International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal and childhood exposure to bisphenols and bone mineral density in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort","authors":"Annika Sigvaldsen ,&nbsp;Hanne Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Frederik Damsgaard Højsager ,&nbsp;Anna-Maria Andersson ,&nbsp;Anders Juul ,&nbsp;Henriette Boye ,&nbsp;Marianne Skovsager Andersen ,&nbsp;Tina Kold Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disrupter used in several consumer products. Restricted use of BPA has led to increased use of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS). While previous studies found no associations between prenatal BPA and BPF exposure and bone mineral density (BMD), two recent cohort studies found that prenatal BPS exposure was negatively associated with bone mineral density in the offspring.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To determine possible associations between maternal and child urinary bisphenol concentrations, BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in 7-year-old healthy children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Pregnant women were recruited in 2010–2012 to participate in the Odense Child Cohort (OCC), Denmark. Maternal urine samples were collected in gestational week 28 and urinary BPA concentration was measured by isotope diluted LC-MS/MS. The children delivered a urine sample at age 7 years in which BPA, BPF and BPS were measured by an extended LS-MS/MS method based on the original method. At age 7 years DXA scans were performed and BMC and Z-score for BMD calculated. Associations between osmolality adjusted urinary maternal BPA and child BPA, BPF and BPS concentrations and BMC and BMD Z-score were examined by multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. Additionally, a combined effect of the bisphenols were evaluated by including the sum of child urinary BPA, BPF and BPS concentrations in the statistical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 546 mothers and 453 children aged 7 years participated. BPA was detected in 84% and 96% of the maternal and child urine samples, respectively. We found no significant association between maternal urinary BPA concentration during pregnancy and BMC and BMD Z-score in 7-year-old children. In addition, no association between current bisphenol exposure in tertiles and bone density was found, interestingly, current BPA and summed bisphenol exposure in the highest 10% was associated with lower BMD Z-score at age 7-years, statistically significant for boys.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In these low exposed children we found no association between prenatal or current bisphenol exposure in tertiles and BMD in healthy children, however, the highest 10% exposed children had lower BMD, significant for boys, suggesting a negative impact with high bisphenol exposure. The short half-lives of bisphenols and the cross-sectional nature of the child exposure prompt more longitudinal studies to further clarify this topic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000890/pdfft?md5=99b644321315e41d77d27c86d2297db2&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000890-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study","authors":"Yu Ni ,&nbsp;Adam A. Szpiro ,&nbsp;Christine T. Loftus ,&nbsp;Tomomi Workman ,&nbsp;Alexis Sullivan ,&nbsp;Erin R. Wallace ,&nbsp;Anne M. Riederer ,&nbsp;Drew B. Day ,&nbsp;Laura E. Murphy ,&nbsp;Ruby H.N. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Sheela Sathyanarayana ,&nbsp;Emily S. Barrett ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Enquobahrie ,&nbsp;Christopher Simpson ,&nbsp;Shaikh I. Ahmad ,&nbsp;Jessica A. Arizaga ,&nbsp;Brent R. Collett ,&nbsp;Karen J. Derefinko ,&nbsp;Kurunthachalam Kannan ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Karr","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8–9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114407"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000889/pdfft?md5=a697c0c6051e2f1c88cd69c59eabbf2d&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational noise and genetic variants in stress hormone biosynthesis-based genes and rates of blood lipid changes in China: A five-year longitudinal study","authors":"Xiayun Dai ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Ni,&nbsp;Jinfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Jiaojun Liang,&nbsp;Tian Xu,&nbsp;Zhiteng Min,&nbsp;Siqi Chen,&nbsp;Yong Yao,&nbsp;Guilin Yi,&nbsp;Yongbin Luo,&nbsp;Zhiwei Pan,&nbsp;Zhenlong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lipid profiles are influenced by both noise and genetic variants. However, little is known about the associations of occupational noise and genetic variants with age-related changes in blood lipids, a crucial event in the initiation and evolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the associations of blood lipid change rates with occupational noise and genetic variants in stress hormone biosynthesis-based genes. This cohort was established in 2012 and 2013 and was followed up until 2017. A total of 952 participants were included in the final analysis and all of them were categorized to two groups, the exposed group and control group, according to t</em>he exposed noise levels in their working area. