International Journal of Energy Research最新文献

{"title":"Techno-Economic and Sustainability Assessment of a Novel Waste Heat Recovery of Carbon Black Plant Integrated With a Steam Plant","authors":"Ayeyemi Ajegunle,&nbsp;Peter Aigba,&nbsp;Olusegun D. Samuel,&nbsp;Joseph Oyekale,&nbsp;Benjamin U. Oreko,&nbsp;Christopher C. Enweremadu,&nbsp;Prabhu Paramasivam,&nbsp;Larry Orobome Agberegha,&nbsp;H. Fayaz","doi":"10.1155/er/6905764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/6905764","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This study investigates carbon black (CB) production challenges, including high energy usage and waste of heat sources, by proposing a waste heat energy recovery concept to increase the sustainability of this energy-intensive and environmentally impactful process. The research involves a novel integration of a steam power plant (STP) with an industrial CB plant (CBP) using Aspen Plus simulation software. Comparative exergetic performance analyses of the system were conducted with this tool, while the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was used to evaluate the exergoeconomic modelling of the plant. Additionally, environmental sustainability indicators were determined. The integrated plant system delivered CB capacity of 1817 kg/s, converted 98.03% of CB feedstocks with a purification value of 99.25% and produced 195 MW of electricity, significantly improving plant efficiency. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies for the integrated system are computed as 98.75% and 80.40%, respectively, with the STP contributing to the overall plant improvement. About 50% of the produced exergy was destroyed, with the CB combustor accounting for 48% of the combined plant exergetic destruction. Despite a substantial waste–exergy ratio from CBP, the integration of the STP increased the system’s exergetic sustainability index (ESI) by 18%. The exergoeconomic analysis highlighted the highest cost of destruction in the combustor and evaluated the evaporator as the least exergoeconomic factor driver. Components with potential exergetic and cost destruction improvements were identified. In conclusion, integrating power generation units with CB production plants can markedly reduce thermal heat waste in the CBP and enhance integrated plant environmental performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/6905764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Safety Assessment of Hydrogen: From Production to Application in Energy Systems","authors":"Ahmed Nazmus Sakib,&nbsp;Tashfiqul Islam,&nbsp;Philip M. Resnick,&nbsp;A. K. M. Ahsanul Habib,&nbsp;Sadikur Rahman Chowdhury","doi":"10.1155/er/8857513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8857513","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In the quest for sustainable and clean energy alternatives to fossil fuels, hydrogen emerges as a front-runner due to its high energy yield and environmentally friendly combustion byproduct, water. This study delves into the comprehensive lifecycle of hydrogen energy, from its production through various methods, storage, and transportation, to its multifaceted applications in energy systems, with a pivotal focus on safety considerations. It meticulously examines the inherent risks associated with hydrogen, such as its propensity for embrittlement in metals and the explosive dangers it poses under certain conditions, presenting a detailed risk assessment framework. This review uniquely integrates lifecycle safety considerations across hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and application, addressing critical gaps in risk assessment frameworks, material resilience strategies, and policy standardization—an approach not yet covered in the existing literature. It highlights case studies and real-world incidents that underline the importance of rigorous safety protocols and innovative technological solutions to mitigate risks. Concluding with forward-looking recommendations, this study emphasizes the essential role of ongoing research and development in enhancing hydrogen safety mechanisms, regulatory standards, and public perception. It calls for a collaborative effort among scientists, engineers, policymakers, and the public to address the safety challenges head-on, paving the way for hydrogen to become a cornerstone of the global transition to renewable energy sources. Through this comprehensive analysis, the article contributes significantly to the academic and practical discourse on hydrogen energy, positioning safety as a critical factor in realizing hydrogen’s full potential as a sustainable energy sector.