International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Sexual behaviors and risk of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales carriage: A cross-sectional analysis","authors":"Anders Boyd ,&nbsp;Pauline Mathieu ,&nbsp;Ugo Françoise ,&nbsp;Hayette Rougier ,&nbsp;Thibault Chiarabini ,&nbsp;Nadia Valin ,&nbsp;Karine Lacombe ,&nbsp;Paul-Louis Woerther ,&nbsp;Laure Surgers","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Sexual transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) is suspected. We aimed to identify clusters of sexual behavior associated with ESBL-E carriage among individuals at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, patients attending an STI-screening center and human immunodeficiency virus outpatient clinic in Paris, France between 2018 and 2019 were asked questions on the following sexual activities in the last 6 months: receptive/insertive anal intercourse, passive/active rimming, receptive/insertive fellatio, receptive/insertive fisting, receptive/insertive fingering, active/passive cunnilingus. ESBL-E carriage was determined from rectal swabs. Bayesian latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of sexual activity, which were then associated with ESBL-E carriage using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1211 men who have sex with men (MSM), those belonging to two latent classes with higher prevalence of insertive fingering and active rimming (ESBL-E prevalence=15.3%, <em>N</em> = 124 and 16.0%, <em>N</em> = 100) and one class with higher proportions of all behaviors (24.3%, <em>N</em> = 70) had a higher risk of ESBL-E carriage compared to those in a class with few sexual behaviors (7.3%, <em>N</em> = 259) after adjustment. Among 439 other men and 479 women, no clear associations between sexual clusters and ESBL-E carriage were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sexual behaviors are associated with varying degrees of ESBL-E carriage, particularly among MSM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human endocarditis on prosthetic valves due to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii","authors":"Iñaki Beguiristain ,&nbsp;Aitziber Aguinaga ,&nbsp;Miguel Fernandez-Huerta ,&nbsp;Rafael Sadaba ,&nbsp;Carmen Ezpeleta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bartonella</em> spp. infections are increasingly recognized as causes of zoonotic diseases. One of the most severe infections caused by <em>Bartonella</em> spp. is infective endocarditis, predominantly affecting individuals with underlying valvular heart disease, immunosuppression, and homelessness. The microbiological diagnosis of these endocarditis cases is highly challenging due to the fastidious nature of <em>Bartonella</em> spp., requiring specialized serologic and molecular tests in addition to blood cultures, which are usually negative. While <em>Bartonella henselae</em> and <em>Bartonella quintana</em> are the main species associated with these infections, other rarer <em>Bartonella</em> species are increasingly being identified in such cases. Herein, we report the first case of infective endocarditis on prosthetic heart valves caused by <em>Bartonella vinsonii</em> subsp. <em>berkhoffii</em> in a 74-year-old shepherd, also being the fourth reported human endocarditis case due to this pathogen. This <em>Bartonella</em> subspecies has been associated with canid exposure, as these animals are believed to be its main reservoir. Interestingly, in our case the bacteria grew in heart-valve culture, allowing for species identification by whole-genome sequencing. Our patient, whose risk factors included canid exposure, cardiac anomalies, and immunosuppression, is a clear example of the importance of considering this pathogen in such high-risk populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic enteric pathogen carriage and its association with proton pump inhibitors use in men who have sex with men in Taiwan, 2019-2022","authors":"Chin-Shiang Tsai ,&nbsp;Nan-Yao Lee ,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Szu-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Pei-Fang Tsai ,&nbsp;Huey-Pin Tsai ,&nbsp;Jiun-Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-Chien Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Currently recognized risk factors for sexually transmitted enteric infections (STEIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) include oroanal sex, multiple sexual partners, and chemsex. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the asymptomatic carriage of enteric pathogens in men who have sex with men (MSM) and to identify the associated risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Questionnaires were completed by 375 MSM in Taiwan from December 2019 to November 2022. Fecal samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR to determine whether seven enteric pathogens, including <em>Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis</em>, Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, Salmonella</em>, and <em>Shigella</em> species, were present.