International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Impacts of CO2 Emissions, the Kyoto Protocol, and Technology on Clean Energy: How Human Capital and Economic Globalization are Contributing in G-20 Nations","authors":"Ying Cui,&nbsp;Usman Mehmood,&nbsp;Hind Alofaysan","doi":"10.1155/er/3912654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3912654","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Sustainable Development Goals and COP26 targets have made researching the factors influencing renewable energy (RE) more alluring and popular. One drawback is that a key limitation of current research is the lack of understanding of how technological advancement and climatic policy affect the RE is a drawback. Considering this, this work examines the effects of technology and the Kyoto Protocol (KYO), as well as several other control factors, on the RE by using the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) on annual data for the G-18 countries from 2000 to 2019. The quantitative results corroborate the presence of a strong correlation between technological progress and the RE, with a 1% rise in technological progress leading to a 0.215% rise in the RE. When it comes to the RE, the KYO is also quite helpful. This might be because it is based on principles and policies that give priority to advanced and industrialized countries in their efforts to enhance ecological efficiency by increasing RE sources and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. The G-18 authorities may also start providing incentives to invest in green energy enterprises while applying several impediments (such as increased tax rates) on the companies employing conventional, polluting production processes. The report also considers the implications for other areas of policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3912654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density-Based Recovery Followed by Regeneration of Anode Graphite From Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Containing Mixed Battery Types","authors":"Hammad Al-Shammari,&nbsp;Sattam Alharbi,&nbsp;Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir","doi":"10.1155/er/8690843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8690843","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used in modern electronics and electric vehicles, leading to a growing accumulation of spent batteries. Improper disposal poses serious environmental and economic challenges. While most recycling efforts focus on recovering valuable metals such as Li, cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) from cathodes, the anode material—primarily graphite—is often overlooked and discarded, contributing to resource inefficiency. In this study, a practical and sustainable method was developed to recover and regenerate anode graphite from mixed spent LIBs containing diverse chemistries, including Li Co oxide (LCO), Li iron phosphate (LFP), LMO, Ni manganese Co oxide (NMC), and NCA. A density-based separation technique, based on Stokes’ law, was employed to isolate graphite from cathode residues. The separation efficiency was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), both of which revealed a clean and complete separation of graphite. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed sharp diffraction peaks at (002), (100), and (004) planes, indicating high crystallinity and minimal lattice degradation during processing. The recovered graphite was subjected to thermal treatment and evaluated through galvanostatic cycling. The regenerated anode material exhibited a specific capacity of 340 mAh/g, closely matching that of commercial graphite (342 mAh/g), confirming excellent electrochemical performance. These findings demonstrate the viability of regenerating anode materials from mixed battery waste and underscore its role in reducing environmental impact, conserving critical raw materials, and enhancing the sustainability of LIB recycling systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8690843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Design and Deployment of Standalone PV System in Mountain Area in Romania","authors":"Andreea-Mihaela Comșiț,&nbsp;Daniel Tudor Cotfas,&nbsp;Petru Adrian Cotfas","doi":"10.1155/er/1993818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/1993818","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Renewable energy sources are a promising method of generating clean electricity in remote areas. Solar energy is especially useful for isolated communities without access to electricity. Off-grid photovoltaic (PV) systems’ performance depends on the operating conditions and is strongly affected by the environmental conditions. In this research, a standalone PV system is designed and installed in a mountain area in Romania. A family of four is using the system for their daily needs. During the design phase of the system, the electrical needs of the household were evaluated, leading to the conclusion that 18 solar panels of 265 W each and a 58 V lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery with a capacity of 14.7 kWh are sufficient to provide the necessary electrical energy. The performance of the system has been analyzed by collecting data remotely, and the results showed that the system is well designed because the consumers do not remain without electricity, especially in critical weather conditions when the energy production is lower. The system produces less electricity, and the battery is not fully charged on all days in November and December because the solar radiation in these months is low. In the event of battery depletion, the system may experience a power interruption of up to 9 days/month in the month of December.