International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Time trends in malaria incidence from 1992 to 2021 in high-risk regions: An age‑period‑cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2021","authors":"Yu Cao ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yongping Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueyi Wu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Hanwu Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Malaria, caused by plasmodium parasites, remains one of the world's most significant infectious diseases due to its high incidence and mortality. This study aims to analyze malaria incidence globally, identify high-risk regions, and examine long-term trends in incidence to provide important evidence for malaria eradication.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, applying the age-period-cohort model to estimate the effects of age, period, and cohort on malaria incidence from 1992 to 2021. We calculated the net drift (overall annual percentage change), local drift (annual percentage change for each age group), longitudinal age curves (expected longitudinal age-specific rates), and period (cohort) relative risks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate of malaria declined to 3485.3 per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2804.5-4435.7), a 5.24% decrease since 1992. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest age-standardized rate at 20,225.9 per 100,000 (95% UI: 16,033.5-25,862.6), accounting for 92% of all new cases globally. From 1992 to 2021, age-standardized malaria incidence rates generally declined across highest-risk regions, although Sub-Saharan Africa saw the smallest decline, with a net drift of –0.74% (95% confidence interval: –1.32 to 0.17). The 0-4 age group faces the highest risk, which decreases with age.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Malaria continues to threaten public health in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among the 0-4 age group. Efforts should focus on enhancing access to malaria control measures and implementing targeted public health policies for priority groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible scenarios for the spread of mpox outside the endemic focus in Africa","authors":"Eskild Petersen ,&nbsp;Ulrik Hvid ,&nbsp;Oyewale Tomori ,&nbsp;Anders Gorm Pedersen ,&nbsp;Jacco Wallinga ,&nbsp;Richard Pebody ,&nbsp;Orlando Cenciarelli ,&nbsp;Preben Aavitsland ,&nbsp;David Van Laeken ,&nbsp;Viggo Andreasen ,&nbsp;Uffe Schneider ,&nbsp;Julia Kinane Simonsen ,&nbsp;Marlies Jilles Francine Goedknegt ,&nbsp;Caroline Klint Johannesen ,&nbsp;Jens D. Lundgren ,&nbsp;Anders Koch ,&nbsp;Bolette Søborg ,&nbsp;Anna Mia Ekström ,&nbsp;Hannah Nohynek ,&nbsp;Frank M. Aarestrup ,&nbsp;Lone Simonsen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent expansion of mpox in Africa is characterized by a dramatic increase in zoonotic transmission (clade Ia) and the emergence of a new clade Ib that is transmitted from human to human by close contact. Clade Ia does not pose a threat in areas without zoonotic reservoirs. But clade Ib may spread widely, as did clade IIb which has spread globally since 2022 among men who have sex with men. It is not clear whether controlling clade Ib will be more difficult than clade IIb. The population at risk potentially counts 100 million but only a million vaccine doses are expected in the next year. Surveillance is needed with exhaustive case detection, polymerase chain reaction confirmation, clade determination, and about severe illness. Such data is needed to identify routes of transmission and core transmitters, such as sex workers. Health care workers are vaccinated to ensure their protection, but this will not curb mpox transmission. With the recent inequitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in mind, it is a global responsibility to ensure that low-income nations in the mpox epicenter have meaningful access to vaccines. Vaccination serves not only to reduce mortality in children but limit the risk of future mpox variants emerging that may spread in human populations globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and regional burden of bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in 2019: A systematic analysis from the MICROBE database","authors":"Lei Zha ,&nbsp;Shirong Li ,&nbsp;Jun Guo ,&nbsp;Yixin Hu ,&nbsp;Lingling Pan ,&nbsp;Hanli Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiancheng Xu ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Lu ,&nbsp;Xiang Kong ,&nbsp;Xinzhao Tong ,&nbsp;Yusheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To quantify the global and regional burden of bloodstream infections associated with and attributable to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted data from the Measuring Infectious Causes and Resistance Outcomes for Burden Estimation database, which includes the estimated burden of 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations across 12 major infectious syndromes globally in 2019. The number and rate of deaths, as well as disability-adjusted life-years linked to bloodstream infections, were systematically analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2019, bloodstream infections accounted for approximately 2.91 (95% UI, 1.74-4.53) million deaths globally, with Gram-negative bacteria responsible for 51.1% of these fatalities. An estimated 391,800 (95% UI 221,500-631,400) deaths were associated with carbapenem resistance, constituting 26.3% of all bloodstream infection-related deaths. The highest burden of carbapenem resistance was seen in South Asia, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, while the lowest burden was in Sub-Saharan Africa. Notably, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were the leading carbapenem-resistant pathogens contributing to mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings underscore the significant global burden of bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, with notable regional disparities. There is an urgent need for enhanced surveillance, improved infection prevention and control measures, and better access to first-line antibiotics, particularly in high-burden regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical disease among people with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore - a retrospective study","authors":"Yi Rong Chew ,&nbsp;Jun Yang Tay ,&nbsp;Win Mar Kyaw ,&nbsp;Po Ying Chia ,&nbsp;Deborah Hee Ling Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Subclinical tuberculosis (TB) is challenging to diagnose due to the lack of a clear definition and symptoms. This study aimed to describe the subclinical disease spectrum among people with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB routinely diagnosed in Singapore, a country with moderate incidence, using different definitions. It also aimed to identify risk factors for subclinical TB and the current diagnostic approaches in detecting subclinical TB.