International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Advancing Piezoelectric Wind Energy Solutions: Evaluating Turbine Rotor Blade Designs for Sustainable Smart City Infrastructure","authors":"Saleh Alhumaid,&nbsp;Sattam Alharbi,&nbsp;Shaher Alshammrei","doi":"10.1155/er/8845090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8845090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Smart energy solutions are critical to the development of smart cities, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which aims to transform urban centers through sustainable technologies. This transformation, driven by the widespread use of smart sensors for traffic regulation, parking systems, and environmental monitoring, requires efficient, eco-friendly energy sources to reduce reliance on conventional batteries. In the city of Hail, wind energy presents a promising opportunity to generate clean power for low-energy sensors. This paper introduces a compact small wind energy harvesting system (SWEHS) that integrates piezoelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms designed specifically for powering sensors in low-wind environments. The harvester consists of two concentric rings: an inner rotator ring containing four equally spaced permanent magnetic plates arranged in a symmetrical pole configuration to minimize starting torque and improve power generation at low wind speeds. The outer ring incorporates four piezoelectric benders coupled with magnetic plates, converting mechanical energy into electrical power. Experimental results show that the Savonius rotor design outperforms Helical Savonius and Cup rotors, achieving a peak power output of 0.767 mW at a resistive load of 15 k<i>Ω</i> and wind speed of 6.5 m/s. This design demonstrates superior efficiency in decentralized energy production, making it a viable solution for sustainable, low-power energy harvesting in smart city infrastructure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8845090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regime Switching Model Estimates of the Impact of Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption: The Role of Geopolitical Risk in the Case of Emerging Economies","authors":"Maha Kalai,&nbsp;Hamdi Becha,&nbsp;Kamel Helali,&nbsp;Mohamed Drira","doi":"10.1155/er/1525398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/1525398","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Financial development and geopolitical risks are crucial for understanding the consumption of renewable energies (CREs), given the sustainability challenges of the global economy. This research examines the nonlinear impact of financial development on adopting renewable energies in 10 emerging countries facing geopolitical risks between 1985 and 2022. By employing two regime-switching approaches (panel threshold autoregressive (PTAR) and panel smooth transition autoregression (PSTAR)), the results indicate nonlinear correlations between domestic bank credit granted to the private sector and the adoption of renewable energies. The optimal threshold value of the PTAR model is 40.171, while those of the PSTAR model are 35.705 and 122.9. Below the thresholds of the PTAR and PSTAR models, financial development decreases the CREs. Beyond these thresholds, financial development promotes CRE through specific financial incentives, such as low-interest loans and tax credits for renewable energy projects, as well as the creation of specialized financial instruments, such as green bonds. Geopolitical issues have prompted governments to diversify their energy sources and intensify their investments in renewable energy to strengthen energy security and reduce dependence on the volatile fossil fuel markets. Therefore, in terms of policy implications, financial education, the mitigation of geopolitical risks, and renewable energy goals must be priorities in national development efforts to promote sustainable economic growth.</p>\u0000 <p><b>JEL Classification:</b> C23, C54, K32, Q43</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/1525398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Electrical Characterization of Dusty Solar Modules: Integrating Outdoor Experiments With Single- and Double-Diode Models","authors":"Abubaker Younis,&nbsp;Fatima Belabbes,&nbsp;Petru Adrian Cotfas,&nbsp;Daniel Tudor Cotfas","doi":"10.1155/er/5792330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5792330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study addresses a research gap regarding the impact of dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules, with a specific focus on parameter extraction using single- and double-diode models (SDMs and DDMs) under dusty conditions. While dust effects on PV performance are well-studied, few have explored how existing models can accurately represent these effects. Experimental data from outdoor testing of small-scale modules subjected to artificially deposited dust were analyzed. The direct current parameters were then extracted using the SDM and DDM, with the application of the improved snake optimization algorithm to enhance the accuracy. Preliminary analysis shows that the fill factor of dusty panels gradually increases, surpassing that of clean panels, due to increased absorption of diffuse light from reflections off the nonuniform dust layer. Efficiency uniformly decreases under dust presence. Computational comparison reveals a significant impact of dust on the algorithm’s prediction quality, with maximum root mean square error decreases of 339.1% and 303.5% for DDM and SDM, respectively. The study observes that DDM effectively represents dust effects with fewer parameters than SDM, which includes more parameters conveying dust deposition effects. On average, DDM photocurrent values decrease by 24.2% due to dust, while shunt resistance decreases by 79.7%. For SDM, photocurrent decreases by 24.2%, shunt resistance by 80.1%, diode saturation current by 84.6%, and ideality factor by 10.5%. These findings suggest that current models inadequately represent dust effects, favoring SDM for its simplicity, while partial shading serves as a weak approximation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5792330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregated Demand Flexibility Prediction of Residential Thermostatically Controlled Loads and Participation in Electricity Balance Markets","authors":"Alejandro Martín-Crespo,&nbsp;Enrique Baeyens,&nbsp;Sergio Saludes-Rodil,&nbsp;Fernando Frechoso-Escudero","doi":"10.1155/er/8819201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8819201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The