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 375 fecal samples from asymptomatic MSM, 27 (7.2%) fecal samples tested positive for at least one enteric pathogen. The recent use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) was significantly associated with asymptomatic fecal carriage (22.2% <em>vs.</em> 2.0%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). <em>G. duodenalis</em> (2.1%, 8 cases), <em>E. histolytica</em> (1.6%, 6 cases), and <em>Shigella</em> species (1.3%, 5 cases) were commonly detected. Oroanal sex and PPI use were associated with the asymptomatic carriage of enteric pathogens. Specifically, <em>Shigella, Salmonella</em>, or <em>Campylobacter</em> carriage was significantly correlated with PPI use. In contrast, rectal gonorrhea was associated with multiple sexual partners and prior syphilis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Recent use of PPIs was associated with the asymptomatic carriage of enteric pathogens. Therefore, targeted education about the appropriate use of PPIs is necessary to mitigate the risk of STEIs among MSM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the rise of autochthonous vector-borne diseases in a warming Europe","authors":"Wim A. Fleischmann ,&nbsp;Le Chi Cao ,&nbsp;Dennis Nurjadi ,&nbsp;Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perspective explores the emergence of autochthonous tropical diseases in Europe, driven by climate change and the associated increase in vector-borne diseases. Rising temperatures, along with changes in humidity and rainfall patterns, have altered the activity, distribution, and diversity of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Species like <em>Aedes albopictus</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, which are primary vectors of dengue, have established self-sustaining populations across Europe. This spread has led to a surge in cases of dengue fever, West Nile virus, and tick-borne encephalitis in temperate regions. The complexity of predicting these outbreaks is compounded by factors like vector diapause, serological cross-reactivity, and land-use changes. The perspective calls for the implementation of enhanced surveillance, weather-linked predictive models, and robust vector control strategies to mitigate the public health risks posed by the spread of these diseases. As climate change accelerates, Europe faces increasing health threats previously confined to tropical regions, emphasizing the need for proactive public health measures to protect populations from this growing threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors and the impact of tenofovir treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease among people living with HIV: A cross-sectional population-based study","authors":"Elisa de Lazzari ,&nbsp;Daniel K. Nomah ,&nbsp;Jose L. Blanco ,&nbsp;Naira Rico ,&nbsp;Xabier Filella ,&nbsp;Natalia Egri ,&nbsp;Raquel Ruiz ,&nbsp;Maria Angeles Marcos ,&nbsp;Maria del Mar Mosquera ,&nbsp;Jose Alcamí ,&nbsp;Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino ,&nbsp;Andreu Bruguera ,&nbsp;Carmen Hurtado ,&nbsp;Cristina Rovira ,&nbsp;Juan Ambrosioni ,&nbsp;Iván Chivite ,&nbsp;Ana González-Cordón ,&nbsp;Alexy Inciarte ,&nbsp;Montserrat Laguno ,&nbsp;María Martínez-Rebollar ,&nbsp;Jose M. Miro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The prevalence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated people living with HIV (PWH) are not well understood, and the protective role of tenofovir remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among unvaccinated PWH, and to evaluate the impact of tenofovir.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted as a cross-sectional study between November 2020 and May 2021. Plasma samples from 4,400 of 5,476 PWH were tested for total antibodies, IgG, IgM, and IgA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the participants (median age 48 years, 84% male), 92% had undetectable HIV viral loads and 5% had syphilis. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 18% (95% CI 17-19), with 1,180 individuals showing antibodies (IgG 13%, IgA 10%, IgM 11%). Of those seropositive for SARS-CoV-2, 67.5% were asymptomatic, 29% had mild disease, and 3.5% had severe/critical conditions. Risk factors included younger age, being female, men who have sex with men (MSM) status, non-European origin, and a history of syphilis. Neither antiretrovirals nor tenofovir provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ongoing surveillance and tailored interventions are crucial for at-risk PWH amid evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. Tenofovir did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The added value of serologic testing: A comparison of influenza incidence among pregnant persons based on molecular-based surveillance versus serologic testing","authors":"Wanitchaya Kittikraisak ,&nbsp;Yeny Tinoco ,&nbsp;Min Z. Levine ,&nbsp;Joshua A. Mott ,&nbsp;Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul ,&nbsp;Cesar Munayco ,&nbsp;Boonsong Rawangban ,&nbsp;Danielle Rentz Hunt ,&nbsp;Sarita Mohanty ,&nbsp;Meredith Wesley ,&nbsp;Giselle Soto ,&nbsp;Richard Florian ,&nbsp;Oswaldo Gonzales ,&nbsp;Santiago Cabrera ,&nbsp;Edwin Llajaruna ,&nbsp;Suvanna Asavapiriyanont ,&nbsp;Damon W. Ellison ,&nbsp;Parker