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) <em>in stress hormone biosynthesis-based genes</em> were genotyped. Five physical examinations were conducted from 2012 to 2017 and lipid measurements were repeated five times. The estimated annual changes (EACs) of blood lipid were calculated as the difference in blood lipid levels between any 2 adjacent examinations divided by their time interval (year). The generalized estimating equations for repeated measures analyses with exchangeable correlation structures were used to evaluate the influence of exposing to noise (versus being a control) and the SNPs mentioned above on the EACs of blood lipids. We found that the participants experienced accelerated age-related decline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as they were exposed to noise (<em>β</em> = −0.38, 95% confidence interval (<em>CI</em>), −0.66 to −0.10, <em>P</em> = 0.007), after adjusting for work duration, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and pack-years. This trend was only found in participants with <em>COMT</em>-rs165815 TT genotype (<em>β</em> = −1.19, 95% <em>CI</em>, −1.80 to −0.58, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), but not in those with the CC or CT genotypes. The interaction of noise exposure and rs165815 was marginally significant (<em>P</em>_interaction = 0.010) after multiple adjustments. Compared with <em>DDC</em>-rs11978267 AA genotype carriers, participants carrying rs11978267 GG genotype had decreased EAC of triglycerides (TG) (<em>β</em> = −5.06, 95% <em>CI</em>, −9.07 to −1.05, <em>P</em> = 0.013). Participants carrying <em>DBH</em>-rs4740203 CC genotype had increased EAC of total cholesterol (TC) (<em>β</em> = 1.19, 95% <em>CI</em>, 0.06 to 2.33, <em>P</em> = 0.039). However, these findings were not statistically significant after multiple adjustments. These results indicated that Occupational noise exposure was associated with accelerated age-related decreases in HDL-C levels, and the <em>COMT</em>-rs165815 genotype appeared to modify the effect of noise exposure on HDL-C changes among the occupational population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood in the UPSIDE pregnancy cohort","authors":"Carolyn W. Kinkade ,&nbsp;Lauren M. Aleksunes ,&nbsp;Anita Brinker ,&nbsp;Brian Buckley ,&nbsp;Jessica Brunner ,&nbsp;Christina Wang ,&nbsp;Richard K. Miller ,&nbsp;Thomas G. O'Connor ,&nbsp;Zorimar Rivera-Núñez ,&nbsp;Emily S. Barrett","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zearalenone (ZEN) is a fungal-derived toxin found in global food supplies including cereal grains and processed foods, impacting populations worldwide through diet. Because the chemical structure of ZEN and metabolites closely resembles 17β-estradiol (E2), they interact with estrogen receptors α/β earning their designation as ‘mycoestrogens’. In animal models, gestational exposure to mycoestrogens disrupts estrogen activity and impairs fetal growth. Here, our objective was to evaluate relationships between mycoestrogen exposure and sex steroid hormone concentrations in maternal circulation and cord blood for the first time in humans. In each trimester, pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study (n = 297) provided urine for mycoestrogen analysis and serum for hormone analysis. At birth, placental mycoestrogens and cord steroids were measured. We fitted longitudinal models examining log-transformed mycoestrogen concentrations in relation to log-transformed hormones, adjusting for covariates. Secondarily, multivariable linear models examined associations at each time point (1st, 2nd, 3rd trimesters, delivery). We additionally considered effect modification by fetal sex. ZEN and its metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), were detected in &gt;93% and &gt;75% of urine samples; &gt;80% of placentas had detectable mycoestrogens. Longitudinal models from the full cohort exhibited few significant associations. In sex-stratified analyses, in pregnancies with male fetuses, estrone (E1) and free testosterone (fT) were inversely associated with ZEN (E1 %Δ: −6.68 95%CI: −12.34, −0.65; fT %Δ: −3.22 95%CI: −5.68, −0.70); while α-ZOL was positively associated with E2 (%Δ: 5.61 95%CI: −1.54, 9.85) in pregnancies with female fetuses. In analysis with cord hormones, urinary mycoestrogens were inversely associated with androstenedione (%Δ: 9.15 95%CI: 14.64, −3.30) in both sexes, and placental mycoestrogens were positively associated with cord fT (%Δ: 37.13, 95%CI: 4.86, 79.34) amongst male offspring. Findings support the hypothesis that mycoestrogens act as endocrine disruptors in humans, as in animal models and livestock. Additional work is needed to understand impacts on maternal and child health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114405"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000865/pdfft?md5=71edc2f93955ae7856000511d54ae880&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000865-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclophosphamide exposure factors in family caregivers for pediatric cancer patients","authors":"Yuko Noda ,&nbsp;Yuhki Koga ,&nbsp;Kenichiro Yamamura ,&nbsp;Junko Miyata ,&nbsp;Yuko Hamada ,&nbsp;Shouichi Ohga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exposure of family caregivers to anticancer drugs for pediatric patients with malignancy is a potential health risk that needs to be minimized. We monitored the amount of cyclophosphamide (CPM) that had adhered to the undershirts of patients and the personal protective equipment (PPE) of family caregivers as well as the caregivers' urine levels of CPM within the first three days after the first and second courses of high-dose CPM therapy. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) detected &gt;0.03 ng/ml of CPM in 26% (23/88) of urine samples from 8 of 11 (72.7%) patients’ family caregivers, with a peak of 0.7 ng/ml from 24 to 48 h after administration. Since urine CPM concentrations in family caregivers varied after the first and second courses, the exposure risk factors were analyzed by scoring the PPE-wearing time index (caring minutes × PPE points from wearing masks, gloves, and/or gowns) and CPM adhesion of PPE items with the caring patterns of diaper change, washing body care, oral care, eating assistance, emotional support, and co-sleeping. The closest association was observed for CPM adhesion between oral care gloves and undershirts (correlation coefficient 0.67, p = 0.001). The mixed-effect model analysis indicated only a significant correlation between the PPE-wearing time index and emotional care (playing, cuddling, and physical contact) (p = 0.016). These results suggest that prolonged emotional support results in poor PPE protection, which increases the risk of exposure in family caregivers. Strict PPE care within 48 h after high-dose CPM controls the exposure to high-risk anticancer drugs in caregivers of pediatric patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143846392400083X/pdfft?md5=6de46dce1a6c5705c284fb968f6b88a7&pid=1-s2.0-S143846392400083X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of chemical exposures in racial populations in Canada: An investigation based on the Canadian health measures survey","authors":"Subramanian Karthikeyan,&nbsp;Tyler Pollock,&nbsp;Mike Walker,&nbsp;Cheryl Khoury,&nbsp;Annie St-Amand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite demonstrated disparities in environmental chemical exposures by racial identity, no Canadian study has systematically assessed the feasibility of using a nationally representative dataset to examine differences in chemical concentrations by race. We assessed the feasibility and constraints of analysing chemical exposures in racial populations, including visible minorities and populations of Indigenous identity, using biomonitoring data collected through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Our primary objectives were to assess the ability to 1) generate geometric means and percentiles of chemical concentrations for racial populations by age or sex, 2) statistically compare concentrations among racial populations, and 3) calculate time trends of concentrations by race. We conducted these analyses for several priority chemicals: lead, cadmium, benzene, bisphenol A (BPA), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Survey participants self-identified as one of the following: White, Black, East and Southeast Asian, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American, First Nations, Metis, and Inuit. Analyses were conducted for individual and combined cycles of the CHMS. Using data from the latest CHMS cycle in which each chemical was measured, we observed that sample sizes were sufficient to report geometric mean concentrations for all races except Inuit. Due to privacy considerations associated with small sample sizes, the 5th and 95th percentile concentrations could not be consistently reported for all racial populations in this analysis. While we were able to statistically compare concentrations among racial populations, the analysis was constrained by the limited number of statistical degrees of freedom available in a single CHMS cycle. Both of these constraints were alleviated by combining multiple cycles of data. The analysis of time trends was less subject to privacy and statistical limitations; we were able to calculate time trends of chemical concentrations for all racial populations. Our findings provide an important baseline for follow-up investigations of descriptive and etiological analyses of environmental chemical exposures and race in the CHMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000877/pdfft?md5=c8855c67a321a8f80be651d479c4a0b4&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between extreme weather and cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in Colorado: A multi-decade study using distributed-lag nonlinear models","authors":"Elise N. Grover ,&nbsp;James L. Crooks ,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Carlton ,&nbsp;Sara H. Paull ,&nbsp;William B. Allshouse ,&nbsp;Rachel H. Jervis ,&nbsp;Katherine A. James","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmentally-mediated protozoan diseases like cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are likely to be highly impacted by extreme weather, as climate-related conditions like temperature and precipitation have been linked to their survival, distribution, and overall transmission success. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between extreme temperature and precipitation and cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis infection using monthly weather data and case reports from Colorado counties over a twenty-one year period. Data on reportable diseases and weather among Colorado counties were collected using the Colorado Electronic Disease Reporting System (CEDRS) and the Daily Surface Weather and Climatological Summaries (Daymet) Version 3 dataset, respectively. We used a conditional Poisson distributed-lag nonlinear modeling approach to estimate the lagged association (between 0 and 12-months) between relative temperature and precipitation extremes and the risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis infection in Colorado counties between 1997 and 2017, relative to the risk found at average values of temperature and precipitation for a given county and month. We found distinctly different patterns in the associations between temperature extremes and cryptosporidiosis, versus temperature extremes and giardiasis. When maximum or minimum temperatures were high (90th percentile) or very high (95th percentile), we found a significant increase in cryptosporidiosis risk, but a significant decrease in giardiasis risk, relative to risk at the county and calendar-month mean. Conversely, we found very similar relationships between precipitation extremes and both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, which highlighted the prominent role of long-term (&gt;8 months) lags. Our study presents novel insights on the influence that extreme temperature and precipitation can have on parasitic disease transmission in real-world settings. Additionally, we present preliminary evidence that the standard lag periods that are typically used in epidemiological studies to assess the impacts of extreme weather on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis may not be capturing the entire relevant period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared sanitation in informal settlements: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, preferences, and quality","authors":"Lauren Sprouse ,&nbsp;Sarah Lebu ,&nbsp;Jackqueline Nguyen ,&nbsp;Chimdi Muoghalu ,&nbsp;Andromede Uwase ,&nbsp;Jiahui Guo ,&nbsp;Carrie Baldwin-SoRelle ,&nbsp;Carmen Anthonj ,&nbsp;Sheillah N. Simiyu ,&nbsp;John Apambilla Akudago ,&nbsp;Musa Manga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shared sanitation facilities are not considered a type of basic sanitation by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), though they may be the only alternative to open defecation in urban informal settlements. Additionally, JMP indicators for sanitation do not cover aspects related to the quality of shared sanitation, such as those outlined in the Human Right to Water and Sanitation (HRTWS) framework. Data on the prevalence of shared sanitation within informal settlement areas is limited, and there is a need to understand user preferences, experiences, and barriers to the use of shared sanitation to inform effective policy and practice. This systematic review aims to summarize the prevalence and number of households sharing sanitation in informal settlements globally, as well as user experiences and barriers to successful implementation of shared sanitation. We included studies available in English and published after January 1, 2000. We retrieved 4741 articles from seven databases and included a total of 167 relevant publications. Among included studies, 54 reported the prevalence of shared sanitation in informal settlements, and 138 studies reported on user perceptions and experiences related to shared sanitation quality. A meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of shared sanitation in informal settlements globally revealed an estimated overall prevalence of 67% [95% CI: 61%–73%]. Commonly reported user preferences included cleanliness to promote continued use of shared facilities, privacy with a lockable door, facilities for menstrual hygiene management, safety and protection against violence, 24/7 access, proper lighting, and shared responsibility for facility management — which align with the HRTWS framework and represent barriers to shared sanitation use. Based on the findings of this review, we recommend including the number of households or people sharing a sanitation facility in monitoring of shared sanitation quality, locating sanitation facilities within compounds, where applicable, and promoting safety, dignity, and privacy of all users in the development of shared sanitation quality indicators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114392"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff microbiome quality assessment of a city center rainwater harvesting zone shows a differentiation of pathogen loads according to human mobility patterns","authors":"Rayan Bouchali ,&nbsp;Claire Mandon ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Danty - Berger ,&nbsp;Alain Géloën ,&nbsp;Laurence Marjolet ,&nbsp;Benjamin Youenou ,&nbsp;Adrien C.M. Pozzi ,&nbsp;Sophie Vareilles ,&nbsp;Wessam Galia ,&nbsp;Gislain Lipeme Kouyi ,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Toussaint ,&nbsp;Benoit Cournoyer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hygienic quality of urban surfaces can be impaired by multiple sources of microbiological contaminants. These surfaces can trigger the development of multiple bacterial taxa and favor their spread during rain events through the circulation of runoff waters. These runoff waters are commonly directed toward sewer networks, stormwater infiltration systems or detention tanks prior a release into natural water ways. With water scarcity becoming a major worldwide issue, these runoffs are representing an alternative supply for some usage like street cleaning and plant watering. Microbiological hazards associated with these urban runoffs, and surveillance guidelines must be defined to favor these uses. Runoff microbiological quality from a recently implemented city center rainwater harvesting zone was evaluated through classical fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) assays, quantitative PCR and DNA meta-barcoding analyses. The incidence of socio-urbanistic patterns on the organization of these urban microbiomes were investigated. FIB and DNA from Human-specific <em>Bacteroidales</em> and pathogens such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were detected from most runoffs and showed broad distribution patterns. 