International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Freestanding ZIF-9-Derived Cobalt Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Hao Gao,&nbsp;Xinyue Cheng,&nbsp;Bhavana Joshi,&nbsp;Edmund Samuel,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Ali Aldalbahi,&nbsp;Govindasami Periyasami,&nbsp;Hae-Seok Lee,&nbsp;Qufu Wei,&nbsp;Sam S. Yoon","doi":"10.1155/er/5504924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5504924","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>A zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-9) was synthesized via solvothermal reaction using cobalt (Co) salt and benzimidazole ligands in the presence of polyacrylonitrile. The precursor was electrospun to form carbon nanofibers (CNFs) creating freestanding, binder-free supercapacitor electrodes. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and NaCl were added to the precursor solution to reduce fiber diameter and improve structural integrity during high-temperature annealing. The Co/CNF sample achieved an areal capacitance of 316 mF cm⁻² and an energy density of 0.043 mWh cm⁻² at a current density of 1 mA cm⁻². The addition of NaCl and PVP reduced fiber diameter by 30% and increased capacitance by 3.6 times. The optimal sample maintained 96.2% of its capacitance over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles, demonstrating strong electrochemical stability. Symmetrical pouch cells with the developed electrodes powered a light-emitting diode and a humidity/temperature sensor, demonstrating their potential in portable electronics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5504924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Elastic Walls on the Thermal Performance of a Counterflow Heat Exchanger","authors":"Tohid Adibi,&nbsp;Seyed Esmail Razavi,&nbsp;Shams Forruque Ahmed,&nbsp;Shakhawan Mohammed Shakor,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1155/er/8895936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8895936","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Using elastic plates in combination with counterflow heat exchangers is an innovative aspect of thermal energy storage systems (TES). The incorporation of elastic plates dramatically enhances heat transfer. However, prior studies have yet to thoroughly investigate the effects of exerting force on these elastic plates. The flow and heat transfer in a counterflow plate heat exchanger with elastic parts on the lower and upper plates are numerically investigated in the current study. The study employs fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling to account for the elastic behavior of these plates, with external forces applied downward on the upper plate and upward on the lower plate. The analysis focuses on five different heat exchanger configurations, each with elastic plates positioned at varying locations. The results indicate that heat exchangers with elastic plates outperform their rigid counterparts, achieving efficiency improvements ranging from 17% to 140%, with the highest performance observed in configuration B, where the elastic plates are symmetrically placed in the center of the exchanger. Heat transfer rates for this configuration are up to 30% higher than in other designs. Additionally, a tripling of the Reynolds number results in a 47% increase in efficiency for configuration B, while doubling the applied external force increases the heat transfer rate by only 4%. These findings highlight the potential of elastic plate designs to enhance the efficiency of heat exchangers, with promising applications for condensers, evaporators, and boilers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8895936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture Initiation of Multilithology Combination With Respect to Hydraulic Fracturing Stimulation in the Late Permian Coal Measure Strata From the Songzao Coalfield, SW China","authors":"Zhaolei Xu,&nbsp;Ye Zhang,&nbsp;Linhua Pan,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Hualian Zhang,&nbsp;Dongxin Guo,&nbsp;Yao Xu","doi":"10.1155/er/2118249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2118249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Pushed by the increasing demand regarding the energy supply, coal measure gas has a tendency to get more and more attention. Therein, greater gas production is usually supported by an effective hydraulic fracturing in this unconventional reservoir—an overlapping multilithology system. However, the fracturing operation is difficult because of the complicated multilithology combination. In this work, the finite element modeling method ensures a series of numerical simulations to investigate the fracture initiation behavior when the hydraulic fracturing is applied, under the real geological background of the Late Permian coal measure strata in the Songzao Coalfield. Herein, two operation conditions are simulated, that is, the perforations are located in adjacent cataclastic coal and powdered coal (Case 1) and are set in adjacent cataclastic coal and stratified sandstone (Case 2). Therein, Case 2 has two situations—the stratified sandstone is embedded with joint plane (Case 2.1) and is free of joint plane (Case 2.2). As for Case 1, so the initiation location is mainly distributed in the cataclastic coal seam section. In Case 2.1, the stress of the lower cataclastic coal preferentially changes from compressive stress to tensile stress, making the fracture initiation occur. When the joint plane is involved, in Case 2.2, reservoir damage may start preferentially near the borehole of joint plane. Besides, the perforation density, perforation length, and perforation diameter influence fracture initiation pressure a lot. In addition, the horizontal stress difference and pore pressure also affect the fracture initiation pressure in different ways.