A pediatric health problem increasing with migration: pertussis reloading

Objective

Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection affecting infants, particularly those in vulnerable populations. This study investigates the increase in pertussis cases following refugee influxes and natural disasters.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 28 infants hospitalized in our hospital's pediatric ward due to whooping cough between December 27, 2023, and April 30, 2024. Demographics, vaccination status, clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Of the 28 infants, 60.7% were male and 39.3% were of Syrian origin; 42.9% were unvaccinated. The mean age was 3.46 ± 3.48 months, and median hospitalization was 11 days. All presented with respiratory distress. Paroxysmal cough (96.4%), feeding difficulty (53.6%), and fever (32.1%) were common. Convulsions occurred in 10.7%, and apnea in 3.6%. B. pertussis was confirmed by PCR in all cases. Chest radiographs showed pneumonic infiltrates in 85.7%. Macrolide antibiotics were given to all. Leukocytosis (15,000-30,000/µL) was observed in 53.6%, extreme leukocytosis in 7.1%, and lymphocytosis in 64.3%. Respiratory support was needed in 78.6%. Four required ICU care; two intubated patients died of multiple organ failure.

Conclusion

Pertussis remains a serious health threat, especially among unvaccinated and displaced infants. Strengthening immunization programs and ensuring early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reduce disease burden.