International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Hantavirus-induced cardiac tamponade: A diagnostic dilemma","authors":"Salman Khan ,&nbsp;Ekrem Yetiskul ,&nbsp;Danyal F Khan ,&nbsp;Malik W.Z. Khan ,&nbsp;Aqsa Nisar ,&nbsp;Taqi Rizvi ,&nbsp;Georges Khattar ,&nbsp;Taylor B Wang ,&nbsp;Jonathan Spagnola","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein we describe a case of a 60-year-old white male from New York City who was admitted to hospital due to worsening dyspnea. He presented with an acute onset of fever, night sweats, and progressively worsening nonproductive cough and orthopnea over the preceding week. Electrocardiogram findings revealed atrial fibrillation. Manifesting signs of hypoperfusion, a trans-esophageal echocardiography was performed, which demonstrated the presence of a cardiac tamponade. An emergency pericardiocentesis was performed, draining 750 cc of serosanguinous content. Laboratory investigations depicted an inflammatory milieu marked by lymphocytic leukocytosis, cardiac function impairment, and remarkably elevated d-dimer and brain natriuretic peptide levels. Notably, high-sensitivity troponin T remained within normal limits. Comprehensive viral panel assays, including COVID-19, Influenza A + B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Hepatitis C, HIV, Cytomegalovirus, Coxsackie A + B, and Herpes Simplex Virus, returned negative results. Furthermore, antinuclear factor and rheumatoid factor titers were negative. Blood and fungal cultures, as well as assessments for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yielded negative findings. On further history-taking, he reported that he had occupational exposure to rat droppings and urine two weeks ago. Serological analysis demonstrated positive hantavirus IgG and IgM antibodies. Supportive management was initiated. Consequently, the patient was discharged asymptomatic, without pericardial effusion. Evaluation after two weeks revealed no recurrence of symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002832/pdfft?md5=92f4147b0b9f7d65fb9d3191d1ddd4fd&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002832-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of new dengue vaccines in curtailing the emerging global threat of dengue outbreaks arising from mass gathering sporting and religious events","authors":"Eskild Petersen ,&nbsp;Linzy Elton ,&nbsp;Najmul Haider ,&nbsp;Timothy D. McHugh ,&nbsp;Osman Dar ,&nbsp;Avinash Sharma ,&nbsp;Pam Luka ,&nbsp;Tieble Traore ,&nbsp;Edgar Simulundu ,&nbsp;Esam I. Azhar ,&nbsp;Francine Ntoumi ,&nbsp;Moses J. Bockarie ,&nbsp;Ziad A. Memish ,&nbsp;Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent carriage of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum parasites associated with clinical malaria in a low transmission area in Senegal","authors":"Babacar Souleymane Sambe ,&nbsp;Ibrahima Sarr ,&nbsp;Aissatou Diagne ,&nbsp;Arona Sabène Diatta ,&nbsp;Joseph Faye ,&nbsp;Nafissatou Diagne ,&nbsp;Serigne Ousmane Mbacké Diaw ,&nbsp;Adja Fatou Mbodj ,&nbsp;Rokhaya Sané ,&nbsp;Amélé Nyedzie Wotodjo ,&nbsp;Babacar Diouf ,&nbsp;Alassane Thiam ,&nbsp;Arfang Diamanka ,&nbsp;Ngor Faye ,&nbsp;Papa Mbacké Sembène ,&nbsp;Fatoumata Diene Sarr ,&nbsp;Ibrahima Dia ,&nbsp;Inès Vigan-Womas ,&nbsp;Cheikh Sokhna ,&nbsp;Aissatou Toure-Balde ,&nbsp;Makhtar Niang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In low malaria transmission areas, the elimination of the disease has been hampered partly by the existence of a reservoir of subpatent <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> infections within communities. This reservoir, often undetected, serves as a source of parasites and contributes to ongoing transmission and clinical malaria cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study, spanning a period of 9 years from June 2014 to December 2022, examined individual variations and long-term subpatent <em>P. falciparum</em> carriage in two matched cohorts of 44 individuals each living in Dielmo village in the Sudanian area of Senegal. Biannual blood samples, collected in June/July and December of each year, underwent <em>P. falciparum</em> diagnosis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. QGIS and R analytical tools were used to map infections, assess the occurrence and clustering of subpatent and clinical <em>P. falciparum</em> infections, and determine the risk of infection in the vicinity of asymptomatic <em>P. falciparum</em> carriers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The point frequency and long-term <em>P. falciparum</em> carriage were significantly higher among the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) positive cohort compared to the negative cohort across the 16 cross-sectional surveys analyzed in this study (19.76% vs 10.99%, <em>P</em>-value &lt;0.001). Asymptomatic carriage events in qPCR-positive group were 18.86 ± 1.72% and significantly greater (<em>P</em>-value = 0.001) than in the qPCR-negative group (11.32 ± 1.32%). The relative risk of <em>P. falciparum</em> infection or clinical