International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Advantage of PCM Over Air in Battery Thermal Management: To What Extent Does PCM Perform Better?","authors":"Masoud Afrand,&nbsp;Adnan I. Khdair,&nbsp;Rebwar Nasir Dara,&nbsp;Meysam Yari,&nbsp;Rasool Kalbasi","doi":"10.1155/er/3721715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3721715","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the competition between phase change material (PCM) and air in battery cooling was investigated in two scenarios. In the first scenario, three cases were introduced. In Case I, the battery heat is removed by the airflow. In Case II, the battery was cooled by PCM as well as air simultaneously. In Case III, the battery heat is fully absorbed by the PCM and then rejected to the ambient. In a battery cooling system, the effect of PCM depends on the C-rate and coefficient of heat transfer (CHT). For C-rate within 1C–10C and CHT lower than 30 W m⁻² K⁻¹, calculations showed that Case III (which only uses PCM) provided better cooling than Case I (airflow) and Case II (airflow + PCM). At CHT = 10 W m⁻² K⁻¹, Case III can cool the battery up to 17.28°C compared to Case I and up to 8.76°C compared to Case II. When CHT reaches 30 W m⁻² K⁻¹, the superiority of Case III diminishes. In this case, Case III can cool the battery up to 11.5 and 5.5°C compared to Case I and Case II, respectively. In the second scenario, the question was answered under what conditions PCM is preferable to airflow in battery cooling. At C-rate = 1, up to CHT = 30 W m⁻² K⁻¹, PCM is superior to airflow. When the C-rate rises, the competitive ability of PCM intensifies so that in C-rate = 5, PCM up to CHT = 60 W m⁻² K⁻¹ is preferable to airflow. At C-rate = 10, PCM up to CHT = 80 W m⁻² K⁻¹ is superior to airflow.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3721715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study of Dry Reforming of Methane Using Internally Circulating Fluidized-Bed Reactors","authors":"Wei-Hsin Chen,&nbsp;Wei-Feng Tseng,&nbsp;Keng-Tung Wu,&nbsp;Rei-Yu Chein","doi":"10.1155/er/8493686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8493686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerical simulation was carried out to examine the performance of synthesis gas (syngas) production via dry reforming of methane (DRM) using an internally circulating fluidized-bed (ICFB) reactor. The ICFB was designed using a baffle plate and a gap below the baffle plate located at the center of the reactor. Particle circulation was achieved by using different reactant velocities at the two reactor inlets. It was found that the ICFB exhibited better DRM performance, characterized by conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, yields of H₂ and CO, and carbon yield, compared to packed-bed and conventional bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) reactors under identical operating conditions. The DRM performance enhancement was due to the catalyst circulation. With a smaller catalyst size and higher packing height, DRM performance can be enhanced due to an increased degree of fluidization and catalyst loading. For the various inlet velocity ratio of the reactant in the ICFB operation, it was found that there appeared to be an optimum velocity ratio with a value of four that resulted in maximum conversions of CH₄ and CO₂ minimum carbon yield. At the reaction temperature of 800°C, the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂ were 96% and 88%, respectively, while the carbon yield was 0.024 mol/mol CH₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8493686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicriteria Decision Analysis With Fuzzy-AHP of Renewable Energy Pathways for Green Hydrogen Production in Remote Egyptian Regions","authors":"Mohamed Osman Atallah,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Elsayed,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Alqahtani,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Shaheen","doi":"10.1155/er/3028342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3028342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition from fossil fuels to clean energy is a global priority to combat climate change, energy insecurity, and environmental degradation, with green hydrogen from renewable sources emerging as a promising and carbon-free energy carrier. This study presents a comprehensive technoeconomic and environmental assessment of renewable energy–based hydrogen production systems, focusing on the coastal region of Marsa Matrouh, Egypt. In this regard, a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) integrated with multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) is applied using four key criteria: commercial potential of hydrogen production, environmental impact of carbon dioxide (CO₂) mitigation, economic benefit, and social acceptance. Also, the photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and alkaline (ALK) electrolysis are effectively modeled using their first-order energy balance equations to estimate electricity and hydrogen output. The modeling approach is implemented via MATLAB simulation using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) climate data of hourly solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed data to estimate energy output, hydrogen yield, and the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). A case study is conducted in Marsa Matrouh, Egypt, to assess the technical and economic viability of five distinct scenarios: (SC₁) 100% PV, (SC₂) 100% WT, (SC₃) 50% PV + 50% WT, (SC₄) 70% PV + 30% WT, and (SC₅) 30% PV + 70% WT. Results show that the 100% wind scenario (SC₂) is optimal, delivering the highest annual energy (2417 MW h), hydrogen output (36 tons), CO₂ mitigation (769 tons/year), and the lowest LCOH ($2.66/kg), with the highest F-AHP score (0.5360). These findings highlight the strategic value of wind energy for large-scale hydrogen production and support Egypt’s Vision 2030 for green energy transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3028342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia Synthesis via Synergistic Plasma–Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction","authors":"Snigdha Rashinkar,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Majid A. Ali,&nbsp;Xinfang Jin,&nbsp;Fuqiang Liu","doi":"10.1155/er/5059401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5059401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report ambient-condition ammonia synthesis via plasma-mediated electrocatalysis that couples a nonthermal plasma (NTP) with an electrochemical cell. In this hybrid scheme, the plasma pregenerates long-lived, soluble nitrogen intermediates (predominantly NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻) from N₂/H₂O, which are subsequently electrochemically reduced to NH₃. Using a dual-chamber H-cell (2.5 kV NTP, ~6–7 mA plasma current; −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl), we find that Ar plasma doubles NH₃ production relative to electrochemistry alone, and N₂ plasma provides a further approximately 50% increase. Acidic electrolytes are critical: 0.5 M H₂SO₄ maximizes NH₃ yield, while tuning acid concentration balances NH₃ selectivity against HER. Humidifying the N₂ plasma increases nitrate from approximately 5400 to approximately 7100 ppm and boosts NH₃ by approximately 21%, consistent with enhanced formation of soluble nitrogen intermediates. Catalyst screening shows PtIr and Pd outperform Pt/C, NbN, and NbO₂, indicating that in the plasma-assisted regime the rate-limiting step shifts from nitrate activation to hydrogenation, favoring catalysts that efficiently supply surface hydrogen. Time-resolved measurements reveal steady NH₃ accumulation with nonmonotonic NO₃⁻ evolution, reflecting a competition between plasma-driven formation and electroreduction. Under optimized conditions (N₂ plasma; 0.3 M–0.5 M H₂SO₄), the Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaches up to 47%; total specific energy consumption for our present setup is approximately 73 kWh/kg NH₃, dominated by the plasma input, indicating clear opportunities for reduction via high-frequency operation and reactor optimization. These results establish plasma–electrochemical coupling as a tunable route to decentralized, ambient NH₃ synthesis and outline design principles for plasma-compatible electrocatalysts and reactors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5059401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Hydrogen Production via Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine Cycles in Cogeneration Power-Hydrogen Layouts: 4E Study and Optimization","authors":"Mohammad Zoghi,&nbsp;Nasser Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;Saleh Gharaie,&nbsp;Ali Zare","doi":"10.1155/er/5596253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5596253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The efficient utilization of waste energy in gas turbine (GT) cycles (GTCs) is a crucial aspect of sustainable energy production. While previous studies have explored various aspects of waste energy recovery, a comparative analysis of different bottoming configurations has been lacking. This research thoroughly studies the literature and investigates four primary bottoming cycles: the steam Rankine cycle (SRC), supercritical Brayton cycle (SBC), inverse Brayton cycle (IBC), and air bottoming cycle (ABC), with the aim of recovering waste energy from the topping GTC. To maximize energy recovery, two thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are employed to harness the waste heat from the main bottoming systems. The generated power from these systems is subsequently directed to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) for hydrogen production. The primary objective of this study is to identify the most cost-effective bottoming system for hydrogen