International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen–Oxygen–Nitrogen, Forming Gas–Oxygen–Forming Gas, and Argon–Oxygen–Argon Annealing Ambient on the Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Thulium Oxide Passivation Layers on Silicon Substrate","authors":"Junchen Deng,&nbsp;Hock Jin Quah","doi":"10.1155/er/5517224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5517224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A comprehensive probe was conducted to compare the impact of postdeposition annealing at 700°C in different ambient of nitrogen–oxygen–nitrogen (NON), forming gas–oxygen–forming gas (FGOFG), and argon–oxygen–argon (ArOAr) on the passivating characteristics of thulium oxide (Tm₂O₃) on the silicon (Si) substrate. The nitrogen ions have been incorporated in Tm₂O₃ passivation layers after annealing in NON and FGOFG ambient, of which NON ambient has impeded the growth of silicon oxide (SiO₂) interfacial layer (3.258 nm). Although a thicker SiO₂ interfacial layer (4.026 nm) was formed after annealing in FGOFG ambient, the attainment of the highest <i>k</i> value (16.8) indicated that the existence of hydrogen ions has assisted the improvement in the overall <i>k</i> value of Tm₂O₃ passivation layers. Furthermore, the capacitance–voltage characteristic revealed that the FGOFG ambient was effective in reducing the effective oxide charge (1.32 × 10¹² cm⁻²), while NON ambient was effective in passivating the slow trap density (STD) (3.20 × 10¹¹ cm⁻²). The Terman, Hill–Coleman, and high–low frequency methods have demonstrated the acquisition of the best interface quality during annealing in FGOFG ambient. As a result, the FGOFG annealing process has led to the maximum breakdown electric field of 4.03 MV/cm and the minimum leakage current density for the Tm₂O₃ passivation layer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5517224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Simulation Study of High-Efficiency Heat Storage Materials for Aerospace Applications","authors":"Hui Geng,&nbsp;Peng Rao","doi":"10.1155/er/5568501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5568501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>To meet the stringent requirements of high heat transfer performance and lightweight nature for aerospace heat storage equipment (HSE), this paper incorporates fins into the phase change material (PCM) and conducts an optimization design through experiment and simulation. Utilizing n-eicosane for heat storage and aluminum alloy 6061 as the fin material, the objective is to devise an HSE for high-power heating elements, ensuring that the hot end temperature remains below 50°C and the weight is within 3.5 kg during the operational period. Heat sources of 50 and 100 W are, respectively, employed for experimental testing. The experiments reveal that when the heating power is 100 W, the temperature in the heat concentration region ascends to 43.2°C after a heating duration of 1900 s; in the scenario where the heating power is 50 W, the maximum temperature reaches 38.0°C after 3800 s of heating. The discrepancy between the simulation results and the experimental outcome is within 5%, thereby attesting to the relatively high accuracy of the simulation. Simulations were carried out with the thickness and number of fins as variables to analyze the heat transfer performance and weight of the HSE. The results show that within the research range, as the fin thickness increases, the overall heat transfer effect is enhanced. When the fin thickness increases at equal intervals between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, except for 3.0 mm, the hot end temperature of the HSE gradually decreases, and the weight also increases with the increase of the fin thickness. With the increase in the number of fins, the hot end temperature decreases, and the decrease in the hot end temperature is particularly significant at 13 fins. Considering the comprehensive influence of heat transfer performance, hot end temperature, and weight in this HSE, the structure with a fin thickness of 2.0 mm and 13 fins is the best. The volume ratio of the PCM in the HSE is between 0.55 and 0.60. According to the optimization results, an HSE with a total weight of 3.33 kg is processed. After using the optimized HSE with a heating power of 50 W continuously applied for 10,000 s, the hot end temperature is 42.17°C, which is 6.9°C lower than that of the HSE without fins, and the melting rate is increased by 46%. After a heating power of 100 W is continuously applied for 4000 s, the hot end temperature is 48.16°C, which is 13.2°C lower than that of the HSE without fins, and the melting rate is increased by 71%. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the HSE has been analyzed, and the change law of the heat transfer performance during the melting process of the PCM was found. This study will provide guiding ideas and reference significance for the research and development of enhancing heat transfer and lightweight of high-power HSE in aerospace.