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of sputum culture-positive pulmonary TB cases reported to the Singapore National TB Registry from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023 was conducted. Two definitions for subclinical TB were used: sputum culture-positive TB with no cough or cough for less than 2 weeks for definition 1 and no cough for definition 2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 18,693 pulmonary TB cases notified, 41.6% and 31.6% met the first and second definition of subclinical TB, respectively. However, neither definition performed better in detecting subclinical TB (receiver operating characteristics curve). The majority of cases (96.7% and 96.0% respectively) had abnormal chest X-ray findings, and a high proportion had smear-positive results (40.0% and 35.6%, respectively). Sputum TB polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was significant in picking up subclinical TB adjusted odds ratio 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.10-31), although 42.2% with no persistent cough and 41.2% with no cough did not have sputum TB PCR tested, highlighting gaps in diagnostic practices. Together, older adults (aged ≥70 years) and immunocompromised individuals, including those with end-stage renal failure, steroid therapy, malignancy, and HIV, were more likely to have subclinical TB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study suggests that subclinical TB are more likely to occur in those older than 70 years and those with immunocompromising conditions. The use of diagnostics such as chest X-ray and sputum TB PCR are helpful in diagnosing subclinical TB. Further research is necessary to evaluate other screening tools in detecting these early disease states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107768"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal trends of pyogenic spondylodiscitis in Japan: a nationwide inpatient database study","authors":"Takayuki Motoyoshi ,&nbsp;Takahisa Ogawa ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Fukushima ,&nbsp;Satoshi Kutsuna ,&nbsp;Haggai Schermann ,&nbsp;Kiyohide Fushimi ,&nbsp;Toshitaka Yoshii","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aims of this study were 1) to investigate seasonal epidemiological variations of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, in Japan, and 2) to evaluate associated inpatient outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective nationwide study using data from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) inpatient database, covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The parameters assessed were seasonal incidence, demographic characteristics, inpatient mortality, complications, and medical costs. Risk factors for in-hospital death were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 71,134 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis were identified, with 11.9 % (<em>n</em> = 8446) exhibiting MRSA infection. Admissions peaked in spring (<em>n</em> = 18,076) and were lowest in winter (<em>n</em> = 17,565), although no seasonal trend was observed among those with MRSA infection. The average age of patients was 71.05 years, and 60.9 % of patients were male. The average hospital stay was longest in spring (53.5 days) and shortest in summer (51.6 days) (<em>P</em> <em>=</em> 0.006). Medical costs were highest in spring ($16,979) and lowest in summer ($16,437) (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.001). Mortality rates were highest in fall and winter (3.0 % each) and lowest in summer (2.6 %) (<em>P</em> <em>=</em> 0.024). Sepsis was the most common concomitant infection, occurring in 10.4 % of patients.</div><div>The risk factors for in-hospital mortality were being elderly, male, having a low BMI, and high comorbidities. Among patients aged over 65, aspiration pneumonia and sepsis were risk factors for death throughout the year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings highlight significant seasonal variations in pyogenic spondylodiscitis, with different concomitant infections but no significant difference in MRSA infection across seasons. This highlights the need for MRSA-targeted interventions regardless of season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marburg virus reaches Rwanda: how close are we to a vaccine solution?","authors":"Olivier Sibomana ,&nbsp;Clyde Moono Hakayuwa ,&nbsp;Jildas Munyantore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a highly virulent and often fatal disease caused by the Marburg virus, a member of the <em>Filoviridae</em> family, closely related to the Ebola virus. Historically, outbreaks have been sporadic but lethal across various African countries, with high case fatality rates (CFRs). In 2023, significant outbreaks occurred in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea, with CFRs of 62.5% and 75%, respectively. In 2024, Rwanda faced its first outbreak, starting on September 27, 2024. By November 8, 2024, Rwanda had conducted 7,408 tests, confirming 66 cases, 15 of which were fatal, and 51 recoveries. Although no approved vaccine currently exists for MVD, global health authorities are prioritizing the development of effective vaccines. Drawing on insights from the rapid COVID-19 vaccine development, several promising candidates are under exploration, with the cAd3-MARV showing notable potential. This paper examines the current MVD outbreak in Rwanda and the progress toward developing a long-term vaccine solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase III, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial to study the efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) vs piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) in patients with hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP)","authors":"Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Feng Wei ,&nbsp;Peng Xiang ,&nbsp;Zhengang Tang ,&nbsp;Lianshu Ding ,&nbsp;Luke Francis Chen ,&nbsp;Maria Losada ,&nbsp;Zlatka