aggregate demand flexibility of a set of residential thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can be represented by a virtual battery (VB) in order to manage their participation in the electricity markets. For this purpose, it is necessary to know in advance and with a high level of reliability the maximum power that can be supplied by the aggregation of TCLs. A probability function of the power that can be supplied by a VB is introduced in this paper. This probability function is used to predict the demand flexibility using a rigorous experimental probabilistic method based on a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and extremum search by bisection (MC&amp;ESB) algorithm. As a result, the maximum flexibility power that a VB can provide is obtained. MC&amp;ESB performs the demand flexibility prediction with a given confidence level and taking into account TCLs and users’ real-time constraints, which is a novel contribution. The performance and validity of the proposed method are demonstrated and discussed in three different case studies where a VB bids its aggregate power in the Spanish electricity balancing markets (SEBMs).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8819201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Data-Driven Techno-Economic and Environmental Framework for Solar Energy Deployment in the Energy Mix: A Case Study of Pakistan","authors":"Abiha Abbas,&nbsp;Mohammad Ansub Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Mustafa Tahir,&nbsp;Nauman Ahmad Zaffar,&nbsp;Ali Rauf,&nbsp;Rofice Dickson","doi":"10.1155/er/1473144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/1473144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Numerous countries have outlined their renewable energy objectives for 2030 and 2050; however, the strategy for attaining these targets poses significant challenges. While solar energy is considered a promising solution to address the energy crisis as well as the climate change, it is essential to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of various factors before formulating any national energy policy. This study aims to utilize data-driven techno-economic and environmental optimization models to (1) analyze multiple locations simultaneously to identify the most suitable sites for solar plant deployment based on solar resources; (2) conduct a detailed techno-economic analysis (TEA) to evaluate parameters such as payback period and rate of return on investment (ROROI); and (3) formulate the country’s energy mix to meet multiple objectives and constraints. A comprehensive case study for a developing country is employed to evaluate the proposed models. Optimal sites based on solar resources are identified from a pool of 150 locations that are examined simultaneously. A 40%–70% reduction in electricity costs can be achieved by using solar energy instead of conventional grid sources. A life cycle analysis (LCA) comparing the current grid to a solar-dominant grid reveals a 41% reduction in global warming potential (GWP) when solar energy is utilized to meet national renewable energy targets for 2030. These developed models provide an efficient tool for any country, offering valuable insights to policymakers and stakeholders and facilitating the creation of sustainable energy strategies that prioritize accessibility and environmental friendliness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/1473144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks for Accurate Solar Radiation Prediction","authors":"Oussama Khouili,&nbsp;Mohamed Hanine,&nbsp;Mohamed Louzazni","doi":"10.1155/er/5846114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5846114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate solar radiation prediction is essential for optimizing renewable energy systems and supporting grid stability. This study investigates the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction in solar radiation prediction models, followed by an evaluation of the models’ performance across varying feature sets. A series of case studies were conducted, comparing models using raw meteorological inputs with those employing reduced principal components (PCs) as inputs. Results demonstrate that while retaining fewer PCs reduces computational complexity, it can significantly affect model performance. The model with all meteorological inputs achieved the best results with an <i>R</i>² of 0.99198, MSE of 562.612, and MAPE of 0.1899%. By contrast, the single-PC model exhibited an <i>R</i>² of 0.11699 and MAPE of 64.5897%, highlighting the trade-off between dimensionality reduction and prediction accuracy. The study also emphasizes the computational efficiency gained through PCA, particularly in high-dimensional datasets. Future directions include integrating hybrid feature extraction techniques, leveraging advanced deep learning architectures, and exploring temporal and spatial dynamics to further refine prediction accuracy. The findings provide a roadmap for developing scalable and interpretable solar radiation prediction models, advancing their integration into real-time renewable energy systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5846114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Optimal Allocation of Renewable Energy and Energy Storage in Large-Scale Parks Considering Grid-Connected Fluctuations","authors":"Shibo Li,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhang,&nbsp;Genzhu Xu","doi":"10.1155/er/1255228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/1255228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>At present, the energy consumption of the park has been increasing worldwide. In order to respond to the call of the two-carbon plan and promote the development of the new energy structure of the park, a feasible design of energy complementarity is proposed. This paper mainly studies the sustainable development of the park and improves the energy topology of the park by constructing a complementary power generation system of wind–solar renewable energy and energy storage. In the study, it was found that due to the natural characteristics of wind and solar energy generation, energy supply would fluctuate accordingly, and the traditional energy storage system could not meet the economic benefits, and the energy utilization rate was not high, so hybrid energy storage was used as an alternative. In addition, for better handling the problem of energy storage power distribution, this paper adopted multiscale morphological method, which was decomposed into linear structure elements and triangular