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8857513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring of Wind Energy Potential and Optimal Site Selection for Wind Energy Plants Installations in Erzurum/Turkey Based on Multicriteria Site Selection","authors":"Gökhan Şahin,&nbsp;Ahmet Koç,&nbsp;Sülem Şenyiğit Doğan,&nbsp;Sabir Rustemli,&nbsp;Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark","doi":"10.1155/er/2629977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/2629977","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Wind energy is a renewable, sustainable, and localized power source. These features motivate countries to adopt wind turbines, with many nations employing incentives to enhance the installed capacity of these systems. The selection of locations for wind turbine installations is crucial for optimizing turbine performance and augmenting installed capacity. This study examined 20 distinct places in the province of Erzurum as potential locations for the development of wind power installations. This research identified prospective locations for the development of wind power facilities in Erzurum, Turkey, employing a geographic information-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology and a geographic information system (GIS). The plan incorporated topographical, structural, climatic, and environmental factors, including wind velocity, land cover classification, gradient, closeness to land and substations, transportation networks, communities, fault lines, power grids, and erosion areas. A wind farm suitability map was created using a weighted process questionnaire and assessed criteria maps, employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The result map shows that 83.052% of the total area is designated as favorable, while 15.858% is rated as most favorable. This study highlighted the erosion criterion for the first time. This investigation utilized 17 criteria. The aim is to locate a wind power facility in a more suitable site by employing these characteristics. In district-level evaluations of the wind power plant suitability map, İspir province occupies the top position.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/2629977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Design and Simulation Study of the Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reactor in the Thermochemical Iodine–Sulfur Cycle for Hydrogen Production","authors":"Jinxu Zhang,&nbsp;Junjie Zeng,&nbsp;Yong He,&nbsp;Wenlong Song,&nbsp;Wubin Weng,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1155/er/5548914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5548914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Hydrogen, as a zero-carbon energy carrier, plays a pivotal role in global decarbonization efforts. The iodine–sulfur (I–S) thermochemical cycle stands out for its high efficiency and scalability in water-splitting hydrogen production, with the hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition reaction being the critical step governing overall hydrogen yield. Existing HI decomposition reactors often rely on energy-intensive electric heating, which compromises system efficiency and economic viability. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel shell-and-tube heat exchanger reactor utilizing high-temperature helium gas as a sustainable heat source, integrated with a catalytic reaction zone employing activated carbon. The reactor combines a preheating section and a catalytic decomposition section to optimize heat transfer and reaction kinetics. Using Ansys Fluent–based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the impacts of structural parameters (reactor length, tube diameter, and residence time) and operational conditions (helium flow rate) on HI conversion efficiency were systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that increasing helium flow rate (up to 60 kg/h), reactor length (1450 mm), and tube diameter (38 mm) significantly enhances HI decomposition rates, achieving a 27.28% conversion efficiency and 1.364 Nm³/h hydrogen output. Notably, tube diameter emerged as the most influential design parameter due to its dual role in heat transfer area and residence time modulation. This work provides actionable insights for scaling energy-efficient HI decomposition reactors, advancing the industrial implementation of the I–S cycle for sustainable hydrogen production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5548914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of Illuminance, Heating, and Cooling Setpoints in Office Buildings Using a Fuzzy-Based Approach","authors":"Hamed Bagheri-Esfeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Setayandeh","doi":"10.1155/er/9184770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9184770","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>This article introduces a novel optimization approach grounded in fuzzy logic, which transforms the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective one. Instead of providing a Pareto front, this method delivers a final optimal point based on predefined design priorities. The proposed methodology is applied to optimize illuminance, heating, and cooling setpoints in an office building across six cities with diverse climates to assess its performance under various conditions. The multi-objective optimization of these setpoints represents a novel contribution to smart building design. Compared to the NSGA-II method, the newly introduced approach exhibits simplicity and achieves a 50% reduction in computational time. The method leverages user experiences in formulating fuzzy rules, yielding more optimal solutions compared to the NSGA-II. The proposed method combines neural network, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm to create an efficient and intelligent framework for fast and accurate multi-objective optimization in energy-related problems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9184770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework-Guided Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite for Lithium-Ion Battery Application","authors":"Thirumalaisamy Kiruthika,&nbsp;Devaraj Lakshmi,&nbsp;Seung Jo Yoo,&nbsp;Zungsun Choi,&nbsp;Pachagounder Sakthivel,&nbsp;Jun Young Cheong,&nbsp;Byungil Hwang,&nbsp;Paneerselvam Christopher Selvin","doi":"10.1155/er/5520837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5520837","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) (ZFO) nanomaterials were prepared as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using ice crystals and Triton X-100 as the hard and soft templates, respectively, via the sol–gel method. This novel, facile, energy-efficient, and economical approach yields ZFO nanoparticles with controlled morphology and homogeneous grain distribution. The crystallinity of the ZFO samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD); the crystallite sizes of the prepared samples were found to be 20 and 23 nm for the ice- and soft-templated ZFO samples, respectively. A spherical morphology was achieved using both templates although the soft-templated sample underwent agglomeration unlike the hard-templated sample. Similar elemental composition was achieved for the samples using both methods, as observed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ZFO electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical performance in nonaqueous systems, displaying a distinctive pair of reversible redox peaks for 50 cycles. The hard-templated (ice crystal) ZFO anode demonstrated an excellent capacity retention of 89.30%, an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.67%, and a final discharge capacity of 793.00 mAh g⁻¹ over 500 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. In contrast, the soft-templated (Triton X-100) ZFO anode delivered a capacity retention of 73.02%, an average Coulombic efficiency of 98.40%, and a final discharge capacity of 625.00 mAh g⁻¹ over 500 cycles under the same conditions. Our findings highlight those hard-templated methods, such as ice crystal template, can significantly enhance the electrochemical properties and performance of metal oxide–based electrode materials for LIBs. This improvement is achieved through precise control of morphology, grain distribution, phase purity, and crystal structure. Additionally, hard-templated method can be a stand-alone technique for the commercial mass production of metal oxide–based electrode materials owing to its reliable, facile, and economical nature.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5520837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model Development and Simulation of Anaerobic Digestion Process Using Aspen Plus","authors":"Amir Sheikhi,&nbsp;Majid Rasouli","doi":"10.1155/er/4018548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4018548","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Cleaner energy, particularly biogas, is urgently needed. Biogas is generated via anaerobic digestion (AD), decomposing organic materials without oxygen. AD simulation models are appreciated for their cost-effectiveness and predictive accuracy. This study creates a process model with Aspen Plus to simulate AD and biogas production. Investigations simulated municipal solid waste (MSW), animal manure (AM), and co-digestion feedstock, including hydrolysis equations for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. MSW includes a water flow of 10°C and 1500 m³/day. The AM enters at 230.4 g/day, while water flows into the mixer at 2300 g/day. The biogas rates for MSW, AM, and co-digestion were 9775.663, 0.25, and 10024.98 m³/day, respectively. Increasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) boosts the biogas production rate. The carbohydrate effect increases biogas rates for MSW and co-digestion feedstock by 65% and 25%, respectively. Carbohydrate content increases from 35% to 55% for AM feedstock, with rising gas production and a linear decrease in methane output. With the increase in protein, the percentage of gas production increases in all cases. Although for MSW, the optimal conditions occurred between 16% and 20% of protein. Gas production drops with fat in MSW but rises in AM. A 50% increase in parameters shows co-digestion is more affected by protein.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/4018548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Grid–Battery Hybrid Control Strategy of Online DC-Driven System","authors":"Gaoxin Bi,&nbsp;Weidong Liu,&nbsp;Yuhai Wang","doi":"10.1155/er/8864811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/8864811","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In conjunction with the technical principles of eHighway and electric road system (ERS), the integration of online DC-driven system (ODS) with grid–battery hybrid technology offers a viable solution for sustainable long-distance heavy-duty transportation. In light of the inadequacy in system modeling and control strategy formulation within existing relevant studies, this paper establishes the system power flow model to quantify the energy transfer processes and consumption, encompassing the closed power supply circuit model and grid–battery hybrid power flow model. By analyzing the system model and operating scenarios, it is evident that long-distance transportation leads to significant grid power losses. Moreover, in multivehicle scenarios, sudden load fluctuations can pose risks to grid power supply