{"title":"Enhanced Structural and Chemical Stability of New Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cell Structures via Nickel Doping and Silicon Dioxide Encapsulation","authors":"Myeong Jin Seol, Seunghwan Hwang, Soo Young Kim","doi":"10.1155/er/7589178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/7589178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have adapted the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites as the absorption layer due to low processing temperature, superior optoelectronic properties, and simple solution processing. However, hybrid perovskites are more vulnerable to heat compared to inorganic perovskites. For long-term operation, heat stability is essential for the commercialization of PSCs based on hybrid perovskite. In this study, we synthesized inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> with SiO<sub>2</sub> shell to ensure stability against heat. However, due to the lattice mismatch between the SiO<sub>2</sub> shell and CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>, we introduced nickel doping using nickel acetate to reduce this mismatch. The nickel-doped CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> core–shell perovskite exhibited superior thermal stability, maintaining the 92% of its initial performance after 12 h at 353 K.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/7589178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RETRACTION: Novel Synthesis of Layered MoS2/TiO2/CNT Nanocomposite as a Potential Electrode for High Performance Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"International Journal of Energy Research","doi":"10.1155/er/9838529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9838529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RETRACTION: S. P. Vinodhini and J. R. Xavier, “Novel Synthesis of Layered MoS<sub>2</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CNT Nanocomposite as a Potential Electrode for High Performance Supercapacitor Applications,”<i>International Journal of Energy Research</i> 46, no. 10 (2022): 14088–14104, https://doi.org/10.1002/er.8125.</p><p>The above article, published online on 30 May 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by the journal Editorial Board; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation into concerns raised by a third party, which revealed that the image shown in Figure 3A was previously published elsewhere by a different author. Furthermore, identical curves to those presented in Figure 8 have been found published elsewhere by the same authors. Although the shape of all four curves are identical in both articles, the curves represent different materials. Finally, duplicate images representing the lattice fringes of different materials have been used in Figures 3B and 3C of this article. The authors were not able to provide any supporting data or an acceptable explanation for these issues. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this study. The author, J. R. Xavier was informed of the reaction; S. P. Vinodhini could not be contacted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9838529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Verification of a Spatial Dynamics Code RESTA-3D for Light Water Reactors","authors":"Yong Cui, Jing Shang, Longwei Mei, Jianfei Tong","doi":"10.1155/er/5377974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5377974","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A neutronics/thermal-hydraulics (TH) coupled spatial dynamics code, reactor system transient analysis-three dimensional (RESTA-3D), has been developed for both static and transient analysis of large advanced light water reactors (LWRs), with a focus on control rod (CR) ejection accidents. The code is based on a neutron diffusion model, employing the widely used “two-step” strategy in 3D Cartesian coordinates. A polynomial nodal expansion method (NEM) is used to handle spatial variables, while the neutron kinetics solver applies the exponential transformation technique. Additionally, the code integrates a single-channel TH module and a steam table set at 15.5 MPa. The accuracy of the code has been validated against three transient benchmarks: the 3D-LRA benchmark for boiling water reactors (BWRs), the NEACRP 3D benchmark, and the mixed oxide (MOX)/UO2 core benchmark for pressurized water reactors (PWRs). These benchmarks address both static and transient behaviors, and the results have been thoroughly analyzed. The close agreement between the RESTA-3D results and reference data, as well as other codes, confirms its reliability, making it a promising tool for future dynamic analyses of large-scale advanced PWRs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5377974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Optimization of Multistack and Multimotor Powertrain for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles","authors":"Kihan Kwon, Sang-Kil Lim, Jung-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/9015034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9015034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Multistack and multimotor powertrain systems have significant potential for improving the efficiency and performance of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) compared to conventional powertrain systems. To achieve a superior powertrain system, the major components such as the stack, motor, and transmission of the multistack and multimotor systems should be optimized. To analyze the energy efficiency and dynamic performance of the FCEV, an FCEV analysis model was developed. This model included a two-stack and two-motor powertrain system (2S2M) employing a stack power and motor torque distribution strategy. An optimization problem was formulated with stack transition power, motor torque distribution, and transmission gear ratios as the optimization variables and hydrogen consumption and acceleration time as the objectives for efficiency and performance measures, respectively. An artificial neural network (ANN) model-based optimization method was used to address the computational burden of multiobjective optimization. The optimization results highlighted the Pareto front for the FCEV employing 2S2M, showing a trade-off relationship between the efficiency and performance of the FCEV. Compared to the conventional powertrain system, the 2S2M can reduce hydrogen consumption and acceleration time by up to 7.9% and 6.2%, respectively. An analysis of the distribution of optimal solutions and a comparison of the Pareto fronts for each optimization variable highlighted the necessity for the proposed system optimization method. Furthermore, a comparison between the FCEV and ANN models in terms of computational time for the optimization demonstrated the effectiveness of the ANN model-based multiobjective optimization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9015034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Gao, Xinyue Cheng, Bhavana Joshi, Edmund Samuel, Jian Zhang, Ali Aldalbahi, Govindasami Periyasami, Hae-Seok Lee, Qufu Wei, Sam S. Yoon