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2118249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Temperature and Duration on the Combustion Characteristics of Hydrochar Prepared From Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process","authors":"Yuanzhu Yao,&nbsp;Peng Xia,&nbsp;Lingyun Zhao,&nbsp;Cong Yang,&nbsp;Rui Huang,&nbsp;Ke Wang","doi":"10.1155/er/3595643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3595643","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Due to the depleting fossil fuels and increasing environmental issues, the application of biomass-derived energy is becoming significant. The widespread use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China results in a large amount of TCM residue, which can be used to generate biomass energy and then mitigate environment problems. This paper focuses on the treatment of <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> (GU) residue, a common TCM waste, using the methods of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), elemental analysis, proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and thermal analysis, to investigate the fuel properties and combustion performance of hydrochars produced from GU under different process conditions (temperature and duration). The results showed that the raw GU had a higher heating value (HHV) of only 16.27 MJ/kg, whereas the hydrochar achieved yields ranging from 34.11% to 43.74% and HHVs between 24.00 and 29.01 MJ/kg. The HTC temperature significantly influenced the yield, physicochemical properties, and thermal behavior of the hydrochar. In contrast, the duration had a comparatively minor effect on its combustion performance. With increase in temperature, the yield of hydrochar decreases along with the reduction of certain oxygen-containing functional groups, but the fixed carbon (FC), HHV, and stability of the hydrochar increase. Furthermore, the reduction in the combustion index (<i>Z</i>-values) between 200 and 225°C across the three hydrothermal duration groups was significantly greater than that observed between 225 and 250°C. The average reduction for the former reached 39.3%, whereas for the latter, it was merely 9.4%. This variation indicates that 225°C is the optimal temperature for producing fuel from GU via HTC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3595643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven-Aided Thermoelectric Equivalent Circuit Model for Accurate Temperature Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Junting Bao,&nbsp;Yuan Mao,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang,&nbsp;Yajie Jiang,&nbsp;Youbing Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Yang","doi":"10.1155/er/5544635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5544635","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate temperature estimation models for lithium (Li)-ion batteries are critical for timely identification of and response to thermal runaway effects to ensure battery safety. In this paper, a hybrid data-driven approach incorporating thermoelectric equivalent model (TEM) is proposed to predict the temperature of Li-ion batteries under different state of health (SOH) based on measured data. The proposed TEM model consists of an electrical equivalent circuit model (EECM) and a thermal equivalent circuit modeling (TECM). The electrical model is a second-order RC equivalent circuit model, and the thermal model is a first-order thermal model, which interacts with parameters such as state of charge (SOC) and internal resistance to improve the accuracy of the model. In order to solve the problem that the model part is susceptible to measurement errors, a data-driven model using Kalman filter (KF) combined bidirectional gated recursive unit (BiGRU) and Transformer is proposed to ensure high accuracy in predicting the temperature. The output of the TEM is used as the input to the data-driven part to obtain the implied relationship between the temperature and parameters. The experimental results confirm the high accuracy of the hybrid model in estimating the battery temperature. The maximum temperature prediction error of the Li-ion battery was 0.3423°C with a predicted root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1266 under different SOH conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5544635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Cycling Performance of Electrospun Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide [LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)] Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"JinUk Yoo,&nbsp;Dong Chul Kang,&nbsp;Hyun Chul Kang,&nbsp;Songhun Yoon,&nbsp;Sung Gyu Pyo","doi":"10.1155/er/4663811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4663811","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The cathode of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) is made from a slurry