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/1993818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonized and Non-Carbonized Composite Briquettes Developed From Cow Dung and Coffee Husks Agricultural Wastes","authors":"Medard Turyamusiima,&nbsp;Fredrick N. Mutua,&nbsp;Ayor Andrew,&nbsp;Michael Lubwama","doi":"10.1155/er/9995941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9995941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Composite carbonized and non-carbonized briquettes were developed from cow dung (CD) and coffee husks (CHs) under both dry and wet conditions. The performance of these composite briquettes was compared to that of composite briquettes developed using typical cassava starch as a binder. Mechanical and thermal properties of the developed composite briquettes were determined to ascertain the performance of the composite briquettes. Proximate analysis results ranged between 9.6%–17.7%, 18.8%–31.6%, 15.9%–44.6%, and 17.8%–43.3%, for moisture, ash, fixed carbon, and volatile matter, respectively, for the composite briquettes. Composite briquettes with 12% dry CD biochar and 80% CHs biochar had the highest calorific value of 19.76 MJ/kg. The highest drop strength was observed for composite briquettes with 30% wet CD and 70% CH biochar. Composite briquettes developed from 12% CD biochar and 80% CHs biochar had the highest water absorption rate. The thermostep non-isothermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves showed typical thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin for the developed composite briquettes. The results show that wet CD, which is typically a waste material and a potent source of methane gas, is an effective alternative binding agent to cassava starch, which is a source of food, in the development of composite briquettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9995941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Polythiophene-Modified Strontium Ferrite Nanohybrids for Crystal Violet Degradation Under Visible Light","authors":"Shayista Gaffar,&nbsp;S. M. Ashraf,&nbsp;Ufana Riaz","doi":"10.1155/er/8395368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8395368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dye-contaminated wastewater presents a serious environmental challenge, demanding efficient and sustainable treatment methods. Crystal violet (CV) is a water-soluble, toxic, and persistent organic dye that poses serious health risks and contributes significantly to environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of polythiophene (PTh)-decorated SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles as photocatalysts for the efficient and sustainable degradation of CV dye in contaminated wastewater. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR and XRD studies confirmed the successful modification of the SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles with PTh and a progressive decrease in band gap energy with increasing PTh loading, from 2.40 eV for SrFe₁₂O₁₉ to 1.63 eV for 5% PTh/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ (UV–Vis). This reduction in band gap significantly improved light absorption and photocatalytic activity. The 5%-PTh/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanohybrid demonstrated superior performance, achieving 97% CV degradation within 120 min. Degradation products were analyzed using LCMS, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed. The findings not only contribute to the development of eco-friendly, energy-efficient solutions for dye-contaminated water but also pave the way for scalable applications in industrial effluent treatment, addressing a critical environmental challenge and promoting the use of renewable light sources for pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8395368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing the Possible Role of Nuclear Power in Hybrid Energy Systems for Sustainable Development","authors":"Erald Aliko,&nbsp;Jan Emblemsvåg","doi":"10.1155/er/9948447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9948447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Even though renewable energy sources (RESs), such as solar and wind, have their advantages, their intermittent nature and geographical restrictions have raised interest in hybrid energy solutions that improve efficiency and dependability through integrated systems. This study reviews nuclear–renewable hybrid energy systems (Nu-R HESs) that integrate nuclear and renewable energy technologies. The review has selected, analyzed, and critically reviewed 62 journal articles on the research area to clearly and appropriately reveal current trends of simulation and optimization projects, gaps, and future work. The study is organized into analytical categories: system architecture, energy storage solutions (ESSs), software employed, end products, and reliability and economic criteria for optimizing these hybrid systems. Existing research reveals that Nu-R HES effectively addresses renewable intermittency challenges, improves grid stability, and offers economic advantages through shared infrastructure compared to stand-alone systems. The review concludes that small modular reactors (SMRs) are the nuclear technology of choice for Nu-R HES. Their modular integration in Nu-R HES can boost technological innovation and improve performance, while economies of repeated project implementation can lower costs. Further, optimization simulations are mostly implemented through MATLAB, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resource) software, and Modelica language.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9948447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Planning for an Integrating Thermal–CHP–Boiler Units With a High Penetration Wind Farm Considering Economic and Environmental Factors","authors":"Hamid Poshteh,&nbsp;Mohammad Rezvani,&nbsp;Abdolreza Noori Shirazi,&nbsp;Borzou Yousefi","doi":"10.1155/er/9954628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9954628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a novel approach for optimal stochastic economic-emission dispatch in a multisource power system, incorporating thermal, combined heat and power (CHP), boiler units, and wind farms. The main objective is to minimize both operating costs and environmental pollution while considering uncertainties in electrical and heat loads, as well as wind power generation. The study also explores the participation of flexible loads in demand–response programs (DRPs) for both electricity and thermal energy. A hybrid self-adjusting algorithm, hybrid multiobjective gray wolf optimizer–lightning search algorithm (hMOGWO–LSA), is proposed, excelling in comprehensively searching the solution space and avoiding local optima. The optimization results across four sections consistently demonstrate the superior accuracy of hMOGWO–LSA compared to other multiobjective meta-heuristic algorithms. Additionally, the findings show that uncertainties related to unit participation led to increased costs and emissions, but responsive loads in DRPs can mitigate this effect, achieving a 4.5% reduction in both cost and pollution. Sensitivity analysis reveals that uncertainties in power generation (electricity, heat, and wind) significantly impact costs and emissions, with a maximum increase of 14.13% in emissions and 15.41% in costs as uncertainties rise from 5% to 20%.