International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Design of PVDF–g–PAA Binder Endowing High Sulfur Loading With Enhanced Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries","authors":"So-Young Nam,&nbsp;Hong Suk Kang,&nbsp;Hyun-Seung Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Gil Woo,&nbsp;Je-Nam Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/3375897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3375897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have received considerable attention as promising candidates for next-generation batteries because of their high theoretical energy density (≈2600 Wh kg⁻¹). However, despite their abundant active material and high theoretical capacity, the commercialization of Li–S batteries has been hindered by several difficulties such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPS). In this study, we designed poly (vinylidene fluoride)–graft–poly (acrylic acid) (PVDF<i>–g</i>–PAA) as a novel binder to realize high sulfur loading electrodes for Li–S batteries. The synthesis conditions of PVDF<i>–g</i>–PAA were controlled based on its chemical structure, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance. The optimal structure of PVDF<i>–g</i>–PAA exhibited high LiPS adsorption ability compared to that of PVDF, which retained its mechanical properties. Therefore, the unit cell with a high sulfur loading of 5.7 mg cm⁻² fabricated using PVDF<i>–g</i>–PAA yielded a high reversible capacity of 644.1 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Consequently, this study provides a useful approach to improve the cycling performance of Li–S batteries by modifying commercial binders, which demonstrates their practical potential for developing Li–S batteries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3375897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Simulation of Syngas Potential From Supercritical Water Gasification of Combustible Municipal Solid Waste Materials","authors":"Kanlanféi Sambiani,&nbsp;Yendoubé Lare,&nbsp;Satyanarayana Narra,&nbsp;Adamou Zanguina,&nbsp;Rakshak Kumar","doi":"10.1155/er/6039763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6039763","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has threatened human health and the environment while being a renewable energy source for green energy transition. Traditional waste-to-energy technologies have shown their limits in terms of energy efficiency and pollution, whereas numerous studies were conducted on “supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology to achieve a neutral carbon footprint. However, there is limited research and a lack of knowledge on SCWG of different combustible municipal solid waste (CMSW) materials. Hence, this study aimed to assess the gasification efficiencies and syngas potential from SCWG of different CMSW materials, composed of putrescible, miscellaneous combustible (MC), plastic, textile, and paper&amp;cardboard, through modeling and simulation in Aspen Plus. The energy content and greenhouse gas (GHG) potential of predicted syngas composed of H₂, CH₄, CO, and CO₂ were assessed under optimal operating conditions obtained through sensitivity analysis. As a result, the temperature of 650°C, pressure of 22 MPa, and waste-to-water ratio of 1:5 were optimal conditions with temperature being the most influencing parameter on the gasification. Moreover, putrescible achieved the lowest gasification efficiency (GE), carbon gasification efficiency (CE), hydrogen gasification efficiency (HE), and energy recovery (ER) of 83.379%, 99.981%, 25.629%, and 8.657%, respectively, with the lowest high heating value (HHV) of 0.94 MJ/kg, low heating value (LHV) of 0.80 MJ/kg, and GHG potential of 0.002 kg CO₂ eq. The highest CE (100.013%) and ER (243.067%) were obtained from textile and paper&amp;cardboard, respectively, while the highest GE (155.165%) and HE (140.213%) were obtained from plastic. Plastic showed the highest energy content, with an HHV of 42.98 MJ/kg and LHV of 38.30 MJ/kg, along with the highest GHG potential (15.788 kg CO₂ eq), attributed to its inherent high yields of H₂ and CH₄. Therefore, decision-makers could consider syngas recovery from SCWG of CMSW to mitigate environmental pollution and offset fossil fuel dependency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6039763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Energy Sharing and Management Between Cross-Harbour Zero-Emission Buildings Based on a Combination of Electric Ferries and Deck-on Electric Vehicles With Grid Integrations","authors":"Shijie Zhou,&nbsp;Xinman Guo,&nbsp;Sunliang Cao","doi":"10.1155/er/9606817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9606817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The current challenge in zero-emission buildings lies in aligning renewable energy sources with energy consumption, which needs to be addressed. Excessive mismatch can affect the performance of zero-emission buildings and the stability of the electricity grid. Energy sharing emerges as a viable solution to optimise energy distribution effectively. In this study, based on a cross-harbour