of cathode active materials, conductive additives, and binder mixtures, which is blade-coated to fabricate the cathode electrode. The blade coating is a wet coating technology, which requires a heat treatment process after casting to volatilize the solvent. In addition, due to the dense surface, the reaction occurs mainly on the surface during the charge and discharge cycle, which accelerates degradation. To address these problems, this study introduces electrospun coatings during slurry casting. Electrospinning (ES) is a fast, easy, and low-cost process that is not limited by external conditions and is typically used to produce nanofibers. However, if the polymer solution concentration is extremely low, a porous film can be formed by electrospraying. Porous films tend to degrade more slowly because the reaction occurs across the entire electrode. In addition, ES does not require a drying process as the solvent is volatilized during the process. While the blade coating shows 47.13% retention after 100 cycles at 1C, ES shows an improved retention of 75.98%. The application of ES to LIB results in a significant improvement in cycle performance, which can be developed into a breakthrough technology in electrode fabrication.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4663811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Focus on Phosphate-Based Cathodes and Their Interaction With Electrolytes","authors":"Mushtaq Ahmad Dar,&nbsp;Ibrahim Abdullah Alnaser,&nbsp;Dong-Wan Kim","doi":"10.1155/er/9198966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9198966","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting interest from both the scientific and commercial sectors due to their unique approach, which contrasts lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). SIBs employ easily accessible and low-cost salt as a primary resource, making them environmentally viable and cost-effective. Researchers have focused on enhancing the performance of cathode, anode materials, and electrolytes in the SIB field, recognizing the urgent need to compete with LIB technology. The paper will concisely address current progress in polymer-based electrolytes and cathode structural materials for SIBs, providing an in-depth review of the developing technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9198966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Rate Capability of Prussian Blue Analogs for Na-Ion Batteries: Key Factors and Control Strategies","authors":"San Chun Kang,&nbsp;Na Yeong Song,&nbsp;Chang-Wan Hyeon,&nbsp;Chan-Yeup Chung,&nbsp;Sang-Eun Chun","doi":"10.1155/er/8856604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8856604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The open-framework structure of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) allows the movement of alkali ions within the crystal, making PBAs promising electrode materials for high-rate sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Typically, PBAs are synthesized in an aqueous environment through the instantaneous reaction of transition metal ions with ferrocyanide ions, resulting in the inclusion of water in the lattice and the induction of Fe vacancies. These defects decrease the rate capability of the synthesized material; therefore, the principles behind their formation must be comprehensively elucidated to maximize the performance of synthesized PBAs. This review describes various PBA synthesis methods and explores the principles behind defect formation in materials specific to each synthesis technique. Additionally, the mechanism through which crystal structure and morphology determine the rate capability of PBAs is discussed. This review also examines critical factors affecting kinetics and discusses strategies for improving rate capability and mitigating performance degradation. Elucidation of the changes in material parameters due to synthesis processes and conditions is crucial for increasing the rate capability of PBA materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8856604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Analysis of Optimal Design of a VPP in Risk-Seeking/Risk-Averse Modes Using IGDT and Considering Wind, Solar, and Load Uncertainties","authors":"Ali Goldoust,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hojjat,&nbsp;Saeed Seyyedmahdavi","doi":"10.1155/er/8858389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8858389","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;This paper presented a risk analysis using information gap decision theory (IGDT) in risk-seeking and risk-averse approaches to invest in the construction of virtual power plants (VPPs), considering the uncertainties of wind speed, solar radiation, and load demand. The construction of VPP has financial and operational risks, such as investment costs, maintenance, power exchange with upstream grid, unsupplied energy, and combined heat and power (CHP) system fuel for investors in terms of uncertainties related to load demand and various sources of distributed energy generation (distributed energy resources [DERs]). Investing risk analysis on an experimental system, including photovoltaic (PV) and wind, thermal, and combined power plants (CHP), battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric and thermal loads, using a multiobjective function to minimize the total cost of VPP construction in