International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Urban pertussis epidemiological patterns in a highly vaccinated megacity: Policy impacts and control strategies in Chongqing, China, 2005-2024","authors":"Rui Shen ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Yugang Li ,&nbsp;Jianxing Yu ,&nbsp;Na Sun ,&nbsp;Zilu Xu ,&nbsp;Xueying Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Bosong Li ,&nbsp;Li Qi ,&nbsp;Luzhao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis resurgence in megacities challenges conventional control strategies. We investigated epidemiological patterns and policy impacts in a densely populated urban setting in Chongqing, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using population-based surveillance data (2005-2024) from Chongqing (population 32.1 million; DTP3 coverage &gt;97%), we conducted hierarchical Bayesian spatial modeling and age-structured Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated transmission analysis. We assessed four sequential policy transitions and simulated four vaccination strategies over three years (2025-2027) to evaluate their potential impact.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Annual pertussis incidence increased from 0.25 to 70.82/100,000. Infants showed highest absolute risk, while children aged 6-7 years demonstrated elevated risk (RR: 0.55 and 0.54, respectively). Urban areas showed marginally elevated risk (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07). Molecular diagnostics implementation revealed substantial hidden transmission (RR: 82.65, 95% CI: 73.47-92.99). Modeling projected extended school-age boosters (ages 5-7 years) would reduce incidence by 47.93%, targeted vaccination of ages 6-7 years achieved 36.64% reduction, and the national benchmark with 6-year booster reduced incidence by 19.09%. All strategies provided substantial indirect protection to infants without direct intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Enhanced molecular surveillance uncovered substantial hidden transmission in urban settings. Strategic school-age targeted vaccination could effectively disrupt urban transmission chains while protecting vulnerable infants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent diffuse panbronchiolitis after lung transplantation: Off-label use of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa control in a transplant recipient","authors":"Shin Tanaka ,&nbsp;Tuyoshi Ryuko ,&nbsp;Yasuaki Tomioka ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Shien ,&nbsp;Ken Suzawa ,&nbsp;Kentaroh Miyoshi ,&nbsp;Hideharu Hagiya ,&nbsp;Mikio Okazaki ,&nbsp;Seiichiro Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Shinichi Toyooka","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This report highlights a clinical case of recurrent diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) after bilateral lung transplantation (LTx), with a focus on the therapeutic impact of off-label inhaled tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) in managing Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A Japanese woman with a history of DPB experienced disease recurrence following bilateral LTx. Persistent colonization by P. aeruginosa and recurrent respiratory symptoms were observed. Off-label TSI therapy, commonly used in cystic fibrosis, was introduced. Clinical response was assessed through radiologic imaging, bronchoscopy, and microbiological cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TSI administration led to significant clinical and radiological improvement. P. aeruginosa was eradicated from sputum cultures within one month and remained absent throughout six months of follow-up. No hospitalizations or adverse events were reported during therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case suggests the potential of TSI as a therapeutic approach for managing recurrent DPB and indicates its role in stabilizing post-transplant outcomes. Further studies may clarify its efficacy and expand its application in broader DPB management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of severe bacterial infections including TB before and after immediate or deferred antiretroviral therapy: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study","authors":"Tomas O. Jensen ,&nbsp;Shweta Sharma ,&nbsp;Anchalee Avihingsanon ,&nbsp;Joseph Lutaakome ,&nbsp;Indira Brar ,&nbsp;William Burman ,&nbsp;Ploenchan Chetchotisakd ,&nbsp;Nathalie de Castro ,&nbsp;Juan-Francisco Galán-Herrera ,&nbsp;Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy ,&nbsp;Roger Paredes ,&nbsp;Rene Ridzon ,&nbsp;Michael Sciaudone ,&nbsp;Kanal Singh ,&nbsp;Alison Uriel ,&nbsp;Jens Lundgren ,&nbsp;Cavan Reilly ,&nbsp;Gail Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Deferring antiretroviral therapy (ART) until a CD4 count below cells/mm³ or other clinical indication in people with HIV (PWH) carries an increased risk of severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis (TB). It is not known if this increased risk is reversed after ART initiation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 4684 adult PWH with CD4 cell counts above 500 cells/mm³ who were randomized to immediate or deferred ART in the Strategic Timing of AntiRetrovial Treatment trial. In May 2015, the deferred group was offered ART and follow-up continued until December 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risks of severe bacterial infections including TB in the immediate and deferred groups before and after ART initiation in the deferred group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 217 (4.6%) participants experienced a severe bacterial infection during the entire follow-up period. Pre-2016, the immediate group had a lower rate of severe bacterial infections compared to the deferred group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38; 95% CI 0.26, 0.55). During 2016-2021, there was no longer a statistically significant difference (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.49, 1.16). No differences were observed between clinical or demographic subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The increased risk of severe bacterial infections seen after deferring ART is reversed