production. Optimization results reveal that the SRC-based bottoming system achieves the highest exergy efficiency at 35.68%. However, it does not align well with economic considerations, exhibiting a total cost rate of $176.6/h, a unit cost of $36.63/GJ, and a specific cost of $0.2904/kWh. Furthermore, the produced hydrogen mass flow rate is 3.324 kg/s. In contrast, the IBC-based system emerges as the optimal configuration, boasting an exergy efficiency of 33.55%. This system offers a more economically favorable profile, featuring a total cost rate of $162.1/h, a unit cost of $26.68/GJ, and a specific cost of $0.2835/kWh. The IBC-based configuration distinguishes itself by presenting the lowest total cost rate, unit cost of outputs, and specific cost among the four considered configurations. At the optimum point, it can generate 500 kW of power and produce 2.207 kg/h of hydrogen. This research, which is a combination of a literature review and a research article, underscores the critical role of selecting an economically efficient bottoming cycle in the context of waste energy recovery and hydrogen production within GT systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5596253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analysis on the Orientation and Size Effect of an Elliptical Cut-Out on the Buckling Response of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Cylindrical Shell","authors":"Johnson Anish Jafrin Thilak,&nbsp;Dhinesh Balasubramanian,&nbsp;Esmail Khalife,&nbsp;Karthickeyan Viswanathan,&nbsp;Utku Kale,&nbsp;Artūras Kilikevičius","doi":"10.1155/er/5870407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5870407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thin-walled shells in the form of cylinders, cones and spheres are seeking usage in aerospace sectors because of its excellent load carrying capacity even being light weight. Being thin, these structures are much prone to buckling when subjected to axial loading, bending due to some geometric imperfections in the structure. Although the imperfections result in relatively low amplitudes, they can significantly impact the critical load. Buckling study is one of the common methods to analyse the influence of perforation in thin-walled shells. This paper presents the buckling response of both perforated and perfect thin-walled cylinders. The thin-walled cylindrical shells were perforated in elliptical shape and the effect of size and orientation of the elliptical cut-outs was studied experimentally and correlated with the numerical simulation findings. Furthermore, this study revealed an optimum size and orientation of the elliptical cut-out provision without sacrificing the buckling resistance of the carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) cylindrical shells under axial loading. The results can contribute to the analysis and optimum design of composite thin-walled shells with cut-outs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5870407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Energy Efficiency in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Approach","authors":"Ali Rıza Solmaz,&nbsp;Murat Emikönel,&nbsp;Özgür Bayram Soylu,&nbsp;Magdalena Radulescu","doi":"10.1155/er/3409830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3409830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy intensity comes to the forefront in evaluating the efficiency of energy consumption in economic activities. While countries’ environmental policies, production techniques, and foreign trade frameworks have an impact on energy intensity, today the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and related factors on energy intensity has also begun to be examined. This research analyzes the influence of AI on energy intensity utilizing data from 2005 to 2022 for 27 European Union (EU) nations. An AI index was initially established via the PCA approach incorporating 15 AI-related factors. The two-stage system generalized method of moments (GMM) was employed to ascertain the impacts of the pertinent AI index, trade openness, industrial production, and governance factors on energy intensity. The results indicate that the prevalence of AI technologies, the degree of trade openness, and the level of industrial production enhance energy efficiency. Nonetheless, the regulatory quality (RQ) fails to convey a favorable impression about the assurance of energy efficiency. The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating AI into strategies aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in manufacturing processes for policymakers and stakeholders in industrial production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3409830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binary Transition Metal and Nitrogen Functionalised Silicon Oxycarbide Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Battery Air Electrode Application","authors":"Marek Mooste,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Silver