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9954628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEMUS-Nowcast: A Robust Deep Learning Model for Sky Image–Based Short-Term Solar Forecasting Under Adversarial Attacks","authors":"Animesh Sarkar Tusher,&nbsp;M. A. Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Rashidul Islam,&nbsp;Sushanto Bosak,&nbsp;M. J. Hossain","doi":"10.1155/er/8286945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8286945","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate short-term solar power forecasting (nowcasting) facilitated by smart devices and cyberinfrastructure, which uses sky images and artificial intelligence (AI)–based models, is susceptible to cyberattacks. This study investigates the vulnerabilities of deep learning (DL) and artificial neural network (ANN)–based sky image–based nowcasting models to adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method (FGSM), projected gradient descent (PGD), and a mixed attack template, along with proposing a feature extraction–based multi-unit solar (FEMUS)-Nowcast model. Results reveal that adversarial attacks significantly degrade all models’ accuracy and lead them to an unusable state. Moreover, FGSM is found to be the most severe attack, with root mean square error (RMSE) increasing by 5–16 times and mean absolute error (MAE) increasing by 4–12 times compared to the normal scenario under maximum perturbation. As the proposed FEMUS-Nowcast outperforms models of existing literature, reducing RMSE by 48% and 25% under normal conditions, adversarial training is adapted to enhance its robustness in the presence of cyberattacks. Furthermore, adversarially trained (AT) FEMUS-Nowcast shows no RMSE or MAE trade-offs under all scenarios. Additionally, the AT FEMUS-Nowcast model demonstrates high resilience against advanced attacks, including iterative FGSM (I-FGSM) and momentum I-FGSM (MI-FGSM), confirming its reliability and robustness across diverse attack scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8286945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Control Schemes of Pelton Turbines to Increase the Integration of Variable Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"José Ignacio Sarasua Moreno,&nbsp;Ana Fernández-Guillamón,&nbsp;David Carracedo Esteban,&nbsp;Guillermo Martínez-Lucas","doi":"10.1155/er/2931509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2931509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes innovative control schemes for Pelton turbines to improve frequency regulation in isolated power systems with high penetration of variable renewable energy sources (vRESs). Traditionally, Pelton turbine deflectors are used as safety mechanisms; however, this study explores their potential for continuous frequency regulation, alongside the conventional needle control. The proposed strategies, including a deflector-based control and a mixed control (combining both injector as well as deflector actions), aim to address the limitations of traditional methods. The results obtained from dynamic model simulations demonstrate significant improvements in system performance and stability compared with the traditional needle-based control. In particular, the mixed control strategy achieves a balanced solution, minimizing frequency deviations, reducing water losses, and maximizing renewable energy integration. These findings highlight the potential of advanced turbine control to optimize the operation of isolated power systems and support the transition to sustainable energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2931509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SALF: A Self-Adaptive Learning Framework for Short-Term Load Forecasting in Smart Grid","authors":"Muhammad Sajid Iqbal,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali Akbar,&nbsp;Amine Bermak","doi":"10.1155/er/6343205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6343205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The energy sector’s rapid expansion necessitates accurate, dependable, and computationally efficient short-term load forecasting (STLF) models to assure real-time balance between energy supply and demand. However, the stochastic nature of the energy usage and its reliance on changing weather conditions make accurate forecasting difficult. This paper presents an innovative deep learning-based STLF architecture for both residential and commercial applications, which tackles these constraints with three significant innovations. First, it proposes a simple yet efficient data imputation strategy that improves model robustness by handling missing or noisy data. Second, it has a series core fusion (SCF) method in conjunction with a star aggregate-redistribute (STAR) module. Unlike traditional attention methods, which rely on scattered inter-channel interactions, STAR centralizes information aggregation, lowering computing overhead and reducing reliance on individual channel quality, making it a more effective substitute for regular attention layers. Third, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) technique is used to automatically adjust hyperparameters, resulting in an optimal model setup without manual intervention. The proposed model generates minute-level predictions and refines them with a day-type categorization technique (weekday, weekend, holiday). When tested on three real-world benchmark datasets, the proposed framework outperformed state-of-the-art (SOTA) models, lowering root mean square error (RMSE) by 59.41%, mean absolute error (MAE) by 30.58%, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) by 12.5%. Furthermore, the proposed model’s low computational requirements make it suitable for real-time implementation on edge devices. These contributions provide a scalable and economical solution for smart grid operation, microgrid control, and demand-side energy management, therefore advancing the practical application of intelligent forecasting systems in current power systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6343205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}