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5568501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation on Characteristics of Spray Combustion Under GCI Engine Conditions Using Gasoline–Biodiesel Blends","authors":"Nguyen Ho Xuan Duy,&nbsp;Tran Quang Khai,&nbsp;Ock Taeck Lim","doi":"10.1155/er/5560980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5560980","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In this study, mixtures of high-octane gasoline–biodiesel (GB) rating from 0% to 20%, denoted as GB00-GB10-GB20, were chosen to be experimented under simulated gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine inside a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) before making comparisons about spray and combustion characteristics. While typical data of the nonvaporization spray characteristics: spray penetration length, spray cone angle, and spray evolution were collected by varying 40–90 MPa of injection pressure at 15 kg/m³ ambient gas density, data representing combustion characteristics, namely the ignition delay, flame development, and heat release rate (HRR) were illustrated under 90 MPa injection pressure, same ambient gas density, and temperature variation of 900–1000 K. Although the fuel mixture spray development trends followed a similar pattern, GB10 and GB20 had an averagely 6.25%–7.7% faster impingement velocity than that of GB00 except for the lowest considered injection pressure. Additionally, the ignition delay reductions were recognized for both GB10 and GB20, with the duration dropping from 1.09 to 1.06 ms and 0.96 to 0.79 ms, respectively. The results for spray and combustion characteristics under GCI engine condition-like showed a close relationship, offering valuable insights for simulation, spray, combustion, and ANN modeling, thereby supporting the development and application of GCI engines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5560980","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics Analysis of Natural Circulation-Driven Operation of Passive Molten Salt Fast Reactor and Effect of Guide Structure","authors":"Juhyeong Lee,&nbsp;Min Seop Song,&nbsp;Seungug Jae,&nbsp;Won Sik Yang,&nbsp;Sung Joong Kim","doi":"10.1155/er/6052359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6052359","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A new molten salt reactor (MSR) design has been developed aiming for long-term operation and high safety. In order to enhance the integrity and economy of the system during the long-term operation, pumps were removed from the primary system, and the fuel salt flow was developed by natural circulation. In terms of thermal–fluidic, the natural circulation operation without a pump increases the reactor safety and resistance to accidents. The normal operation feasibility of the reactor was evaluated with the multiphysics analysis conducted with the Generalized Nuclear Foam (GeN-Foam) code. It was shown that the reactor can maintain stable power under a fixed heat exchanger outlet temperature condition. To increase the natural circulation, the active core region was designed to have a simple cylindrical shape, which induced a stagnation zone with slow velocity near the side wall. Due to the slow velocity, the stagnation zone has a substantially high temperature, and a flow guide was introduced to mitigate the stagnation effect. The impact of the flow guide was evaluated, including the reactivity feedback and delayed neutron precursor drift effect. The results highlight the importance of analyzing the flow distribution within the core in an MSR and demonstrate the effectiveness of the guide structure in ensuring stable core flow.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6052359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Passive Water and Thermal Management of Air-Breathing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell","authors":"Siqi Huang,&nbsp;Yinghua Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang,&nbsp;Jingwu Shi,&nbsp;Shouwen Yao","doi":"10.1155/er/5554089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5554089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cells (AB-PEMFCs) utilize ambient air for oxygen and cooling, making them suitable for small-scale applications. However, the absence of auxiliary systems presents considerable challenges in water and thermal management, which are crucial for ensuring optimal performance and durability. Poor management can lead to issues like membrane dehydration or cathode flooding. This deficiency subsequently impacts the affordability and longevity of AB-PEMFCs, both of which are critical considerations in the commercialization process. This review highlights the importance of water-thermal transport processes in enhancing efficiency and durability. While much research has focused on airflow’s role in thermal regulation, internal factors such as current density have received less attention. It is recommended to prioritize the coupling of water and thermal management in future studies, employing strategies like AI-driven optimization to accelerate the commercialization of AB-PEMFCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5554089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Batch Optimization of Various Variables for Wastewater Treatment and Bioelectricity Generation Using Dual Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"Zarar Ahmed,&nbsp;Tehmoor Ellahi,&nbsp;Alin Ciobica,&nbsp;Gabriela Calin,&nbsp;Vasile