risk-seeking modes (&lt;i&gt;π&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;) and risk aversion (&lt;i&gt;π&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;), was performed. The risk analysis involved 8% reducing/increasing of the total VPP construction investment cost in 2% steps for the risk-seeking owner (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;)/risk-averse owner (&lt;i&gt;σ&lt;/i&gt;). The results of this article showed that despite high uncertainty in the studied VPP, it is still possible to make a decision for risk-seeking and risk-averse investors to build VPP. In the risk-averse mode, due to the increase in cost, there is more flexibility in choosing and using equipment, as well as in determining its amount. On the contrary, in risk-seeking mode, VPP designer should determine the smallest radius of uncertainty (&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;wind, &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;pv, and &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;load) in ideal conditions, because to formulate a suitable investment proposal to use equipment and their quantity in a way that leads to cost savings is vital. The key numerical results include the following: (1) The base investment cost is 18,731.2 monetary units; (2) a risk-averse scenario achieves a critical cost of 20,229.7 monetary units at a risk tolerance of &lt;i&gt;σ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.08; (3) for a risk-seeking scenario, the critical cost is 17,232.7 monetary units with a risk parameter &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.08; (4) in the risk-averse case, optimal robustness ensures critical cost &lt;i&gt;π&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt; = 17,232.7 monetary units at risk parameter &lt;i&gt;σ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.06 assurance at an uncertainty radius where &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;wind&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.353%, &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;pv&lt;/sub&gt; = 1.176%, and &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;load&lt;/sub&gt; = 14.118%; (5) in the risk-seeking case, optimal opportunity ensures critical cost &lt;i&gt;π&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt; = 17607.3 monetary units at risk parameter &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = 0.06 assurance at an uncertainty radius where &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;wind&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.353%, &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;pv&lt;/sub&gt; = 17.647%, and &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;load&lt;/sub&gt; = 18.824%; and (6) the harmony search algorithm (HSA) algorithm demonstrated an 18% faster convergence speed compared to genetic algorithm (GA). This approach makes sure VPP design stays strong and full of chances even when things get t","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8858389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worst-Case Accident Analysis of Accident Tolerant Fuel in NuScale Using RELAP5/MOD3-Based Code","authors":"Willem Zuidersma,&nbsp;Maria Hendrina du Toit,&nbsp;Martin van Eldik","doi":"10.1155/er/8410668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8410668","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Research in nuclear engineering focusses on improving the safety of light water reactors (LWRs), driven by accidents like Fukushima in 2011. The severity of this accident was a result of active cooling system failures and cladding material oxidation resulting in hydrogen explosions. To this end, efforts concentrate on the improvement of passive safety in LWRs and the development of accident tolerant fuel (ATF). Natural circulation small modular reactors (SMRs) are new reactor concepts designed around passive safety. One such SMR called the NuScale SMR was chosen for this study. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of one selected passively safe reactor system with two selected ATF cladding materials, namely FeCrAl alloy and a silicon-carbide (SiC) composite, to determine if this combination would greatly increase the safety of LWRs. The use of ATF cladding materials in the NuScale for possible mitigation of a potential worst-case scenario accident has not been evaluated. A model of the SMR was developed using ASYST 3.4 thermal–hydraulics code and validated for steady state operation and one worst-case scenario accident transient using data taken from the NuScale final safety analysis report (FSAR) and literature. Results indicated minimal impact on steady state operation when employing ATF cladding materials. FeCrAl and SiC caused minor changes in peak cladding temperature (PCT) and peak fuel centerline temperature (PFCT). The worst-case scenario accident transient involved the inadvertent opening of one reactor vent valve (RVV) with subsequent failure of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and decay heat removal system (DHRS). In the current model, this led to failure of the Zr-alloy cladding after 6.42 h. This coping time was increased with the use of ATF cladding, with FeCrAl and SiC providing an increase of 0.5 and 4.35 h, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8410668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}