International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Performance of Dielectric Fluids in a Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon","authors":"Hyunjun Sun,&nbsp;Jungwoo Kim,&nbsp;Dong Kyou Park,&nbsp;Kwon-Yeong Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/9954824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9954824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study experimentally evaluated the thermal performance of two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCTs) using dielectric fluids. Experimental results showed that HFE-7100 and HFE-7200 exhibit maximum allowable powers that are up to 78.2% and 80% lower than that of DI water. These results were obtained under the condition of FR of 0.25. At this condition, the confinement numbers for DI water, HFE-7100, and HFE-7200 were 0.247, 0.087, and 0.090. However, dielectric fluids demonstrated more stable operation by preventing the geyser boiling phenomenon. Particularly, HFE-7100 exhibited the lowest thermal resistance below 130 W heat inputs. These findings are expected to provide a valuable foundation for developing high-efficiency cooling technologies for high-power electronics and energy systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9954824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu-BTC Metal–Organic Framework@Ti3C2Tx MXene for Radioactive Uranium Sequestration in an Aqueous Solution","authors":"Bolam Kim,&nbsp;Kamakshaiah Charyulu Devarayapalli,&nbsp;Dae Sung Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/7143027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/7143027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Radioactive uranium is an essential element for nuclear power production, yet the discharge of untreated uranium-containing wastewater presents a significant environmental challenge. In this study, a Cu-BTC metal–organic framework (MOF) decorated Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene (Cu-BTC@MXene) was synthesized via a one-step co-precipitation method for uranium removal from aqueous solutions. The combination of Cu-BTC and Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene demonstrated improved uranium adsorption capacity compared to pristine Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i> MXene and Cu-BTC alone, owing to an increased specific surface area (1494.1 m² g⁻¹) and the introduction of various functional groups. The Cu-BTC@MXene achieved complete uranium removal within 60 min, exhibiting a significantly higher uranium removal efficiency than previously reported MXene-based adsorbents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that the superior adsorption performance of Cu-BTC@MXene was primarily attributed to electrostatic attraction, the complexation of −COOH groups and Ti sites, ion exchange between copper and uranium, and cation–π interactions. The adsorption behavior conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that chemisorption is the dominant mechanism in uranium adsorption by Cu-BTC@MXene. Additionally, Cu-BTC@MXene maintained high uranium adsorption efficiency in the presence of various ions and across different water resources. These findings highlight the potential of the synthesized Cu-BTC@MXene as a promising adsorbent for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/7143027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a Sustainable Novel Double Absorber Perovskite Solar Cell Using CsSnI3 and La2NiMnO6: A Strategy to Achieve 32.73% Efficiency","authors":"Basra Sultana,&nbsp;Md Masum Mia,&nbsp;Lamia Ben Farhat,&nbsp;Ameni Brahmia,&nbsp;Okba Saidani,&nbsp;Md. Ferdous Rahman","doi":"10.1155/er/6693434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6693434","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study focuses on improving device performance by introducing an innovative double perovskite active layer (DPAL). The proposed design incorporates a DPAL made of CsSnI₃ and La₂NiMnO₆ (LNMO), combined with a tungsten disulfide (WS₂) electron transport layer (ETL). Using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator Structures (SCAPS-1D) software tool, a novel double absorber solar cell was computationally analyzed. Comparative results show that the DPAL-based perovskite solar cell (PSC) outperforms single active layer PSCs. The study also investigates how factors, such as active layer thickness, defect density, and interface defects affect performance, along with the influence of temperature and doping density on efficiency. The proposed design achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.73%, with a short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_SC) of 36.51 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) of 1.05 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 85.28%. In comparison, single absorber designs based on LNMO and CsSnI₃ yield PCEs of 20.26% and 30.57%, respectively. This DPAL-based solar cell shows great potential for advancing highly efficient PSC development in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6693434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Energy Analysis of Solar Water Heating Plant in Area of High