structure elements for analysis and comparison. In order to deal with the constraint problem of energy storage system, an improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) algorithm based on spatial transformation was proposed, which solved the defect that traditional NSGA-II algorithm could not effectively meet the constraint and protect the operation of microgrid. The simulation results show that the improved NSGA-II algorithm has significant advantages in dealing with strong constraints, and the complementary power generation system with it saves 31,040.9¥ in economic cost, with considerable economic benefits. The maximum 1-min fluctuation of energy supply is reduced to 1.45%, and the maximum 10-min fluctuation is reduced to 5.69%, effectively improving the quality of clean electric energy. This research promotes the energy utilization of the park and creates important conditions for the subsequent energy exploration and development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/1255228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Energy Recycling, Allocation, and Trading for Electricity, Natural Gas, Heat, and Cold Energies in Factories With Ground Source Heat Pumps","authors":"Chun-Cheng Lin,&nbsp;Zhen-Yin Annie Chen,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Hsin-Cheng Huang","doi":"10.1155/er/9583663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9583663","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>To enhance the utilization of corporate green energy, integrated energy systems (IESs) have been proposed, with ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) being widely utilized as a clean energy conversion device within these systems. However, there have been few studies from the perspective of factory-based IES designs regarding energy usage, energy storage, and energy trading considering GSHPs under the Internet of Energy (IoE) framework, especially for recyclable energies from the production equipment in the factory. Consequently, this study firstly formulates a mixed-integer programing model for the factory-based IES with a GSHP under the IoE framework that employs the information from the IoE to make decisions for utilizing, recycling, storing, and trading electricity, natural gas, heat, and cold energies through multienergy trading platforms while optimizing the relevant costs and revenues. Since the simplified harmony search algorithm (SHS) simplifies the classical harmony search algorithm (HSA) to accelerate the method of finding new solutions, and the island model considers migration among multiple subpopulations to increase population diversity, this study takes their advantages to propose the island-based SHS (iSHS) to address the concerned problem. The experimental findings indicate that the iSHS surpasses both SHS and HSA in performance. In comparison to the electricity-based system alone, the proposed IES achieves 39% green energy utilization and a 15.34% reduction in electricity consumption for the baseline factory. For the high-load factory, while electricity consumption remains high, the IES still integrates 9% green energy, demonstrating its potential for scalability and adaptability across different factory scales.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9583663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells With Rare-Earth Metal Doped Zinc Oxide: A Review of Electron Mobility, Stability, and Photocarrier Recombination","authors":"Ponka J. Mokgolo,&nbsp;Thandi P. Gumede,&nbsp;Richard O. Ocaya,&nbsp;Thembinkosi D. Malevu","doi":"10.1155/er/4240199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4240199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important electron transfer layer (ETL) material due to its optical and electrical properties, maintaining its pivotal role in advancing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) given its high experimental accessibility and reported high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Recent studies reveal that doping ZnO nanomaterials with dual-functioning rare-earth metal (REM) ions can further bolster PCEs of ZnO-based PSCs. This review synthesizes recent empirical studies on REM-doped ZnO, focusing on enhancing PSC electron mobility, stability, and mitigating photocarrier recombination. Additionally, it examines the shift from mesoscopic to planar PSC architectures, underscores synthesis/fabrication strategies, and investigates REMs’ potential in ZnO for up/down conversion processes. Despite potential cost implications, REMs consistently achieve remarkable PCEs of up to 22.9% in ZnO-based devices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4240199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Environmental Analyses (4E) of Geothermal Power Plant With Double Flash System for Power and Heat Production","authors":"Mamdouh El Haj Assad,&nbsp;Yashar Aryanfar,&nbsp;Imen Ben Salem,&nbsp;Shek Atiqure Rahman,&nbsp;Laveet Kumar,&nbsp;Ahmad K. Sleiti,&nbsp;Mohammad Alhuyi Nazri","doi":"10.1155/er/7612852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/7612852","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Geothermal energy is a reliable and sustainable renewable energy source due to its continuous availability and eliminating the need for energy storage systems. Among various types of geothermal power plants, double flash (DF) geothermal plants are among the most widely utilized. This paper presents a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of a DF geothermal power plant, integrating energy, exergy, economic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) evaluations. The study examines the influence of key parameters, including the high-pressure separator and geothermal production well temperature, on the system performance. The results indicate that the expansion valve of the high pressure separator exhibits the highest exergy destruction rate (EDR) followed by the steam trubine, while both high- and low-pressure separators experience no exergy destruction. The energy and exergy efficiencies are found to be 13.3% and 51.23%, respectively. The condensation heat rate is obtained around 46.551 MW, suggesting potential use for district heating applications. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that increasing the geofluid source temperature and the pressure of high-pressure separator 1 lead to a decrease in the unit exergy cost, but an increase in overall cost rate, highlighting important trade-offs for optimizing plant performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/7612852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}