Iamboliyska ,&nbsp;Fang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingfen Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Du ,&nbsp;Chang Chen ,&nbsp;Christopher Bruno ,&nbsp;Sandra Koseoglu ,&nbsp;Katherine Young ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Jieming Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) is a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination effective against gram-negative pathogens. Efficacy and safety of IMI/REL were studied in critically ill adults with hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this phase III, double-blind, multinational, randomized trial (NCT03583333), adults with HABP/VABP were randomized 1:1 to receive intravenous IMI/REL (500 mg/250 mg) or piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ; 4000 mg/500 mg) every 6 h for 7-14 days. The primary endpoint was 28-day all-cause mortality (ACM). Secondary endpoints were clinical response (CR), microbiological response (MR), and adverse event (AE) incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the modified intention-to-treat population (<em>N</em> = 270 [IMI/REL: <em>n</em> = 134; PIP/TAZ: <em>n</em> = 136]), demographics and baseline characteristics were comparable between treatment groups. Most patients were from China. IMI/REL was noninferior to PIP/TAZ for 28-day ACM (11.2% vs 5.9%; adjusted difference [95% confidence interval]: 5.2% [−1.5 to 12.4]). Secondary outcomes were comparable between treatment groups, including favorable CR and MR. AEs resulting in death were generally consistent with pre-existing or underlying illness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IMI/REL met noninferiority criteria vs PIP/TAZ for 28-day ACM, and safety profiles were comparable. This trial could support the use of IMI/REL to treat adults with HABP/VABP, including regional use in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal biomarkers in HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis: a multicenter diagnostic accuracy study on the Guiana shield","authors":"Aurore Moussiegt ,&nbsp;Sigrid Mac Donald ,&nbsp;Marie Elisabeth Bougnoux ,&nbsp;Marja Van Eer ,&nbsp;Stephen Vreden ,&nbsp;Tom Chiller ,&nbsp;Diego H. Caceres ,&nbsp;Beatriz L. Gomez ,&nbsp;Mathieu Nacher ,&nbsp;Olivier Lortholary ,&nbsp;Antoine Adenis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis remains challenging. Our objective was to compare the performances of (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) and aspergillus galactomannan (GM) antigen for the diagnosis of HIV-associated histoplasmosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a diagnostic accuracy study using frozen primary serum specimens issued from consecutive hospitalized people living with HIV (PLWH) and blindly tested for BDG and GM using Fungitell^Ⓡ and Platelia^TM <em>Aspergillus</em>, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 121 sera with 92 HIV-associated histoplasmosis cases and 29 negative controls. At thresholds of 150 pg/ml and 0.5 for BDG and GM, the sensitivity and specificity were 95% (85-100) vs 90% (77-100) and 52% (34-70) vs 83% (69-97), respectively. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed area under the curves of 0.82 (0.68-0.91) vs 0.92 (0.80-0.98) for BDG and GM, respectively. Post-test probabilities showed best performances at lowest thresholds for a negative testing of BDG and GM and at the 0.7 threshold for a positive GM test.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>If BDG alone may rule out histoplasmosis when negative, GM alone, either positive or negative, showed the best performances for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Given the poorer performances of BDG and GM than <em>Histoplasma</em> antigen detection assays commercially available, they should be considered as an alternative in settings where <em>Histoplasma</em> antigen detection assays remain unavailable. However, this study essentially provides insights in the performances of fungal biomarkers in disseminated histoplasmosis and does not represent recommendations for best practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the effect of COVID-19 vaccination and prior infection on cycle threshold values as a proxy of SARS-CoV-2 viral load","authors":"Stijn P. Andeweg ,&nbsp;Jan van de Kassteele ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Wang ,&nbsp;Noortje van Maarseveen ,&nbsp;Boris Vlaemynck ,&nbsp;Sanne Bos ,&nbsp;Harry Vennema ,&nbsp;Lance Presser ,&nbsp;Juan Juan Cai ,&nbsp;Mirjam J. Knol ,&nbsp;Dirk Eggink","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 viral load could be an important parameter for transmission potential. Here, we use quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold (Ct) values as a proxy for viral load. We assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccination and prior infection status on Ct value while accounting for the virus variant.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using Dutch SARS-CoV-2 community testing data (n = 409,925 samples) from 8 March 2021 to 31 December 2022, separate univariable linear regressions were conducted for each explanatory variable, including age, sex, testing date, variant of infection, time since symptom onset, and testing laboratory. Subsequently, causal inference analysis assessed the impact of prior infection and vaccination status on Ct values, employing inverse propensity score weighting to adjust for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed a negative correlation between age and Ct values. Additionally, we observed modest differences in Ct values between different variants of infection, with lower Ct values (indicative of higher viral load) noted for Omicron variants compared to earlier variants. In addition, our results indicated an increase in Ct value (lower viral load) with prior infection. Conversely, the impact of vaccination was less pronounced.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We observed an association between prior infection status and higher Ct values, suggesting a decrease in viral load, which could possibly indicate lower transmissibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of praziquantel in pregnant women infected with Schistosoma haematobium","authors":"Benjamin T. Schleenvoigt ,&nbsp;Martha Holtfreter ,&nbsp;Tina Bohnes ,&nbsp;Dearie Glory Okwu ,&nbsp;Yaw Ampem Amoako ,&nbsp;Johannes Mischlinger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 107327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}