16S rRNA DNA meta-barcoding profilings further identified core recurrent taxa of health concerns like <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em>, <em>Aeromonas</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>, and divided these communities according to two main groups of socio-urbanistic patterns. One of these was highly impacted by heavy traffic, and showed recurrent correlation networks involving bacterial hydrocarbon degraders harboring significant virulence properties. The <em>tpm</em>-based meta-barcoding approach identified some of these taxa at the species level for more than 30 genera. Among these, recurrent pathogens were recorded such as <em>P. aeruginosa, P. paraeruginosa,</em> and <em>Aeromonas caviae</em>. <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>A. caviae tpm</em> reads were found evenly distributed over the study site but those of <em>P. paraeruginosa</em> were higher among sub-catchments impacted by heavy traffic. Health risks associated with these runoff <em>P. paraeruginosa</em> emerging pathogens were high and associated with strong cytotoxicity on A549 lung cells. Recurrent detections of pathogens in runoff waters highlight the need of a microbiological surveillance prior allowing their use. Good microbiological quality can be obtained for certain typologies of sub-catchments with good hygienic practices but not all. A reorganization of Human mobility and behaviors would likely trigger changes in these bacterial diversity patterns and reduce the occurrences of the most hazardous groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114391"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463924000725/pdfft?md5=53f3bfae1064b87ec90e7b94800a652d&pid=1-s2.0-S1438463924000725-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141089222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water sources, quality, and associated health outcomes in Appalachian Virginia: A risk characterization study in two counties","authors":"Alasdair Cohen ,&nbsp;Md Rasheduzzaman ,&nbsp;Bethesda O'Connell ,&nbsp;Teresa Brown ,&nbsp;Mami Taniuchi ,&nbsp;Leigh-Anne Krometis ,&nbsp;Alan Hubbard ,&nbsp;Phillip Scheuerman ,&nbsp;Marc Edwards ,&nbsp;Amanda Darling ,&nbsp;Blaine Pennala ,&nbsp;Sarah Price ,&nbsp;Breanna Lytton ,&nbsp;Erin Wettstone ,&nbsp;Suporn Pholwat ,&nbsp;Honorine Ward ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Hallinger ,&nbsp;Steven O. Simmons ,&nbsp;Shannon M. Griffin ,&nbsp;Jason Kobylanski ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Wade","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In the US, violations of drinking water regulations are highest in lower-income rural areas overall, and particularly in Central Appalachia. However, data on drinking water use, quality, and associated health outcomes in rural Appalachia are limited. We sought to assess public and private drinking water sources and associated risk factors for waterborne pathogen exposures for individuals living in rural regions of Appalachian Virginia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We administered surveys and collected tap water, bottled water, and saliva samples in lower-income households in two adjacent rural counties in southwest Virginia (bordering Kentucky and Tennessee). Water samples were tested for pH, temperature, conductivity, total coliforms, <em>E. coli</em>, free chlorine, nitrate, fluoride, heavy metals, and specific pathogen targets. Saliva samples were analyzed for antibody responses to potentially waterborne infections. We also shared water analysis results with households.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We enrolled 33 households (83 individuals), 82% (n = 27) with utility-supplied water and 18% with private wells (n = 3) or springs (n = 3). 58% (n = 19) reported household incomes of &lt;$20,000/year. Total coliforms were detected in water samples from 33% (n = 11) of homes, <em>E. coli</em> in 12%, all with wells or springs (n = 4), and <em>Aeromonas</em>, <em>Campylobacter</em>, and <em>Enterobacter</em> in 9%, all spring water (n = 3). Diarrhea was reported for 10% of individuals (n = 8), but was not associated with <em>E. coli</em> detection. 34% (n = 15) of saliva samples had detectable antibody responses for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp.<em>, C. jejuni</em>, and Hepatitis E. After controlling for covariates and clustering, individuals in households with septic systems and straight pipes had significantly higher likelihoods of antibody detection (risk ratios = 3.28, 95%CI = 1.01–10.65).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to collect and analyze drinking water samples, saliva samples, and reported health outcome data from low-income households in Central Appalachia. Our findings indicate that utility-supplied water in this region was generally safe, and individuals in low-income households without utility-supplied water or sewerage have higher exposures to waterborne pathogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 114390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}