{"title":"Freestanding ZIF-9-Derived Cobalt Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Hao Gao, Xinyue Cheng, Bhavana Joshi, Edmund Samuel, Jian Zhang, Ali Aldalbahi, Govindasami Periyasami, Hae-Seok Lee, Qufu Wei, Sam S. Yoon","doi":"10.1155/er/5504924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5504924","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-9) was synthesized via solvothermal reaction using cobalt (Co) salt and benzimidazole ligands in the presence of polyacrylonitrile. The precursor was electrospun to form carbon nanofibers (CNFs) creating freestanding, binder-free supercapacitor electrodes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and NaCl were added to the precursor solution to reduce fiber diameter and improve structural integrity during high-temperature annealing. The Co/CNF sample achieved an areal capacitance of 316 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> and an energy density of 0.043 mWh cm<sup>−2</sup> at a current density of 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The addition of NaCl and PVP reduced fiber diameter by 30% and increased capacitance by 3.6 times. The optimal sample maintained 96.2% of its capacitance over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, demonstrating strong electrochemical stability. Symmetrical pouch cells with the developed electrodes powered a light-emitting diode and a humidity/temperature sensor, demonstrating their potential in portable electronics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5504924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tohid Adibi, Seyed Esmail Razavi, Shams Forruque Ahmed, Shakhawan Mohammed Shakor, Gang Liu
{"title":"Effects of Elastic Walls on the Thermal Performance of a Counterflow Heat Exchanger","authors":"Tohid Adibi, Seyed Esmail Razavi, Shams Forruque Ahmed, Shakhawan Mohammed Shakor, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1155/er/8895936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8895936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Using elastic plates in combination with counterflow heat exchangers is an innovative aspect of thermal energy storage systems (TES). The incorporation of elastic plates dramatically enhances heat transfer. However, prior studies have yet to thoroughly investigate the effects of exerting force on these elastic plates. The flow and heat transfer in a counterflow plate heat exchanger with elastic parts on the lower and upper plates are numerically investigated in the current study. The study employs fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling to account for the elastic behavior of these plates, with external forces applied downward on the upper plate and upward on the lower plate. The analysis focuses on five different heat exchanger configurations, each with elastic plates positioned at varying locations. The results indicate that heat exchangers with elastic plates outperform their rigid counterparts, achieving efficiency improvements ranging from 17% to 140%, with the highest performance observed in configuration B, where the elastic plates are symmetrically placed in the center of the exchanger. Heat transfer rates for this configuration are up to 30% higher than in other designs. Additionally, a tripling of the Reynolds number results in a 47% increase in efficiency for configuration B, while doubling the applied external force increases the heat transfer rate by only 4%. These findings highlight the potential of elastic plate designs to enhance the efficiency of heat exchangers, with promising applications for condensers, evaporators, and boilers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8895936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaolei Xu, Ye Zhang, Linhua Pan, Wei Wang, Hualian Zhang, Dongxin Guo, Yao Xu
{"title":"Fracture Initiation of Multilithology Combination With Respect to Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation in the Late Permian Coal Measure Strata From the Songzao Coalfield, SW China","authors":"Zhaolei Xu, Ye Zhang, Linhua Pan, Wei Wang, Hualian Zhang, Dongxin Guo, Yao Xu","doi":"10.1155/er/2118249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2118249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Pushed by the increasing demand regarding the energy supply, coal measure gas has a tendency to get more and more attention. Therein, greater gas production is usually supported by an effective hydraulic fracturing in this unconventional reservoir—an overlapping multilithology system. However, the fracturing operation is difficult because of the complicated multilithology combination. In this work, the finite element modeling method ensures a series of numerical simulations to investigate the fracture initiation behavior when the hydraulic fracturing is applied, under the real geological background of the Late Permian coal measure strata in the Songzao Coalfield. Herein, two operation conditions are simulated, that is, the perforations are located in adjacent cataclastic coal and powdered coal (Case 1) and are set in adjacent cataclastic coal and stratified sandstone (Case 2). Therein, Case 2 has two situations—the stratified sandstone is embedded with joint plane (Case 2.1) and is free of joint plane (Case 2.2). As for Case 1, so the initiation location is mainly distributed in the cataclastic coal seam section. In Case 2.1, the stress of the lower cataclastic coal preferentially changes from compressive stress to tensile stress, making the fracture initiation occur. When the joint plane is involved, in Case 2.2, reservoir damage may start preferentially near the borehole of joint plane. Besides, the perforation density, perforation length, and perforation diameter influence fracture initiation pressure a lot. In addition, the horizontal stress difference and pore pressure also affect the fracture initiation pressure in different ways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2118249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanzhu Yao, Peng Xia, Lingyun Zhao, Cong Yang, Rui Huang, Ke Wang
