing demand for gangue disposal in China, gangue slurry filling technology, as a necessary technical means for harmless disposal of gangue under low interference conditions, has been widely promoted in Western China, Mongolia, and Shaanxi regions. In order to optimize the upper limit particle size of gangue slurry under interference settlement conditions to ensure the safety of pipeline transportation, the article systematically carried out the gangue slurry characteristics and static settlement test, studied the interference settlement conditions of gangue slurry in the suspension of coarse particles characteristics, and analysis of the gangue particles obtained by the settling speed of engineering verification. The results show that gangue slurry has coarser particles, complex components, and high solid content characteristics, and its static settlement characteristics cannot truly restore the flow state in the pipeline. The particle settling velocity is affected by the concentration of slurry, rheological parameters, gangue particle size, and gangue fine particles of the density of the suspension medium through the mechanical derivation method to obtain the gangue particle settling velocity calculation formula. Moreover, take indoor large-scale tests and field applications for double verification, the upper limit of particle size of 3.00 mm under the condition of the maximum sinking speed of 1.092 × 10⁻⁶ m/s can realize the start with the material did not happen to plug the pipe accident, the field test of the neighboring grouting filling effect is good.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2471487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel AC–AC Converter Design for High-Efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems","authors":"Lilia Tightiz,&nbsp;Wedad Khamis Al-Shibli","doi":"10.1155/er/8866716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8866716","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Electric vehicle (EV) batteries may now be conveniently charged with wireless chargers. These systems are prized for their dependability and security in a range of weather scenarios. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of EV wireless charging systems: static (for parked cars) and dynamic (for moving cars). Traditionally, EV chargers have parts like a high-frequency direct current (DC)–alternating current (AC) converter that usually requires intricate cabling and an AC–DC converter that aids in power quality management. In these systems, a process called as “transformation” occurs when energy moves from a main component—the power source—to a secondary component—the vehicle’s receiver. Eliminating physical connections, such wires and charging outlets on the car, improves convenience and lessens wear and tear on the charger. This is another advantage of wireless chargers over plug-in varieties. In this study, we investigate a novel design that substitutes a single integrated AC–AC converter on the input side for the conventional AC–DC and DC–AC converters. This creative solution lowers the demand on power switches while raising voltage levels, which not only makes the system simpler but also more efficient. To further reduce the voltage stress on these switches, we additionally employ a multilevel diode clamp inverter, which not only helps to reduce the size of the switches but also greatly increases the efficiency of the system. To validate the performance of this new converter, we provide data from the laboratory as well as simulation results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8866716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Investigation of a Cabin Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles Based on R290 Refrigerant","authors":"Jiahao Zhao,&nbsp;Zihao Luo,&nbsp;Yifei Zhang,&nbsp;Abubakar Unguwanrimi Yakubu,&nbsp;Xuanhong Ye,&nbsp;Qi Jiang,&nbsp;Shusheng Xiong,&nbsp;Chenbo Xia","doi":"10.1155/er/9270883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9270883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Electric vehicle (EV) thermal management systems (TMSs) face a critical challenge in adopting environmentally friendly refrigerants, essential for adaptability, thermal safety, driving range optimization, and passenger comfort across wide temperature ranges. This study investigates the use of R290, a low-cost and environmentally friendly refrigerant, in a secondary-loop-based TMS. A system test bench was established to validate the system performance experimentally, and a comparison was made with the system using R134a. The experimental results show that the R290 charge amount is approximately 50% of that of R134a. Under low-temperature heating condition (0°C), R290 demonstrates significant performance advantages, with heating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) increasing by up to 67.6% and 36%, respectively, compared to R134a. At extremely low temperatures (−20°C), R290 achieves a COP of 1.24, further showcasing its superior heating performance. Under high-temperature cooling conditions (35 and 43°C), R290 exhibits slightly lower cooling capacity compared to R134a; however, its performance remains sufficient to meet the operational requirements of a TMS. In summary, the proposed TMS using R290 as the refrigerant demonstrates excellent performance and promising potential for application in EVs across a wide range of operating conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9270883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Excess Air Ratio Through Deep Neural Network–Based Multidimensional Analysis of OH∗ Radical Intensity and Fuel Pressure in Flame","authors":"Byeongchan