Malek ,&nbsp;Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner ,&nbsp;Fatimah S. Dawood","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We examined the added value of serologic testing for estimating influenza virus infection incidence based on illness surveillance with molecular testing versus periodic serologic testing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pregnant persons unvaccinated against influenza at &lt;28 weeks gestation were enrolled before the 2017 and 2018 influenza seasons in Peru and Thailand. Blood specimens were collected at enrollment and ≤14 days postpartum for testing by hemagglutination inhibition assay for antibodies against influenza reference viruses. Seroconversion was defined as a ≥4-fold rise in antibody titers from enrollment to postpartum with the second specimen's titer of ≥40. Throughout pregnancy, participants responded to twice weekly surveillance contacts asking about influenza vaccination and influenza-like symptoms (ILS). A mid-turbinate swab was collected with each ILS episode for influenza real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1,466 participants without evidence of influenza vaccination during pregnancy, 296 (20.2%) had evidence of influenza virus infections. Fifteen (5.1%) were detected by rRT-PCR only, 250 (84.4%) by serologic testing only, and 31 (10.5%) by both methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Influenza virus infections during pregnancy occurred in 20% of cohort participants; &gt;80% were not detected by a broad illness case definition coupled with rRT-PCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of T cell response against XBB variants in adults who received either monovalent wild-type inactivated whole virus or mRNA vaccine or bivalent WT/BA.4-5 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as the additional booster","authors":"Yun Sang Tang ,&nbsp;Chee Wah Tan ,&nbsp;Ka Chun Chong ,&nbsp;Chunke Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Sun ,&nbsp;Karen Yiu ,&nbsp;Kwun Cheung Ling ,&nbsp;Ken K.P. Chan ,&nbsp;Malik Peiris ,&nbsp;Chris Ka Pun Mok ,&nbsp;David S. Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>As the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolves more rapidly than vaccines are updated, T cell immunity potentially confers protection against disease progression and death from new variants. In this study, we aimed to assess whether the current boosting vaccination schemes offer sufficient T cell protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 292 adults who had received the second booster of either monovalent wild-type (WT) vaccines (inactivated virus or mRNA) (Cohort 1) or the second/third booster of bivalent WT/BA.4-5 mRNA vaccine (Cohort 2) were recruited in Hong Kong. All participants showed no serological evidence of recent infection of SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples of each participant were collected before and 1 month after receiving the booster. T cell and antibody responses were determined by flow cytometry and neutralization test, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among all vaccination strategies, only the adults who had received the bivalent vaccine as the third booster dose significantly elicited T cell responses to the XBB variant. Either monovalent or bivalent mRNA but not inactivated virus vaccine as the second/third booster induced antibody against different XBB variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Receiving bivalent mRNA vaccine as the third booster is preferable to induce both T cell and antibody responses against XBB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and molecular analysis of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes at Namanga and Mutukula borders in Tanzania","authors":"Remidius Kamuhabwa Kakulu ,&nbsp;Josephine Vitus Kapinga ,&nbsp;Sima Rugarabamu ,&nbsp;Elison Kemibala ,&nbsp;Medard Beyanga ,&nbsp;Peter M. Mbelele ,&nbsp;Khalid Massa ,&nbsp;Esther Gwae Kimaro ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Abraham Mpolya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Yellow fever (YF) is a major public health concern, particularly in Africa and South America. This study aimed to detect YF in human and mosquito samples to understand transmission dynamics in the Tanzania–Uganda and Tanzania–Kenya cross-border areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples were collected from individuals aged ≥9 months for serological testing. Mosquitoes were captured and tested for YF virus RNA. Logistic regression models were used to predict seroprevalence and associated risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall YF seroprevalence was 12.5%, with higher rates among older individuals (7.0%) and female participants (immunoglobulin [Ig] G 4.4%, IgM 6.0%). Notably, YF virus RNA was detected in three out of 46 pools of 192 mosquitoes. The odds of testing positive for YF IgG were lower among those with primary education compared with college education (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.08-0.88) and increased with those experiencing muscle pain (AOR = 4.5, CI: 1.08-18.78) while the odds of testing positive to YF IgM