{"title":"Effects of Temperature and Duration on the Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar Prepared From Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process","authors":"Yuanzhu Yao, Peng Xia, Lingyun Zhao, Cong Yang, Rui Huang, Ke Wang","doi":"10.1155/er/3595643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3595643","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Due to the depleting fossil fuels and increasing environmental issues, the application of biomass-derived energy is becoming significant. The widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China results in a large amount of TCM residue, which can be used to generate biomass energy and then mitigate environment problems. This paper focuses on the treatment of <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> (GU) residue, a common TCM waste, using the methods of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), elemental analysis, proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and thermal analysis, to investigate the fuel properties and combustion performance of hydrochars produced from GU under different process conditions (temperature and duration). The results showed that the raw GU had a higher heating value (HHV) of only 16.27 MJ/kg, whereas the hydrochar achieved yields ranging from 34.11% to 43.74% and HHVs between 24.00 and 29.01 MJ/kg. The HTC temperature significantly influenced the yield, physicochemical properties, and thermal behavior of the hydrochar. In contrast, the duration had a comparatively minor effect on its combustion performance. With increase in temperature, the yield of hydrochar decreases along with the reduction of certain oxygen-containing functional groups, but the fixed carbon (FC), HHV, and stability of the hydrochar increase. Furthermore, the reduction in the combustion index (<i>Z</i>-values) between 200 and 225°C across the three hydrothermal duration groups was significantly greater than that observed between 225 and 250°C. The average reduction for the former reached 39.3%, whereas for the latter, it was merely 9.4%. This variation indicates that 225°C is the optimal temperature for producing fuel from GU via HTC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3595643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Data-Driven-Aided Thermoelectric Equivalent Circuit Model for Accurate Temperature Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Junting Bao, Yuan Mao, Zhiming Zhang, Yajie Jiang, Youbing Zhang, Yun Yang","doi":"10.1155/er/5544635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5544635","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate temperature estimation models for lithium (Li)-ion batteries are critical for timely identification of and response to thermal runaway effects to ensure battery safety. In this paper, a hybrid data-driven approach incorporating thermoelectric equivalent model (TEM) is proposed to predict the temperature of Li-ion batteries under different state of health (SOH) based on measured data. The proposed TEM model consists of an electrical equivalent circuit model (EECM) and a thermal equivalent circuit modeling (TECM). The electrical model is a second-order RC equivalent circuit model, and the thermal model is a first-order thermal model, which interacts with parameters such as state of charge (SOC) and internal resistance to improve the accuracy of the model. In order to solve the problem that the model part is susceptible to measurement errors, a data-driven model using Kalman filter (KF) combined bidirectional gated recursive unit (BiGRU) and Transformer is proposed to ensure high accuracy in predicting the temperature. The output of the TEM is used as the input to the data-driven part to obtain the implied relationship between the temperature and parameters. The experimental results confirm the high accuracy of the hybrid model in estimating the battery temperature. The maximum temperature prediction error of the Li-ion battery was 0.3423°C with a predicted root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1266 under different SOH conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5544635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Cycling Performance of Electrospun Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide [LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)] Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"JinUk Yoo, Dong Chul Kang, Hyun Chul Kang, Songhun Yoon, Sung Gyu Pyo","doi":"10.1155/er/4663811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4663811","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The cathode of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) is made from a slurry of cathode active materials, conductive additives, and binder mixtures, which is blade-coated to fabricate the cathode electrode. The blade coating is a wet coating technology, which requires a heat treatment process after casting to volatilize the solvent. In addition, due to the dense surface, the reaction occurs mainly on the surface during the charge and discharge cycle, which accelerates degradation. To address these problems, this study introduces electrospun coatings during slurry casting. Electrospinning (ES) is a fast, easy, and low-cost process that is not limited by external conditions and is typically used to produce nanofibers. However, if the polymer solution concentration is extremely low, a porous film can be formed by electrospraying. Porous films tend to degrade more slowly because the reaction occurs across the entire electrode. In addition, ES does not require a drying process as the solvent is volatilized during the process. While the blade coating shows 47.13% retention after 100 cycles at 1C, ES shows an improved retention of 75.98%. The application of ES to LIB results in a significant improvement in cycle performance, which can be developed into a breakthrough technology in electrode fabrication.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4663811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}