So,&nbsp;Minjun Kwon,&nbsp;Jongwon Kim,&nbsp;Sewon Kim,&nbsp;Hongyun So","doi":"10.1155/er/9934909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9934909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study proposes a deep neural network (DNN)–based regression model for predicting the excess air ratio, which is a critical indicator for optimizing combustion efficiency and minimizing harmful emissions in industrial combustion systems. The chemiluminescence signals of the OH^∗ radicals and fuel pressure were used as the input features for the prediction model. To evaluate the effect of the multidimensional input, Case 1, with only the OH^∗ radical signal as a single input, was compared with Case 2, with the OH^∗ radical signal and fuel pressure as the inputs. The results showed that the Case 2 model reduced the mean absolute error (MAE), mean relative error (MRE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) by approximately 40.71%, 41.85%, and 19.69%, respectively, compared to Case 1, and the average relative prediction error rate was also 2.25% lower. These results demonstrate the potential for improving the accuracy and generalization ability of the model by incorporating multidimensional input features. Therefore, DNN models using multidimensional inputs can contribute to the design and implementation of combustion control systems to optimize the combustion efficiency and reduce harmful emissions in industrial combustion systems by predicting the excess air ratio.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9934909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Robust Control Method for Reliability Improvement of Cascade H-Bridge STATCOM Under DC-Link Capacitance Uncertainty","authors":"Maede Azimi,&nbsp;Mehdi Asadi","doi":"10.1155/er/4812003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4812003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This paper proposes a robust DC-link voltage controller designed for a multilevel-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), addressing both DC-link capacitance degradation and load variations. The uncertainty in DC-link capacitance is modeled as an external perturbation, leading to the development of a second-order sliding mode controller (SOSMC) based on a twisting algorithm. This controller effectively manages these uncertainties, providing high stability and robustness against parameter variations and external disturbances. Furthermore, it reduces unwanted chattering and enhances overall system performance. The impact of DC-link capacitance uncertainty on the reliability of multilevel converters is analyzed, comparing the proposed SOSMC with traditional proportional–integral (PI) controllers in the Simulink MATLAB environment. The results demonstrate that the SOSMC method outperforms the PI controller under 33% uncertainty in DC-link capacitance over 5 years. The proposed control scheme not only meets reactive power demands but also effectively manages uncertainties in DC-link capacitors. Additionally, the twisting algorithm maintains an acceptable total harmonic distortion (THD) index on the AC side, thereby improving overall reliability while reducing maintenance costs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4812003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimal Fast Frequency Control Method for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Based on Doubly Fed Induction Generators Through Simultaneous Control of Frequency and Maximum Torque","authors":"Seyed Abdul Rahman Ahmadnejad,&nbsp;Ramtin Sadeghi,&nbsp;Bahador Fani","doi":"10.1155/er/3354538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3354538","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The need to mitigate environmental pollution and conserve the environment has led to the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources (RESs) and wind farms (WFs) in power systems. Thus, the involvement of WFs in frequency control and raising the frequency nadir (FN) under transient conditions of the system will be highly significant and indispensable. This research presents a proposal to enhance the system frequency by utilizing WFs and restoring the speed of the wind turbine (WT) rotor using the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) while avoiding frequency second dip (FSD). In this design, once the disturbance and decrease in the system frequency are identified, the new power reference is incorporated into the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) characteristic as a function of two parameters, the changes in system frequency and the speed of the WT rotor, taking into account the torque limit. During frequency support, the frequency change parameter increases, while the rotor speed parameter decreases. This results in a smaller decline rate of the reference power, so that the electrical power goes below the mechanical power with a smooth gradient, not a step-wise manner. As a result, the rotor speed is restored fast without FSD. Another benefit is that the MPPT characteristic qualities are maintained during the frequency support, as the new reference value is incorporated into the MPPT characteristic. The MATLAB simulation results of the test system demonstrate that the proposed design successfully enhances the system’s frequency without inducing a FSD. Additionally, it effectively and rapidly restores the rotor speed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3354538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Temporal Fusion Transformers","authors":"Abdulaziz Alorf,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan","doi":"10.1155/er/3534500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3534500","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Global