malaria calculated with a 95% confidence interval significantly increased in the vicinity of infected individuals and was 1.44 (<em>P</em>-value = 0.53) and 2.64 (<em>P</em>-value = 0.04) when at least one individual in the direct (household) or indirect (block of households) vicinity is infected, respectively. The risk increased to 3.64 (<em>P</em>-value &lt;0.001) if at least 1/5 of individuals in the indirect vicinity were <em>P. falciparum</em>-infected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study provides a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the asymptomatic <em>P. falciparum</em> reservoir and its temporal and spatial dynamics within two subgroups of <em>P. falciparum</em>-infected and non-infected individuals in Dielmo village. It identified high-risk populations known as “hotpops” and hotspots that could be targeted by innovative interventions to accelerate the elimination of malaria in Dielmo village.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002820/pdfft?md5=b924ef70ec73075a90d196155c47096a&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002820-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in a high-burden area of China: An 8-year population-based study using whole genome sequencing","authors":"Wencong He ,&nbsp;Yunhong Tan ,&nbsp;Zexuan Song ,&nbsp;Binbin Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Xia ,&nbsp;Huiwen Zheng ,&nbsp;Dongxin Liu ,&nbsp;Chunfa Liu ,&nbsp;Ping He ,&nbsp;Yiting Wang ,&nbsp;Zeyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xichao Ou ,&nbsp;Shengfen Wang ,&nbsp;Jingwei Guo ,&nbsp;Yanlin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study investigated the transmission patterns of tuberculosis (TB) and its associated risk factors in Hunan province to inform the development of prevention and control strategies in the region.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An 8-year retrospective population-based genomic epidemiological study was conducted. Genomic clusters were defined using distance thresholds of 12-single-nucletide-polymorphisms. Risk factors associated with TB transmission were analyzed using logistic regression model. Kernel Density analysis was used to locate hotspots where transmission occurred.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 2649 TB cases included in this study, 275 clusters were identified, with an overall clustering rate of 24.7% (654/2649). Nearly 95% (620/654) of clustered strains were isolated from the same county. Of the 275 clusters, 23 (8.4%, 23/275) had differences in drug-resistant profiles, with FQs resistance mutations occurring most frequently (52.2%, 12/23). Multivariate analysis identified male TB patients, those aged 30-60 years, ethnic minorities, nonfarmers, retreated TB patients, and individuals infected with MDR/RR-TB as independent risk factors for TB transmission (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Kernel density analysis showed that among the 5 drug-resistant surveillance sites, Leiyang had the highest clustering rate, followed by Yongshun, Qidong, Hecheng, and Taojiang.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Recent transmission in the region is predominantly occurring within counties. The risk factors related to TB transmission and the hotspots where transmission occurs can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted TB prevention and control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002819/pdfft?md5=c8571499ecaca70aa0de2d96205368a4&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron era","authors":"Won Jun Choi ,&nbsp;Jinhong Lee ,&nbsp;Kowoon Choi ,&nbsp;Dong Mi Kim ,&nbsp;Nayoung Han ,&nbsp;Jin-Ho Choi ,&nbsp;Jongheon Jung ,&nbsp;Hyewon Lee ,&nbsp;Jun Yong Choi ,&nbsp;Young Ju Choi ,&nbsp;Hyeon-Seok Eom ,&nbsp;June Young Chun ,&nbsp;Eunyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, we present the outcomes of four patients with COVID-19 who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at the National Cancer Center in South Korea. Despite concerns about the unfavorable course of COVID-19 in HSCT recipients, none of our patients experienced severe COVID-19. Moreover, extended viral shedding in case 1, lasting over 100 days, was resolved after successful engraftment. Contracting the virus when the host could not mount enough of an immune reaction might result in a paradoxically favorable course. Vaccination, monoclonal antibodies, and antiviral agent usage against COVID-19 might also be effective. We suggest, if necessary, HSCT should not be deferred in COVID-19 patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002789/pdfft?md5=82f109d92a17ac094e85d515e8e14371&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002789-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of topical rSm29 in combination with intravenous meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Tainã Lago ,&nbsp;Fábio Peixoto ,&nbsp;Fábio Mambelli ,&nbsp;Lucas P. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Luiz Henrique Guimarães ,&nbsp;Augusto M. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Luciana Cardoso ,&nbsp;Paulo R.L. Machado ,&nbsp;Phillip Scott ,&nbsp;Jamile Lago ,&nbsp;Juvana M. Andrade ,&nbsp;Júlia S. Fahel ,&nbsp;Sérgio C. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Edgar M. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by <em>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</em> is associated with an inflammatory response. Granzyme (GzmB) and IL-1β play a key role in the pathology. Meglumine antimoniate (MA) is the first-choice drug for the treatment of CL, but therapy failure is observed in up to 50% of the cases. The protein, rSm29 of <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em>, down-modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We evaluate if the combination of topical rSm29 plus MA increases the cure rate of CL.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this randomized clinical trial, 91 CL patients were allocated in 3 groups. All cases received MA (20 mg/kg/weight) for 20 days. Group 1 used topical rSm29 (10 µg), group 2 a placebo topically applied, and group 3 received only MA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The cure rate on day 90 was 71% in subjects treated with rSm29 plus MA, and 43% in patients who received MA plus placebo or MA alone (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was a decrease in GzmB and an increase in IFN-γ (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in supernatants of skin biopsies of the lesions obtained on D7 of therapy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in patients who received rSm29.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>rSm29 associated with MA reduces GzmB levels, is more effective than MA alone, and decreases CL healing time.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical trials registration</h3><p>ClinicalTrial.gov under NCT06000514.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002777/pdfft?md5=35486d9ec97f2448d25a632e17808f64&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leishmania donovani infection mimicking ulcerative colitis in an immuno-competent patient","authors":"Jonas Buttenschoen ,&nbsp;Kirsten Utpatel ,&nbsp;Laura Droesch ,&nbsp;Alexander Mehrl ,&nbsp;Vlad Pavel ,&nbsp;Arne Kandulski ,&nbsp;Sophie Schlosser-Hupf ,&nbsp;Martina Müller ,&nbsp;Stephan Schmid","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We share a case of a 54-year-old Caucasian immune-competent male with a suspected long latent visceral leishmaniasis presenting primarily with parasitic colitis, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Due to histopathologically and endoscopically mimicking ulcerative colitis, the patient was initially treated for UC, until the parasites were identified and eradicated with liposomal Amphotericin B.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002807/pdfft?md5=61b480f5138c56613d7bdbbff3a125dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002807-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy among persons with HIV in Europe","authors":"Isik S. Johansen ,&nbsp;Ashley Roen ,&nbsp;Christian Kraef ,&nbsp;Raquel Martín-Iguacel ,&nbsp;Johannes Nemeth ,&nbsp;Lukas Fenner ,&nbsp;Robert Zangerle ,&nbsp;Josep M. Llibre ,&nbsp;Robert F. Miller ,&nbsp;Isabelle Suarez ,&nbsp;Stephane de Wit ,&nbsp;Ferdinand Wit ,&nbsp;Christina Mussini ,&nbsp;Annalisa Saracino ,&nbsp;Diana Canetti ,&nbsp;Alain Volny-Anne ,&nbsp;Nadine Jaschinski ,&nbsp;Bastian Neesgaard ,&nbsp;Lene Ryom ,&nbsp;Lars Peters ,&nbsp;Ole Kirk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Tuberculosis (TB) risk after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is not well described in a European setting, with an average TB incidence of 25/10⁵ in the background population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included all adult persons with HIV starting ART in the RESPOND cohort between 2012 and 2020. TB incidence rates (IR) were assessed for consecutive time intervals post-ART initiation. Risk factors for TB within 6 months from ART initiation were evaluated using Poisson regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 8441 persons with HIV, who started ART, 66 developed TB during 34,239 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), corresponding to 1.87/1000 PYFU (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-2.37). TB IR was highest in the first 3 months after ART initiation (14.41/1000 PY (95%CI 10.08-20.61]) and declined at 3-6, 6-12, and &gt;12 months post-ART initiation (5.89 [95%CI 3.35-10.37], 2.54 [95%CI 1.36-4.73] and 0.51 [95%CI 0.30-0.86]), respectively. Independent risk factors for TB within the first 6 months after ART initiation included follow-up in Northern or Eastern Europe region, African origin, baseline CD4 count &lt;200 cells/mm³, HIV RNA &gt;100,000 copies/mL, injecting drug use and heterosexual transmission.