Juvanen,&nbsp;Jekaterina Kozlova,&nbsp;Arvo Kikas,&nbsp;Alexey Treshchalov,&nbsp;Maike Käärik,&nbsp;Jaan Aruväli,&nbsp;Jaan Leis,&nbsp;Vambola Kisand,&nbsp;Kaupo Kukli,&nbsp;Dana Schonvogel,&nbsp;Peter Wagner,&nbsp;Michaela Wilhelm,&nbsp;Kaido Tammeveski,&nbsp;K. Andreas Friedrich","doi":"10.1155/er/4252866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4252866","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The need for the wider adoption of next-generation energy storage systems due to the usage of renewable energy encourages the development of alternatives to the lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology. Rechargeable zinc–air battery (RZAB) could meet this objective as affordable, safe, and material abundant alternative if suitable non-Pt group metal (PGM) air electrode bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is developed. Herein, we investigate three binary transition metal (TM) combinations (Fe/Co, Fe/Mn, Fe/Cu) for the polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs)-based bifunctional catalyst fabrication. Dicyandiamide (DCDA) was used as a nitrogen source for the dual TM-containing PDC material modification. The highest electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR/OER in 0.1 and 1.0 M KOH was witnessed in the case of Fe/Co-containing material (Fe/Co-PDC-N, ORR/OER potential gap in 0.1 M KOH of 0.87 V), which was also the most promising non-PGM catalyst in the RZAB configuration. Fe/Co-PDC-N showed the maximum power density of 142 mW cm⁻², 46 h lifetime for 10 mA cm⁻² charge–discharge cycling and 97% depth of discharge (DoD). Comparative RZAB measurements were performed with the commercial Pt-Ru/C catalyst drawing attention to the performance enhancement implemented by the RZAB cell design modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4252866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Effect of Implanted Copper Into 1 μm Cadmium Telluride Thick Film by Heat Treatment for Optoelectronics: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties","authors":"International Journal of Energy Research","doi":"10.1155/er/9818306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9818306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>RETRACTION: S. A. Mahmoud, A. F. Al-Hossainy, and E. R. Shaaban, “Effect of Implanted Copper Into 1 µm Cadmium Telluride Thick Film By Heat Treatment For Optoelectronics: Structural, Optical, And Electrical Properties,” <i>International Journal of Energy Research</i> 2021, vol. 45 (14): 20258–20269, https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7110.</p><p>The above article, published online on 09 August 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor, AK Saha; and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. Concerns were raised by a third party of a high level of similarity between this article’s figures and those of an article by the same author group [Mahmoud et al. (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130411] published on 12 April 2021. The editorial office compared the figures from both articles and found that Figures 2 through 8 and their captions were reused from the previous article without proper credit, permission, or explanation within the text. The authors were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation, and therefore the article must be retracted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9818306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Profiles, Optical Absorption, and High Thermoelectric Performance of XCu3GeSe4 (X = K, Rb, Cs): A Computational Approach","authors":"Muhammad Saeed,&nbsp;Rajwali Khan,&nbsp;Khamael M. Abualnaja,&nbsp;Atif Mossad Ali,&nbsp;Kiran Batool,&nbsp;G. Murtaza","doi":"10.1155/er/2992478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2992478","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research examines the structural, electrical, optical, thermoelectric, and elastic characteristics of <i>X</i>Cu₃GeSe₄ (<i>X</i> = K, Rb, Cs) by first-principles calculations. The investigation of electronic band structure verifies the semiconducting characteristics of all three materials, with bandgap values between 0.769 and 1.365 eV. Assessments of optical properties reveal significant absorption in the visible and ultraviolet spectra, rendering these materials appropriate for optoelectronic applications. Thermoelectric study reveals that KCu₃GeSe₄ possesses the figure of merit (ZT), around 0.75 at 900 K, indicating its suitability for thermoelectric applications. The elastic properties indicate mechanical stability, with KCu₃GeSe₄ and RbCu₃GeSe₄ demonstrating superior hardness and stiffness compared to CsCu₃GeSe₄. These findings offer significant insights for optimizing these materials for energy storage, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2992478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145366817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}