climate change has intensified the search for renewable energy sources. Solar power is a cost-effective option for electricity generation. Accurate energy forecasting is crucial for efficient planning. While various techniques have been introduced for energy forecasting, transformer-based models are effective for capturing long-range dependencies in data. This study proposes <i>N</i> hours-ahead solar irradiance forecasting framework based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) for handling meteorological data and a modified temporal fusion transformer (TFT) for forecasting solar irradiance. The proposed model decomposes raw solar irradiance sequences into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using VMD and optimizes the TFT using a variable screening network and a gated recurrent unit (GRU)-based encoder–decoder. Our study specifically targets the 1-h as well as different forecasting horizons for solar irradiance. The resulting deep learning model offers insights, including the prioritization of solar irradiance subsequences and an analysis of various forecasting window sizes. An empirical study shows that our proposed method has achieved high performance compared to other time series models, such as artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM), CNN–LSTM, CNN–LSTM with temporal attention (CNN–LSTM-t), transformer, and the original TFT model.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3534500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Micro-Thermophotovoltaic Combustor of Hydrogen–Air to Enable Ultra-Lean Combustion, High Thermal Output and NO Low Emissions","authors":"Zakaria Mansouri,&nbsp;Lina Chouichi,&nbsp;Salaheddine Azzouz,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Settar","doi":"10.1155/er/4352411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4352411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study presents a novel micro-combustor (MC) design called micro-trapped vortex combustor (MTVC) for micro-thermophotovoltaic (MTPV) devices used in small-scale electricity generation. Traditional MC designs struggle to operate efficiently under ultra-lean regimes due to flame quenching, limiting their performance. The proposed MTVC incorporates the trapped vortex concept, inspired by aeronautical applications, to improve thermal performance and stability under ultra-lean conditions. Numerical simulations, using the Navier–Stokes and energy equations for laminar and reactive flow, are conducted to compare the MTVC with conventional micro-backward-step combustors (MBSCs) under hydrogen (H₂)–air mixture combustion. The study focuses on key performance parameters such as temperature distribution, heat recirculation, flame shape, flow topology, radiative power and emissions. The results show that the MTVC can operate at an ultra-lean equivalence ratio of <i>Φ</i> = 0.5, while the MBSC experiences flame quenching below <i>Φ</i> = 0.7. The MTVC design achieves up to 26.51% higher radiative power and a 36% improvement in energy conversion efficiency compared to traditional combustor designs. Additionally, the MTVC produces 43% less nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, demonstrating its potential for both higher efficiency and reduced environmental impact in portable power applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4352411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Hydrides for Sustainable Hydrogen Storage: A Review","authors":"E. Nemukula,&nbsp;C. B. Mtshali,&nbsp;F. Nemangwele","doi":"10.1155/er/6300225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6300225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Storing hydrogen in metals has received much attention due to the advantages of this approach for safely storing. It is a promising method of storing hydrogen and eliminates the challenges associated with storing hydrogen gas at high pressure, which includes material durability, tank safety, and overall weight. Much work has been done for the past decade to bring this approach closer to wide-scale application. However, much experimental research is needed to improve the volumetric and gravimetric capacity, hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics, material life cycle, and reaction thermodynamics of potential materials for hydrogen storage. Other important properties to consider are transient performance, the regeneration process of spent storage materials, effective adsorption temperature associated with activation energy, induced pore sizes in materials, increasing pore volume and surface area, and materials densification. In recent years, this solid-state storage has progressed at conditions close to normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, with metal hydrides (MHs) emerging as a promising option. Their high storage density per unit volume, volume storage capabilities, and their ability to reverse the process while maintaining stability have qualified the MHs for low-pressure storage and fulfilling the hydrogen storing requirements. However, understanding the principles of kinetics and thermodynamics is crucial for understanding the reactions of MHs as they absorb and release hydrogen. This review evaluates the current hydrogen storage methods, the different types of MHs, their thermodynamics and kinetics, as well as their applications and challenges. For the advancement of further research in this field of study, suggestions for future work and studies are also provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6300225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}