increased with being female (AOR = 4.7, CI: 1.5-14.7), traveling to YF endemic areas (AOR = 5.2, CI: 1.35-44.75), exposure to Aedes mosquitoes (AOR = 3.7, CI: 1.27-10.84) and exhibiting bruising (AOR = 13.5, CI: 1.23-145.72)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although Tanzania has not experienced YF outbreaks, evidence of YF exposure at the studied borders highlights the need for strengthening cross-border surveillance, vector control, and vaccination efforts. Further research is needed to evaluate the country's overall YF risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 107270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of colistin combined with sulbactam: 9 g versus 12 g per day on mortality in the treatment of carbapenems resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Chutchawan Ungthammakhun ,&nbsp;Vasin Vasikasin ,&nbsp;Waristha Simsiriporn ,&nbsp;Piraporn Juntanawiwat ,&nbsp;Dhitiwat Changpradub","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The current treatment recommendation involves administering a high dose of sulbactam alongside at least one additional agent. However, there remains a lack of data regarding the optimal dosage of sulbactam. We investigated whether administering sulbactam at a dosage of 12 g/day decreases the mortality rate among patients with CRAB pneumonia compared to 9 g/day.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was an open-label, superiority, randomized controlled trial conducted at Phramongkutklao Hospital between September 2019 and September 2023 in patients diagnosed with CRAB. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination of colistin with either 9 or 12 g/day of sulbactam. The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality rate at 28 days postrandomization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 138 participants, there was a trend towards a lower mortality rate in the 12 g/day group (59.4% vs. 47.8%; <em>P</em> = 0.158). After adjusting for factors associated with mortality, a lower mortality was observed in the 12 g/day group (adjusted HR 0.54 [95% CI 0.33-0.87]; <em>P</em> = 0.0110). The microbiological cure rate at day 7 was higher in the 12 g/day group (73.2% vs. 89.4%; <em>P</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Colistin in combination with sulbactam at a dosage of 12 g/day may improve mortality compared to 9 g/day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the global and regional burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to leading pathogens and the protective effectiveness of immunization programs","authors":"Xiaoran Yu ,&nbsp;Huan Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Ma ,&nbsp;Wanning Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Reducing mortality from infectious diseases is an urgent global public health priority. <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae</em>, and influenza virus are the three leading causes of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) death worldwide. Our objective was to assess the global burden of LRIs attributable to <em>S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae</em>, and influenza virus and explore the protective effectiveness of immunization programs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and World Health Organization United Nations Children's Fund Estimates of National Immunization Coverage. Locally weighted linear regression and Spearman correlation analysis were used to examine the associations between LRI mortality and vaccination coverage. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the reduction in deaths that would be reduced by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and the <em>H. influenzae</em> type b (Hib) vaccine if all countries realized the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2021, about 30.2% of the 2.18 million LRI-related deaths were attributed to three studied pathogens. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate of LRIs was attributable to three pathogens decreased by more than half. In 2022, the global vaccination rates for PCV and Hib vaccines were 60.0% and 76.0%, respectively. The LRIs attributable to <em>S. pneumoniae</em> (<em>r_s</em> = −0.45, <em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and <em>H. influenzae</em> (<em>r_s</em> = −0.47, <em>P</em> &lt;0.001) decreased with the increasing vaccination coverage of PCV and Hib. By 2030, approximately 59.9% and 70.8% of countries worldwide will reach the IA2030 targets of 90% coverage for PCV and Hib, respectively. By that time, the number of deaths from LRIs in children attributable to <em>S. pneumoniae</em> and <em>H. influenzae</em> will decrease by 54.8% and 24.4%, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite the declines in LRI mortality attributed to respiratory pathogens, substantial deaths still occurred in 2021. To advance toward achieving the IA2030 targets and further mitigate mortality associated with LRIs, intensified efforts by the international community and national health systems are imperative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 107268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}