zero-energy system consisting of dual broad-scale harbour buildings, one electric vehicle ferry and 10 electric vehicles, we study the enhancement of the original energy sharing of the system and the impact on the system performance by exploring the vehicle-to-building interactions of the electric ferry and electric vehicles. Three scenarios were examined to compare energy performance: electric vehicles operating with and without vehicle-to-building functionality alongside all submarine cables and the inclusion of vehicle-to-building functions with the removal of an intermediate submarine cable. The energy-matching performance of the system is enhanced in scenarios where vehicle-to-building functionality has been incorporated. The enhancement results in a maximum percentage increase in NPV_rel of 0.22% and a maximum value of 3.77 × 10⁶ HKD. When electric ferries and cars became pivotal for energy sharing, the percentage of techno-economic enhancement increased. Communication time and available capacity of vehicles were two parameters limiting the enhancement of energy sharing. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of this study in realising the feasibility of cross-harbour zero-emission ferry terminals through hybrid ocean energy systems. Meanwhile, energy sharing is realised through submarine cables to make full use of renewable energy generation. Incorporating electric ferries and electric cars with vehicle-to-building functions can enhance energy sharing. Therefore, this study’s contribution based on the scientific gap is summarised.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9606817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Business Assessment of Remanufacturing Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel","authors":"Ziyad Tariq Abdullah,&nbsp;Julie Anne Glasscock","doi":"10.1155/er/6620268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6620268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>To replace fossil diesel, biodiesel is produced by the transesterification of vegetable oils. To improve the environmental sustainability, biodiesel can be produced using waste cooking oil (WCO). To highlight to broad relevance of this process, we analyzed the sustainability of WCO-derived biodiesel based on commercial industrial-scale machinery and compared representative plant designs with biodiesel productivities of 5–30 t/day. The technical feasibility was analyzed in terms of productivity, operating costs, power consumption, land footprint, machine delivery cost, number of workers, and diesel consumption. The economic sustainability was evaluated in terms of the cost-to-profit ratio, cost and profit per ton of biodiesel, and daily profit. The environmental sustainability was quantified in terms of the amounts of WCO and produced biodiesel and the energy and CO₂ emissions avoided by remanufacturing. The social sustainability (potential for human development) was analyzed in terms of the number of workers and labor costs. The required remanufacturing technology is considered sufficiently mature and the proposed process minimizes the amount of WCO sent to landfill and avoids the use of new resources for producing diesel, thereby satisfying technical and environmental sustainability requirements, respectively. Although remanufactured biodiesel is more expensive to produce than diesel, a profit range of 3423–27,525 USD/day is achievable. Significant CO₂ emissions can be prevented by remanufacturing WCO, for example, 7–23.1 Mt/year in China and 7.1–23.2 Mt/year in India. High technical, environmental, economic, and social feasibility indexes of 0.99, 0.92, 0.98, and 0.99, respectively, were calculated, giving a high overall sustainability index (SI) of 0.98, highlighting the broad sustainability of the evaluated process. To improve the applicability of the results, the analysis method could be replicated using local metrics to tailor the conclusions to suit the specific requirements of a certain city or country, considering the additional limitations of local taxes, regulations, and incentives.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6620268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Aspects of Entropy Generation in Magnetized Mixed Convection Sutterby Nanoliquid Flow With Chemical Reaction","authors":"Mujeeb ur Rahman,&nbsp;Fazal Haq,&nbsp;Hassan Ali Ghazwani,&nbsp;Jihad Younis,&nbsp;Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani,&nbsp;Ali Alnujaie,&nbsp;Mohammed Y. Tharwan","doi":"10.1155/er/9310834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9310834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Entropy generation (EG) is intrinsically linked with irreversibilities present within a thermodynamical system, signifying energy losses, mainly in the context of fluid friction and heat transfer. In systems characterized by nanofluid flow, such as those utilized in cooling applications, microelectronics, and heat exchangers, the reduction of EG is essential for augmenting energy efficiency by alleviating these losses. In this communication, mixed convection flow of Sutterby nanoliquid by a porous stretched sheet