Burlui,&nbsp;Hajira Haroon","doi":"10.1155/er/4843392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4843392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Energy crisis and wastewater treatment are critical global issues. In this study, a novel separator was made by boiling cotton rope with solutions of various salts and their concentrations. It was then employed in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) to treat municipal wastewater collected from 25 Area Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. Batch scale experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of various variables, that is, different salts (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl₂) and their concentrations (0.2, 0.5, and 1 M) used in separator, wastewater volume (50, 500, and 1000 mL), and aluminum mesh thickness (0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm) on MFC performance in terms of current generation and wastewater treatment for 7 days. Analysis of collected wastewater showed that among the six studied physicochemical parameters, only two, that is, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were above the permissible limits of National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Results after MFC experiments showed that separator containing 0.5 M NaCl produced a significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) high current of 68.16 µA as compared to the other studied salts and their concentrations, whereas COD and BOD were reduced up to 124.15 and 62.12 mg L⁻¹, respectively. A wastewater volume of 1000 mL generated a significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) high current of 83.41 µA compared to the other studied volumes, where COD and BOD residual values were 123.25 and 59.56 mg L⁻¹, respectively. An aluminum mesh thickness of 1 mm produced a significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) high current of 103 µA, while 120.89 and 68.93 mg L⁻¹ were achieved COD and BOD values, respectively. It was concluded that MFC performance was enhanced with an increase in wastewater volume and mesh thickness. Therefore, it is recommended that further pilot-scale continuous studies be carried out to implement this research on a larger scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4843392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Fuzzy Logic Control and Neural Networks Based on Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Improve Power Quality in Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Turbine System","authors":"Karim Fathi Sayeh,&nbsp;Salah Tamalouzt,&nbsp;Djamel Ziane,&nbsp;Abdellah Bekhiti,&nbsp;Youcef Belkhier","doi":"10.1155/er/5985904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5985904","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This article presents novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques for controlling wind energy conversion systems, specifically fuzzy logic control and neural networks, known as fuzzy hysteresis-direct power control (FH-DPC) and neural hysteresis-DPC (NH-DPC), respectively. The primary purpose is to overcome conventional DPC (C-DPC) limitations in doubly fed induction generator wind turbines (WT-DFIG), focusing on power quality improvement and enhanced system efficiency. The techniques aim to reduce power ripples and improve the quality of alternating current (AC) grid energy by improving current signal quality in all WTs’ operation modes with WT-DFIG and all compensation power modes. The suggested techniques are thoroughly examined using the MATLAB/Simulink environment under various wind scenarios, demonstrating a reduction in active power ripples by over 70%, a reduction in reactive power ripples of around 77% on average, a decrease in generated current total harmonic distortions (THDs) by over 70% compared to C-DPC. The performances of FH-DPC and NH-DPC are contrasted with C-DPC and other previously suggested methods, and it is concluded that the proposed control approaches perform more effectively than them regarding ripples in local reactive compensation and generated active powers as well as THD currents, with FH-DPC slightly outperforming NH-DPC. The research indicates that AI can enhance the effectiveness and quality of power generated by wind-power systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5985904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Revenue Forecast Scheme for Analog Ensemble Method Applied Solar PV Forecasting in South Korea","authors":"F. E. del Pozo Jr.,&nbsp;C. K. Kim,&nbsp;H. G. Kim,&nbsp;C. Y. Yun","doi":"10.1155/er/5529459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5529459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Power companies have found that solar irradiance forecasting is a reliable method for anticipating and preparing for the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, when the percentage of RESs in the energy mix rises, there is a negative correlation between forecasting accuracy and process error, which could impact not only the grid but also the whole RES’s economic sustainability. In order to tackle this problem, this paper examines the economic implications of employing the Analog Ensemble (AnEn) forecasting model within Korea’s solar energy sector. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) model and the revenue prediction model are applied to assess the efficacy of the AnEn. The proposed revenue scheme scheme was initiated on a 1 MW photovoltaic (PV) ground-type power plant deployed in the mainland of South Korea. Various methods have been examined to assess the financial benefit of utilizing the AnEn, such as forecast verification and LCOE and revenue forecast scheme. Key findings reveal that the AnEn model consistently outperforms traditional models in terms of accuracy, particularly during critical solar peak months. This improved accuracy translates into more reliable predictions of solar irradiance, essential for minimizing overestimations and supporting realistic financial planning. Furthermore, the paper explores the economic incentives implemented by the Korean government to encourage precision in energy forecasting, including a structured incentive scheme tied to forecast accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5529459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technoeconomic Feasibility of Renewable Energy Systems for Sporting Stadiums","authors":"Latif Bukari Rashid,&nbsp;Adamu Musah,&nbsp;Richmond Kwesi Amoah","doi":"10.1155/er/9701161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9701161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The 2024 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) in Côte d’Ivoire highlighted the substantial energy demands of major sporting events, traditionally met by conventional, and nonrenewable sources. This study investigates the technoeconomic feasibility and environmental benefits of integrating solar and wind energy systems into the six stadiums used for the 2024 AFCON to enhance sustainability, long-term economic benefits, and reduced carbon emissions. Utilizing the hybrid optimization of multiple electric renewables (HOMER) software for simulation and optimization, and the engineering equation solver for mathematical modeling, this study assesses the energy demand and potential renewable energy contributions for stadiums in Abidjan, Yamoussoukro, Bouaké, Korhogo, and San Pedro. The findings reveal that grid purchases dominate the energy mix across all cities, with varying contributions from solar and wind energy. Abidjan achieves 20.1% renewable energy penetration, while San Pedro reaches 69.9%. The proposed hybrid renewable energy systems offer substantial economic benefits, including payback periods of less than 2 years and high internal rates of return (IRR), with surplus energy generated in some locations potentially sold back to the grid. Additionally, the environmental impact assessment indicates an estimated annual CO₂ reduction of 6518.25 metric tonnes cumulatively, equivalent to planting ~2.17 million trees over 20 years. This study provides a detailed technoeconomic analysis, demonstrating the viability of hybrid wind–solar systems in large sports venues and contributing valuable insights for future implementations of renewable energy technologies in the sports infrastructure sector.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9701161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SoC–Based Inverter Control Strategy for Grid-Connected Battery Energy Storage in AC Microgrid","authors":"Afaf Allabadi,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abuishmais,&nbsp;Qusay Salem,&nbsp;Rafat Aljarrah,&nbsp;Ayman Al-Quraan","doi":"10.1155/er/2872994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2872994","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The successful integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) is crucial for enhancing the resilience and performance of microgrids (MGs) and power systems. This study introduces a control strategy designed to optimize the operation of BESSs. This control strategy optimizes the BESS operation by dynamically adjusting the inverter’s power reference, thereby, extending the battery cycle life. This approach incorporates a droop control mechanism that adjusts control actions in response to state-of-charge (SoC) fluctuations of the BESSs, thereby, enhancing system performance. The effectiveness of this SoC–based control strategy is demonstrated through Matlab/Simulink. It shows its capabilities in regulating power, voltage, grid synchronization, and stability. The paper utilizes a modified CIGRE MG benchmark for system evaluation. It presents case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control modifications. Additionally, a comparative analysis with a power–voltage (P–V) control strategy is presented. This analysis highlights the advantages of the proposed strategy in ensuring stable voltage regulation within the MG. This research provides a robust foundation for future developments in optimizing BESS integration. It offers a roadmap to advance the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of battery-based solutions in the evolving landscape of sustainable energy systems. Additionally, it sheds light on the potential for scalability and applicability across diverse MG configurations and operational scenarios.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2872994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}