Solar Radiation: Case of Study in Northern Chile","authors":"Svetlana Ushak,&nbsp;Stephan Pierre Louis,&nbsp;Sergio Pablo,&nbsp;Paula E. Marín,&nbsp;M. Judith Cruz,&nbsp;Mario Grageda","doi":"10.1155/er/9912440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9912440","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study focuses on the analysis of the efficiency and the energy performance of a solar water heating (SWH) plant located in the North of Chile, characterized by an instantaneous global solar radiation reaching around 1000 W/m². The methodology combined experimental measurements in an indirect active solar system with systematic variations in operating parameters, including the evaluation of different flow rates in both the primary and secondary circuits, a comparative analysis of storage system volumes (100 L vs. 200 L) and an assessment of domestic hot water (DHW) consumption management. Precise temperature and flow rate measurements were used to determine performance indicators such as collector efficiency, charging efficiency, and overall plant efficiency. The experimental results reveal that the higher flow rates translate into greater efficiency, reaching a 72% with a flow rate of the 0.63 m³/h compared to the 46% obtained with a flow rate of the 0.35 m³/h. Also, under similar operating conditions, the larger capacity tank (200 L) reaches a lower maximum temperature during the charging (60°C vs. 75°C for the tank of 100 L). However, despite the lower temperature reached, the largest capacity tank (200 L) manages to recover 55% more of DHW. This analysis highlights the importance of considering the efficiency, the storage capacity, and the consumption management to optimize SWH systems in environments with high solar radiation, such as Northern Chile. Furthermore, the exploration of innovative technologies, such as the use of phase change materials (PCM), is suggested to further improve the efficiency of the thermal storage system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9912440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Prediction of Local Mean Age of Air for Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems Using Permutation Feature Importance","authors":"Sanghun Shin,&nbsp;Keuntae Baek,&nbsp;Hongyun So","doi":"10.1155/er/3878472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/3878472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Prediction of local mean age of air (MAA) is a key technology that can enhance the comfort, health, and productivity of indoor residents by adjusting and optimizing the indoor environmental conditions. In this study, we developed a deep neural network (DNN)-based regression model to predict indoor air quality (IAQ) and proposed a permutation feature importance (PFI)-based explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model to implement efficient ventilation systems in a hospital ward utilizing this regression model. The rapid prediction of the MAA in the space near each patient in the ward, depending on the location of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) inlets and fluid velocity, were successfully measured through data-driven deep learning model training. Consequently, the proposed MAA prediction model achieved average <i>R</i>-squared values of 0.9506 and 0.9220 for MAA₁ and MAA₂, respectively. In addition, the DNN model demonstrated rapid predictive performance (~0.4 ms/prediction), highlighting the possibility of real-time monitoring compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the contribution of the location and fluid velocity of the HVAC system to the MAA in the space near the patient was analyzed using PFI. These results support the rapid virtual sensing and recommendation method that has the potential to be applied in future IAQ management, human healthcare, and energy management systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/3878472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling a Novel CsSnI3 and CsSnGeI3 Double Absorber Perovskite Solar Cell","authors":"Md. Ferdous Rahman,&nbsp;Rihan Akter,&nbsp;Md. Faruk Hossain,&nbsp;Nacer Badi,&nbsp;Ahmad Irfan","doi":"10.1155/er/1804390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/1804390","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The demanding need for sustainable energy solutions has driven notable progress in solar cell technology, with perovskite solar cells (PSCs) emerging as a promising option. This research introduces a novel method to boost PSC efficiency by incorporating a double perovskite active layer (DPAL) design featuring CsSnGeI₃ and CsSnI₃ having energy bandgap of 1.5 and 1.3 eV, respectively. Through comprehensive simulation and optimization applying SCAPS-1D software, this work investigates the effects of absorber layer thickness, defect density, and doping concentration on the photovoltaic (PV) performance of the proposed PSCs. The results reveal that the DPAL structure (FTO/PCBM/CsSnGeI₃/CsSnI₃/Au) achieves impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.31%, significantly surpassing single absorber designs. The optimized configuration exhibits a short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_SC) of 