once ART is initiated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pre-existing comorbidities and multimorbidities, demography and viral variants on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (‘Long COVID’) in Dutch primary care: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Matthijs S. Berends ,&nbsp;Maarten Homburg ,&nbsp;Thijmen Kupers ,&nbsp;Eline N. Meijer ,&nbsp;Isabelle Bos ,&nbsp;Robert Verheij ,&nbsp;Jeroen Kuiper ,&nbsp;Marjolein Y. Berger ,&nbsp;Lilian L. Peters","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or Long COVID, involves persistent symptoms following acute infection, posing a global health challenge. While a growing number of studies have investigated potential predictors and risk factors, uncertainties remain regarding their consistency and clinical applicability. This study investigates PASC prevalence, comorbidities, demographics and viral variants using Dutch primary care electronic healthcare records (EHR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study used EHR data from 59 general practices in the Northern Netherlands, including 19,638 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. PASC was identified via World Health Organization and CDC guidelines, a Dutch Word2Vec model, and clinical assessments. Relative risk (RR) calculations analysed comorbidities, demographics and viral variants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PASC prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 5.4-6.1%). Comorbidities significantly increasing PASC risk included lung disease (RR: 1.95), cardiovascular disease (RR: 1.73), diabetes (RR: 1.82), kidney disease (RR: 1.98) and mental illness (RR: 1.29). Females and individuals aged ≥45 had increased risk. Multivariate regression revealed higher odds of prolonged PASC for ages 45-59 (adjusted odds ratios [AOR]: 3.02), 60-74 (AOR: 3.25) and 75+ (AOR: 2.44). Combined mental illness and lung disease further increased risk (AOR: 2.55).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Chronic conditions, multimorbidity and demographics significantly influence PASC onset and duration. Targeted interventions may mitigate its long-term impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shunli Cai ,&nbsp;Qingyi Luo ,&nbsp;Guozhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Guo ,&nbsp;Yan Dong ,&nbsp;Hongbo Chen ,&nbsp;Shiqi Luo ,&nbsp;Jian He ,&nbsp;Yuan Xia ,&nbsp;Hanse Li ,&nbsp;Yingchen Zhou ,&nbsp;Chao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To update the understanding of the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in preventing tuberculosis (TB) infection in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase were searched from their inception to January 12, 2025. Studies were included if they focused on children under 19 years exposed to pulmonary TB, used interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) for infection assessment, and reported IGRA-positive outcomes for both BCG and non-BCG groups. Pooled estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis, with heterogeneity assessed by the <em>I²</em> statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Total 8242 participants were enrolled in 32 studies. The overall protective effectiveness of BCG against infection was 18%, with a relative risk [RR] of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.91], <em>I²</em> = 60%). Subgroup analysis revealed a higher effectiveness of 29% (RR = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.62-0.82], <em>I²</em> = 41%) in low-TB incidence areas, while effectiveness was not significant (RR = 0.95 [95% CI: 0.84-1.09], <em>I²</em> = 55%) in high-TB incidence areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BCG vaccination shows protective effectiveness against TB infection, particularly in low-TB incidence areas. Its effectiveness in high-TB incidence areas remains uncertain, underscoring the need for further research to optimize vaccination strategies in these settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national trends of measles burden and its vaccination coverage among children under 5 years old: An updated systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","authors":"Weiyang Chen ,&nbsp;Min Du ,&nbsp;Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Jue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study examines trends in measles burden and measles-containing vaccine (MCV) coverage among children under 5 years old, with a focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed measles incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in children under 5 years old using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data and MCV coverage in 204 countries from the Global Health Data Exchange. Trends from 1990 to 2021 were assessed through estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) at global, regional, and national levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, measles caused 4.1 million cases, 48.1 thousand deaths, and 4.2 million DALYs among children under 5 years old globally. From 1990 to 2021, incidence, mortality, and DALYs declined by over 90%, but low socio-demographic index regions continued to bear the highest burden. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2021), the global measles burden declined overall, but mortality (EAPC = 155.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.89-324.38) and DALY rates (EAPC = 146.94, 95% CI: 46.25-316.94) in East Asia increased. The pandemic also disrupted vaccination, with MCV1 coverage declining (EAPC = −2.08, 95% CI: −3.30 to −0.85), reversing previous trends in 68 countries (33.33%) for MCV1 and 50 countries (24.51%) for MCV2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Global measles incidence has declined over the past 30 years, but regional disparities persist. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted vaccination efforts, raising the risk of outbreaks among children. Enhanced efforts are critical to achieving measles elimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early bacterial pathogen distribution and risk factors for infections after liver transplantation: Retrospective cohort study","authors":"Jingjie Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaojie Su ,&nbsp;Jianfa Zhong ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Wenbin An ,&nbsp;Baojie Shi ,&nbsp;Yiran Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Peihao Wen ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To provide a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pathogens and explore the risk factors for post-liver transplant (LT) bacterial infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted at Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2021 and 2024. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors, including clinical characteristics and genetic polymorphisms related to infections within the first month after LT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two hundred forty-two LT donors and recipients were included. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (19.0%) was the most common gram-negative bacterium, whereas <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (7.1%) was the predominant gram-positive pathogen. A respiratory tract infection was the most common bacterial infection. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the recipient SLCO1B1 rs4149015 AA genotype, preoperative hypertension, and low preoperative red blood cell count were independent risk factors for post-LT infection in recipients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our analysis revealed the risk factors and clinical manifestations of bacterial infections as well as their polymorphisms. These findings provide valuable insights into the early detection and prevention of bacterial infections, revealing potential avenues for the development of methods to prevent such infections and therefore improve patient prognosis after LT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining early detection of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Rwanda: Leveraging predictive symptom clusters to enhance case definitions","authors":"Olivier Nsekuye ,&nbsp;Frederick Ntabana ,&nbsp;Hugues Valois Mucunguzi ,&nbsp;Ziad El-Khatib ,&nbsp;Eric Remera ,&nbsp;Lyndah Makayotto ,&nbsp;Menelas Nkeshimana ,&nbsp;David Turatsinze ,&nbsp;Frederic Ntirenganya ,&nbsp;Semakula Muhammed ,&nbsp;Athanase Rukundo ,&nbsp;Brian Chirombo ,&nbsp;Richard Muvunyi ,&nbsp;Claude Mambo Muvunyi ,&nbsp;Pacifique Nizeyimana ,&nbsp;Yvan Butera ,&nbsp;Sabin Nsanzimana ,&nbsp;Edson Rwagasore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) poses a significant global health risk due to its high case fatality rates (24%-88%) and the diagnostic challenges posed by its nonspecific early symptoms, which overlap with other febrile illnesses like malaria. This study analyzed symptom patterns from the 2024 MVD outbreak in Rwanda to refine case definitions and enhance early detection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted of 6613 suspected MVD cases (66 positive, 6547 negative) reported between September 27 and December 20, 2024. Symptom prevalence and predictive value were assessed using multiple logistic regression models with L1 and L2 regularization to identify the most predictive symptoms. Models were validated using 5-fold cross-validation, with performance assessed through ROC analysis and standard accuracy metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fever (78.8%), fatigue (63.6%), and headache (57.6%) were identified as the most common early symptoms, while hemorrhagic signs were rare (3.0%). The model achieved high accuracy (99.04%) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.824, identifying fever, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, joint pain, and sore throat as key predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early symptom clusters, especially constitutional and gastrointestinal signs outperformed hemorrhagic symptoms for MVD detection. Findings challenge current case definitions, emphasizing the need for revised public health messaging and healthcare worker training. Integrating symptom-based models into surveillance could enhance detection, especially in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paecilomyces variotii isolated from the blood of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial pneumonia","authors":"Kazuhiro Itoh ,&nbsp;Daiki Maruno ,&nbsp;Nozomi Otsuki ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tsutani ,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Mitsuke ,&nbsp;Hiromichi Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neonate with meningitis caused by probiotic-related Clostridium butyricum","authors":"Yanfang Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiaxu Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhou ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Bingxue Hu ,&nbsp;Hui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Clostridium butyricum</em> (<em>C. butyricum</em>), a normal gut bacterium in humans, is commonly used as a probiotic. We described a 26-day-old premature neonate who was diagnosed with probiotic-related <em>C. butyricum</em> meningitis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Upon the admission, suppurative meningitis was considered based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical test and neuroimaging examination, and <em>C. butyricum</em> was subsequently identified by CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Given the history of administrating living <em>C. butyricum</em> products before admission, probiotics-associated suppurative meningitis was considered a high possibility, leading to the confirmation of anti-infection treatment including vancomycin and meropenem.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following this therapy, the infant's CSF profiles demonstrated improvement. Additionally, further phylogenetic analysis confirmed the high homologous of <em>C. butyricum</em> from CSF with probiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report of <em>C. butyricum</em> infection in neonates, highlighting the importance for prudence in administrating probiotics for neonates, particularly in high-risk groups such as preterm infants, those with central venous catheters and intestinal diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}