stability. To enhance the economic efficiency and stability of the system, a globally optimal grid–battery hybrid control strategy (GBHCS) is designed, employing the battery state of charge (SOC) as the state variable and the battery’s charge–discharge power as the control variable. The results of the strategy validation demonstrate that the GBHCS achieves a rational allocation of grid and battery power during different driving phases. In the single-vehicle scenario, the proposed control strategy demonstrates significant efficiency improvements, achieving reductions of over 2% in total grid energy consumption and a remarkable 50% decrease in grid energy losses compared to the conventional whole-process grid direct drive approach under various high-speed cruise cycles. In multivehicle scenarios, the control strategy not only enhances grid energy efficiency and maintains SOC balance across vehicles but also protects the grid from adverse effects caused by pantograph–catenary contact inrush currents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/8864811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Power Generation Through Hybrid Solar Chimney Coupled With a Steam Turbine Power Plant Leveraging Heat Recovery","authors":"Sajjad Mazdak,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moosavi,&nbsp;Alireza Bahramian","doi":"10.1155/er/9958191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/9958191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The incorporation of solar chimneys and fossil fuel power plants plays a beneficial role in reducing fuel consumption and environmental pollution. The need to pay attention to the turbine placement and the advantage of waste heat recovery from energy resources also increased the importance of the issue. In this study, the potential of integrating waste heat resources of a steam power plant is explored to increase the overall efficiency of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The effects of utilizing expelled heat from wet cooling towers and stack’s flue gas are taken as waste resources and are numerically studied on preheating the inlet air of the collector of the SCPP. The influences of designing the proper geometry of the flue gas chimney inside the collector are studied on the air entering the main chimney of the SCPP and the height of the flue gas chimney on the output power. The impact of allocating the semitransparent walls for flue gas chimney is analyzed on the gas temperature and the overall efficiency of the SCPP. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are adopted to contribute to a direct reduction in water consumption in wet condensers and an indirect reduction in fuel consumption of the steam turbine power plant. Based on numerical results, the proper vertical position of the turbine showed the pronounced effect on the output power of the SCPP. The choice of adding simultaneously radiators and flue gas chimney on the output power of the SCPP has become more important than that achieved by the addition of only radiators in all flue gas chimney heights. Ultimately, identifying the best turbine position and the most effective flue gas chimney height led to a 214.1% increase in the overall efficiency of the hybrid SCPP compared to the conventional Manzanares SCPP.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/9958191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraday Optimization of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage-Driven HVAC Systems Based on an Equivalent RC Model","authors":"Yue Lv,&nbsp;Yan Gao,&nbsp;Zhi Sun,&nbsp;Zhongyun Tian,&nbsp;Yaping Gao","doi":"10.1155/er/5377660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/5377660","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Efficient management of building energy systems, particularly those integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage systems (ESSs), is challenging due to the fluctuating nature of energy demand, supply, and electricity prices. Traditional optimization methods, such as day-ahead or intraday scheduling, often fail to fully meet the operational needs of energy systems, leading to wasted renewable energy, unmet load demand, and suboptimal cost-efficiency. This study addresses these gaps by proposing an integrated optimization strategy that combines day-ahead predictive scheduling with intraday adjustments, leveraging a second-order equivalent resistance–capacitance (RC) model to manage ESS charging and discharging. The strategy optimizes energy storage utilization and minimizes reliance on grid power by dynamically adjusting charging and discharging based on intraday conditions and price fluctuations. Tested on an office building, the proposed strategy reduced operating costs by 29.66% compared to day-ahead scheduling alone and by 15.48% compared to intraday optimization while eliminating unmet load demand and minimizing wasted PV generation. Grid reliance was also reduced by 33.33%. These findings underscore the critical role of coordinated charging and discharging strategies in improving energy management efficiency and reducing costs in PV–ESS integrated systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14051,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Research","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/er/5377660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}