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>TB IR was highest in the first 3 months post-ART initiation and was associated with baseline risk factors, highlighting the importance of thorough TB risk assessment at ART initiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002704/pdfft?md5=e716e5c7375fe4881458cc2983875f0b&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002704-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria burden and residual transmission: two thirds of mosquito bites may not be preventable with current vector control tools on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea","authors":"Michael Ooko ,&nbsp;Nestor Rivas Bela ,&nbsp;Mathias Leonard ,&nbsp;Valeriano Oluy Nsue Maye ,&nbsp;Prudencio Bibang Engono Efiri ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Ekoko ,&nbsp;Matilde Riloha Rivas ,&nbsp;David S Galick ,&nbsp;Kylie R DeBoer ,&nbsp;Olivier Tresor Donfack ,&nbsp;Carlos A Guerra ,&nbsp;Guillermo A García ,&nbsp;Immo Kleinschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study assesses exposure to malaria vector mosquitos that is nonpreventable through use of nets, the contribution of outdoor and indoor biting towards residual vector exposure, and the risk factors for being bitten and for being infected with malaria parasites on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Human behavior and malaria infection data were collected from 13,735 randomly selected residents during cross-sectional surveys, concomitantly with entomological human landing catches, indoors and outdoors, in 20 locations on the Island. Self-reported time of going indoors, going to bed and whether using a net were analyzed to impute for each respondent the number of bites received outdoors and indoors during the night before the survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>On average, each person received 2.7 (95% CI: 2.6-2.8) bites per night outdoors, 8.5 (8.3 to 8.7) bites indoors if not using a net, and 4.7 (4.5 to 4.8) bites indoors if using a net. Malaria infection was associated with more bites, regardless of whether received indoors or outdoors. Older age, male gender, not using a net, rural location, and going indoors later increased the risk of being bitten. The proportion of bites not averted by using a net was estimated as 66% (61 to 71).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A large proportion of biting, mostly indoors, may not be preventable by bednets. Tools targeting indoor biting should be prioritized in Bioko. Novel vector control tools are urgently needed to reduce overall exposure to mosquito bites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002686/pdfft?md5=8f9ffe100b5065ce80d4286ffb1b4319&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002686-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends of pathogens causing urinary tract infections in Mwanza, Tanzania: A comparative study during and after the implementation of the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (2017-2022)","authors":"Vitus Silago ,&nbsp;Katarina Oravcova ,&nbsp;Louise Matthews ,&nbsp;Stephen E. Mshana ,&nbsp;Heike Claus ,&nbsp;Jeremiah Seni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To delineate the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends of pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) during (June 2019-June 2020) and after (March-July 2023) the implementation of the National Action Plan on AMR 2017-2022 in Mwanza, Tanzania.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2097 patients with clinical symptoms of UTIs during (n = 1144) and after (n = 953) the National Action Plan on AMR 2017-2022. Quantitative urine culture was done to isolate significant bacteria causing UTI, which were then identified to the species level and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Tabulations, descriptive, and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, as well as the association between outcome and independent variables. Statistical significance was defined as <em>P</em> ≤0.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall prevalence of culture-positive UTIs was 22.8% (479 of 2097; 95% CI: 21.1-24.7%), with no significant difference between the study periods (21.8% [249 of 1144; 95% CI: 19.5-24.3%]) vs 24.1% (230 of 953; 95% CI: 21.5-26.9%), <em>P</em> = 0.274). We observed a significant increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin (32.0% vs 45.8%, <em>P</em> = 0.0481) and third-generation cephalosporins (marked by extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> [ESBL-PE], 38.7% vs 56.9%, <em>P</em> = 0.0307). Additionally, UTIs caused by ESBL-PE is significantly common among patients in higher-tier hospitals (58.4% vs 34.0%; OR [95% CI]: 2.51 [1.41-4.48], <em>P</em> = 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was a significant increase in bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin and third-generation cephalosporins, as well as ESBL-PE. These results emphasize the critical need to enhance AMR surveillance, improve infection prevention and control measures, and strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224002790/pdfft?md5=da279b678ffa606a69946c238f6c819d&pid=1-s2.0-S1201971224002790-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}