along with irreversibility is analyzed. The momentum equation is reported by taking mixed convection and magnetic field impacts. Dissipation, Lorentz force, and radiation influences are taken in the development of heat transport relation. The expression for concentration is described by taking the chemical reaction effect. Thermodynamics second law is employed to describe entropy. The partial differential equations (PDEs) indicating the flow phenomenon are altered into self-similar form via transformations. The NDSolve function of Mathematica package is availed to solve the self-similar system. The impact of sundry variables on concentration, velocity, Bejan quantity, irreversibility, and thermal field is analyzed graphically. Engineering quantities are discussed numerically. The results reveal that the velocity profile upsurges for higher thermal buoyancy parameter, while it decays for raising magnetic variable. For raising values of Eckert number temperature upsurges, while it decays for an upturn in Prandtl number. Entropy is more for superior values of diffusion and radiation variables.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9310834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques in Ultratight Reservoirs Through Coreflooding Experiments","authors":"Xiao Hu,&nbsp;Aihua Yan,&nbsp;Zaihe Chen,&nbsp;Jun Xie,&nbsp;Haijian Zhang,&nbsp;Kexin Yang,&nbsp;Haitao Liu,&nbsp;M. Mehdi Shafieezadeh","doi":"10.1155/er/6618774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6618774","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study explores the efficacy of various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, including water alternating gas (WAG), gas alternating water (GAW), alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP), and chemical WAG (CWAG) injections. Through coreflooding tests and analysis, we assess their effectiveness in mobilizing and displacing trapped oil in reservoirs. Our findings reveal significant novelty in the chemical methods developed, particularly in CWAG injection strategies, which achieved remarkable oil recovery factors. Specifically, WAG injection demonstrated superior performance, with a maximum oil recovery factor of 64.5%, attributable to water’s higher displacement efficiency. ASP injections also emerged as a promising method, achieving a maximum oil recovery factor of 69.5%, offering comparable recovery to traditional techniques while enhancing sweep efficiency. Furthermore, advanced CWAG injection strategies showcased significant improvements, with CWAG1, CWAG2, CWAG3, and CWAG4 achieving oil recovery factors of 73.5%, 76%, 82%, and 93%, respectively. These insights highlight the critical role of chemical formulation, injection sequence, and optimization techniques in maximizing oil recovery, thereby, contributing to sustainable resource management and economic viability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6618774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, Environmental, and Economic Feasibility Assessment of Solar Adsorption Cooling System Under Different Climate Conditions in China","authors":"Degen Zhou,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang,&nbsp;Xunfeng Li,&nbsp;Xiulan Huai,&nbsp;Min Xu","doi":"10.1155/er/5377062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5377062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The ever-increasing cooling demands in China give rise to huge impact on power grid and lead to massive CO₂ emissions, exacerbating ecological issues, such as global warming. It is urgent to develop clean, environmental friendly, and low-carbon refrigeration technology to achieve decarbonization in the cooling process. This work aims to evaluate the application potential of a solar adsorption cooling (SADC) system based on a novel aluminophosphate adsorbent in various climatic zones of China through TRNSYS simulation. For a comprehensive evaluation, solar absorption cooling (SABC) and vapor compression cooling systems are selected as reference systems. Energy, environment, and economy analyses of SADC are conducted in 12 representative Chinese cities. The results show that the studied solar adsorption system outperforms in energy conservation and emission reduction, particularly in hotter zones, where it can save up to 23% of primary energy and reduce at most 46% of CO₂ emission per year compared to vapor compression cycle. Meanwhile, the system demonstrates strong economic benefits and market competitiveness in hotter zones. Moreover, the proposed system shows higher energy efficiency and faster response speed than SABC system, especially in zones with moderate solar energy resources. The performances make the proposed system a practical alternative to realize near-zero-carbon refrigeration powered by renewable energy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5377062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time State of Charge Estimation for Tri-Electrode Rechargeable Zinc–Air Flow Batteries via Pulse Response","authors":"Woranunt Lao-atiman,&nbsp;Pornchai Bumroongsri,&nbsp;Sorin Olaru,&nbsp;Soorathep