Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells With Rare-Earth Metal Doped Zinc Oxide: A Review of Electron Mobility, Stability, and Photocarrier Recombination

IF 4.3 3区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

International Journal of Energy Research Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI:10.1155/er/4240199

Ponka J. Mokgolo, Thandi P. Gumede, Richard O. Ocaya, Thembinkosi D. Malevu

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Abstract

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important electron transfer layer (ETL) material due to its optical and electrical properties, maintaining its pivotal role in advancing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) given its high experimental accessibility and reported high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Recent studies reveal that doping ZnO nanomaterials with dual-functioning rare-earth metal (REM) ions can further bolster PCEs of ZnO-based PSCs. This review synthesizes recent empirical studies on REM-doped ZnO, focusing on enhancing PSC electron mobility, stability, and mitigating photocarrier recombination. Additionally, it examines the shift from mesoscopic to planar PSC architectures, underscores synthesis/fabrication strategies, and investigates REMs’ potential in ZnO for up/down conversion processes. Despite potential cost implications, REMs consistently achieve remarkable PCEs of up to 22.9% in ZnO-based devices.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Energy Research 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

8.70%

发文量

1170

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Energy Research (IJER) is dedicated to providing a multidisciplinary, unique platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, planners, and policy makers to present their research results and findings in a compelling manner on novel energy systems and applications. IJER covers the entire spectrum of energy from production to conversion, conservation, management, systems, technologies, etc. We encourage papers submissions aiming at better efficiency, cost improvements, more effective resource use, improved design and analysis, reduced environmental impact, and hence leading to better sustainability. IJER is concerned with the development and exploitation of both advanced traditional and new energy sources, systems, technologies and applications. Interdisciplinary subjects in the area of novel energy systems and applications are also encouraged. High-quality research papers are solicited in, but are not limited to, the following areas with innovative and novel contents: -Biofuels and alternatives -Carbon capturing and storage technologies -Clean coal technologies -Energy conversion, conservation and management -Energy storage -Energy systems -Hybrid/combined/integrated energy systems for multi-generation -Hydrogen energy and fuel cells -Hydrogen production technologies -Micro- and nano-energy systems and technologies -Nuclear energy -Renewable energies (e.g. geothermal, solar, wind, hydro, tidal, wave, biomass) -Smart energy system