35.31 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) of 1.01 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 87.63%. In comparison, CsSnGeI₃ and CsSnI₃-based single absorbers achieved PCEs of 27.33% and 28.10%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of the DPAL approach in enhancing light absorption, charge carrier separation, and transport. This study not only deepens the understanding of PSC design and optimization but also lays the groundwork for advanced solar cells designed to achieve higher efficiency and greater environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/1804390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Waste Biomass-Derived Hydrochar by Hydrothermal Carbonization for Solid Biofuel Production","authors":"Januario Da Costa Hossi,&nbsp;Michael Wark,&nbsp;Kevin Graham Harding","doi":"10.1155/er/8452650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8452650","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Energy catalyzes economic development, with research into energy technologies essential for identifying alternatives that could mitigate against the reliance on fossil energy and its aggravating environmental impacts. This study explored the conversion of food waste (FW) biomass into hydrochar achieved via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. The research focused on evaluating the merits and demerits of using mixed FW feedstock, especially rice, potatoes, vegetables, and/or animal byproducts such as meat and fish at varying water-to-biomass ratios and through the implementation of water recirculation in the HTC process. This approach aimed to decrease water consumption while assessing its impact on the fuel characteristics of the resultant hydrochar. The hydrochar produced demonstrated an enhanced carbon content, which is conducive to combustion, while also exhibiting improved fuel properties such as elevated heating values, improved energy densities, and reduced volatile components. Conditions exceeding 200°C, with a reaction time of 6 h, were found to be sufficient to attain an average carbon content of above 70% and a heating value of around 30 MJ/kg. Moreover, decreasing the water-to-biomass ratio enabled a reduction in initial water usage by up to 50%, without significantly impairing the carbon content and fuel attributes of the hydrochar. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a comparatively elevated combustion temperature of 600°C for the hydrochar generated at an HTC temperature of 220°C, which corresponded with a substantial increase in the carbon content of hydrochar up to 70.65% from initial 48% in the parent biomass. Consequently, the hydrochar generated from FW under different HTC reaction conditions, including water volume reduction and recirculation, demonstrated the potential for minimal water consumption. This method represents a promising strategy for enhancing HTC as a renewable energy technology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8452650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of F Doping and CNT Incorporation in ZnMn2O4 Cathode Materials to Achieve High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"Boram Lee,&nbsp;Min Gu Kang,&nbsp;Shin Ae Song,&nbsp;Ju Young Woo,&nbsp;Jeong Cheol Seo,&nbsp;Yongho Choa,&nbsp;Yun-Seok Jun,&nbsp;Wook Ahn,&nbsp;Sung Nam Lim","doi":"10.1155/er/5520873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5520873","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Mn-based materials are promising cathode candidates for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) because of their high-voltage platforms, environmental friendliness, and nontoxicity. However, their practical applications are limited by the rapid capacity decay caused by their slow electrochemical reaction kinetics and intrinsically poor conductivity. In this study, <i>F</i>-doped ZnMn₂O₄ (ZMO) (F-ZMO) microspheres incorporated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized and investigated to overcome these limitations. <i>F</i>-doping induced structural modifications by generating oxygen defects, which improved the ion diffusion and electronic conductivity. In addition, it improved the structure stability owing to the formation of strong metal-<i>F</i> bonds. These doping effects led to enhanced rate performance and cycle stability. Furthermore, the incorporation of CNTs complemented the insufficient electrical conductivity of the cathode material. The resulting F-ZMO/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites exhibited superior charge–transfer kinetics. Consequently, they achieved an enhanced discharge capacity of 122.2 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 2.0 A g⁻¹, demonstrating significantly improved performance compared to those of ZMO and ZMO/CNT. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of <i>F</i>-doping and CNT incorporation in enhancing the electrochemical properties of ZMO cathodes and provide critical insights into the development of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5520873","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Design of a Micro Nuclear Energy System With Integrated Heat Pipe Cooled Reactor and Molten Salt Heat Storage","authors":"Dong Huang,&nbsp;Fanchen Li,&nbsp;Youqi Zheng","doi":"10.1155/er/6804154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6804154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Micro nuclear energy system has the advantages of low investment and flexible deployment, which contribute to wide application prospects. However, in comparison to the large nuclear power plants, micro nuclear energy system is situated closer to users and requires higher safety performance. This paper proposes a new conceptual design of a micro nuclear energy system with high thermal inertia. It is based on a heat pipe cooled reactor and an integrated heat storage system along with a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂) Brayton cycle. The system can achieve 34.45% energy conversion efficiency and 1.2 MW electric power output. A heat pipe cooled reactor with uranium dioxide (UO₂) fuel and sodium heat pipe was designed. It was connected by the condensation section of heat pipes to a molten salt heat storage system. The SCO₂ Brayton cycle was used to ensure a compact system layout. Using a newly developed analysis platform, three transient conditions including the load reduction, reactivity insertion, and loss of heat sink were discussed. The results indicate that, with the intermediate heat storage, the micro nuclear energy system has better tolerance of the transient thermal shocks. The peak temperature in the core is reduced for all conditions. Particularly in the process of loss of heat sink, the peak temperature in the core can be reduced by more than 70 K.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6804154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic Liquid-Protected Edge Plane of Graphite to Overcome Initial Irreversible Capacity Loss for Improved Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hui Gyeong Park,&nbsp;Chi Keung Song,&nbsp;Jongchul Lim,&nbsp;Woo-Jin Song,&nbsp;Jung-Soo Lee","doi":"10.1155/er/8122951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8122951","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered indispensable in contemporary life because of their appropriate power density, rechargeability, and exceptional energy density. In recent decades, the crucial role of graphite (Gt) as the primary material for LIB anodes has been established. Although extensive research has been conducted to find alternatives with higher power and energy densities, Gt continues to be selected as the predominant material for commercial LIBs. During the operation of LIBs, the Gt reacts with the electrolyte to form a solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI). This complex and structurally disordered SEI layer acts as a barrier that suppresses undesirable reactions but also increases resistance, which in turn affects the LIB performance. Ionic liquids (ILs) are providing a promising solution for improving LIB performance owing to their nonflammability, low vapor pressure, tunability, and large electrochemical window. In this study, we examined the functionalization of Gt edges by employing 4-bromobenzoic acid (4BAc) via a direct Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in a polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;) medium. Additionally, we investigated the attachment of IL monomers to modified Gt to control the SEI layer formation. Our research findings demonstrated that IL-modified Gt exhibit significantly improved electrochemical cycle stability and durability, effectively addressing the capacity degradation and limitations of conventional Gt anodes “to” LIBs, indispensable in modern life, owe their ubiquity to their high energy density, rechargeability, and optimal power performance. Among anode materials, Gt has remained the cornerstone of commercial LIBs for decades due to its stability and cost-effectiveness. Despite extensive efforts to identify superior alternatives with enhanced power and energy densities, Gt’s dominance persists. However, during LIB operation, Gt reacts with electrolytes to form a structurally disordered SEI layer. While this layer prevents undesirable side reactions, it also increases resistance, thereby limiting LIB performance. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to address these challenges by functionalizing Gt edges using 4BAc via a direct Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in a PPA/P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; medium. Furthermore, IL monomers were grafted onto the modified Gt surface to regulate SEI layer formation. This dual-functionalization strategy uniquely leverages the nonflammability, tunability, and wide electrochemical window of ILs to enhance anode performance. Our findings reveal that IL-modified Gt significantly improves electrochemical cycle stability and durability, mitigating capacity degradation, and resistance issues associated with conventional Gt anodes. This work offers a groundbreaking pathway to overcoming key limitations in LIB technology, advancing the development of next-generation energy storage systems.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8122951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}