Kheawhom","doi":"10.1155/er/9928721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9928721","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is essential for the optimal operation of batteries. However, to achieve such accuracy remains challenging for tri-electrode rechargeable zinc–air flow batteries (TRZAFBs) due to their flat voltage profiles. This study presents an innovative SOC identification technique based on the optimization of battery model parameters derived from pulse response data. Model parameters are extracted from pulse steps within the experimental data, establishing correlations between these parameters and SOC. Such correlations are then utilized as constraints in the optimization process. Results indicate that the slope of total resistance effectively identifies SOC with acceptable accuracy. The proposed method is further enhanced by integrating it with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to enable real-time SOC estimation. Various initial SOC guess conditions and optimization frequencies are tested, demonstrating that EKF combined with the proposed optimization technique accurately tracks the true SOC in real-time and effectively corrects the incorrect initial SOC guesses. Additionally, the results show that the proposed technique can compete with other alternative methods in terms of multiple-cycle stability and surpass them in terms of convergence of true SOC for zinc–air batteries (ZABs).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9928721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Gamma Ray Irradiation on Physicochemical Characteristics and Leaching Behaviors of Spent Radioactive Anion Exchange Resin","authors":"Seung Joo Lim,&nbsp;Wang-Kyu Choi,&nbsp;Mansoo Choi,&nbsp;Seonbyeong Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Hun Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/8580010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8580010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Gamma ray irradiation of spent anion exchange resins resulted in significant physicochemical changes. The poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) backbone underwent oxidation, leading to the formation of various oxygen bonds. Damage to the functional group was confirmed by the decomposition and oxidation of the quaternary ammonium group. Oxygen in the air was grafted on PS-DVB backbone at 300 kGy. Both grafting and crosslinking occurred simultaneously at 500 kGy but more active crosslinking reactions. In contrast, at 700 kGy, degradation became predominant over grafting and crosslinking. Thermal analysis showed elevated decomposition temperature and increased residual products, indicating highly crosslinking reactions with escalating radiation dose. The substantial release of cobalt ions and organic substances is observed in the irradiated anion exchange resins. The disposal of spent resins in a radioactive waste facility carries a substantial risk of leaching complexing agents and complexed radioactive isotopes, underscoring the importance of radioactive waste management to minimize environmental hazards. The insights gained from this study are crucial for informing the development of effective risk mitigation strategies and ensuring the safe, long-term containment of radioactive materials in disposal sites.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8580010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Material-Derived Activated Carbon for Eco-Friendly Mulberry Paper Supercapacitor","authors":"Yurim Han,&nbsp;Hyungsub Yoon,&nbsp;Jun Young Cheong,&nbsp;Byungil Hwang","doi":"10.1155/er/8791702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8791702","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Paper has gained increasing attention as promising flexible substrate for deformable energy storage systems. However, since low mechanical strength and chemical resistance of commercial paper limited its practical application, mulberry paper (MP) has alternatively studied, which exhibits high holocellulose content, hydrophilicity, and strong bonding with active material. Herein, we prepared activated carbon (AC) using a one of common waste, orange peel (OP), and coated it on MP with additional coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), thereby, fabricating hybrid-coated MP for supercapacitor. The prepared AC exhibited enlarged surface area from 1.774 to 986.010 m²/g, and increased total pore volume of 0.639 cm³/g. Furthermore, additional coating of pseudocapacitive material enhanced electrochemical performance. Specific areal capacitance increased approximately 2.3 times, especially showing 78.95 ± 3.04 mF/cm² under scan rate of 100 mV/s. Moreover, fabricated electrode exhibited enhanced energy density of 3.01 µW h/cm² at current density of 0.5 mA/cm², thereby, complementing low energy density of electric double layer (EDL) capacitive material. This approach, which combines biomass-derived AC and MP with hybrid PEDOT:PSS coating, presents a promising pathway for next-generation sustainable energy storage systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8791702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}