International journal of hygiene and environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Potential over-adjustment bias in cohort studies of air pollution and health: A methodological study","authors":"Han Luo ,&nbsp;Yinyan Gao ,&nbsp;Weijia Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Sun ,&nbsp;Irene Xinyin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Confounder adjustment is essential in causal inference studies; however, over-adjustment—excessive statistical adjustment—can bias causal effect estimation. This issue is prevalent in environmental health impact studies but has not received sufficient attention. This study aimed to investigate current practices regarding over-adjustment in studies examining long-term air pollution exposure and health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed from January 2021 to October 2023 for cohort studies published in high-impact journals that investigated long-term ambient air pollution exposure (including ambient fine particulate, carbon monoxide, compounds, oxynitride, ozone, sulfur dioxide) and health outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted relevant information. Potential over-adjustment was identified based on the Modified Disjunctive Cause Criterion. Descriptive analyses were performed on all data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 175 studies were included. Only 26 (14.9%) employed directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for variable selection. More than half of the studies (122, 69.7%) exhibited potential over-adjustment; of these, 120 (68.6%) adjusted for mediators and 2 (1.1%) adjusted for both mediators and colliders. The most commonly adjusted mediators were Body Mass Index (98, 56.0%) and hypertension (25, 14.3%). Studies that applied DAGs demonstrated a significantly lower proportion of over-adjustment (42.3% vs 74.5%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A considerable proportion of cohort studies on air pollution and health exhibit potential over-adjustment, with a few employing DAGs for confounder selection to mitigate this issue. We emphasize the importance of avoiding potential over-adjustment and advocate for the proper use of DAGs in accordance with established methodological guidelines to reduce the risk of over-adjustment and improve the validity of future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the external exposome of newborns from La Palma Island, Spain: characteristics of realistic mixtures and its role on Precision Public Health","authors":"Ángelo Santana del Pino ,&nbsp;María Del Pino Quintana-Montesdeoca ,&nbsp;Katherine Simbaña-Rivera ,&nbsp;Manuel Zumbado ,&nbsp;Octavio P. Luzardo ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Raúl Cabrera-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Maira del Pino Almeida-González ,&nbsp;Luis D. Boada","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The exposome framework provides an integrative perspective to characterize real-life exposures beyond single-chemical assessments. However, evidence on perinatal exposomes in non-urban populations is limited, particularly regarding pollutant mixtures and their contribution to adverse birth outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study including 471 neonates from La Palma (Spain). A total of 106 pollutants were quantified in cord blood using validated methods. Exposures encompassed essential elements, toxic metals, prioritized pollutants, emerging elements, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), grouped into seven categories. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation matrices, principal component analysis (PCA), and network visualization, stratified by sex, birthweight, and maternal smoking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Essential elements (Se, Zn, Cu, Mn) were detected in all samples, whereas emerging rare earth elements showed lower prevalence. PCA highlighted distinct exposure profiles, with PAHs and OCPs explaining the highest variance. Maternal smoking strongly influenced clustering: small for gestational age neonates from smoking mothers displayed a specific mixture of PAHs, OCPs, low-chlorinated PCBs, and Pb, contrasting with neonates of appropriate or large for gestational age. Network analyses revealed four main pollutant clusters, diverging from the seven predefined chemical groups and reflecting real-world mixtures shaped by common sources. Emerging pollutants, including rare earth elements and metals from electronic waste, formed a separate cluster.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposome-based approaches can characterize neonatal exposure mixtures, reveal modifiable patterns, and inform targeted interventions within Precision Public Health. These findings underscore the need to mitigate maternal smoking and address emerging contaminant exposures in perinatal populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 114761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide across wildfire seasons in the wildland firefighter exposure and health effect (WFFEHE) study","authors":"Chieh-Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Kathleen Clark ,&nbsp;Olorunfemi Adetona ,&nbsp;Kathleen Navarro DuBose ,&nbsp;Corey Butler ,&nbsp;Alejandra Ramirez-Cardenas ,&nbsp;James Odei ,&nbsp;Molly West ,&nbsp;Christa Hale","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Long-term pulmonary effects of wildland firefighting are unclear even though lung function declines have been observed following wildfire season and firefighting shift.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Spirometry and airway inflammation indicated as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured among 152 wildland firefighters (WFFs) at the beginning (pre-season, April &amp; May) and end (post-season, September &amp; October) of the 2018 and/or 2019 wildfire seasons and among 19 WFFs at across 3 days of firefighting during a 2019 mid-season wildfire deployment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall peak expiratory flow (PEF) and percent of predicted PEF (PEF%) significantly decreased across fire season when 2018 and 2019 measurements were combined (−0.15 ± 0.07 L/s, <em>p</em> = 0.04; −1.87 ± 0.71%, <em>p</em> = 0.01; respectively), more so due to 2018 declines. PEF% and percent of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) significantly improved between 2018 post-season and 2019 pre-season (i.e., off-season) (3.08 ± 1.26%, <em>p</em> = 0.02; 0.99 ± 0.41%, <em>p</em> = 0.02; respectively). FVC and FVC% significantly decreased across a firefighting shift on the first day of wildfire deployment (−0.12 ± 0.03 L, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01; −2.35 ± 0.64%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). FeNO significantly decreased across the 2018 and 2019 fire seasons (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and significantly increased during the off-season (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). FeNO also showed statistically significant cross-shift decreases on the second day of wildfire deployment (−3.50 ± 0.95 ppm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seasonal wildland firefighting were associated with decreases in lung function and FeNO as well as increases in respiratory symptom score in this cohort. While lung function recovered during the off-season among the WFFs, the results suggest a need for longer-term studies to determine the impact of chronic wildland firefighting on pulmonary health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114729"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational PBDE concentrations and functional connectivity in adolescents: The HOME Study","authors":"Jonathan Dudley ,&nbsp;Kimberly Yolton ,&nbsp;Alex D. Edmondson ,&nbsp;Yingying Xu ,&nbsp;Aimin Chen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Strawn ,&nbsp;Joseph M. Braun ,&nbsp;Andreas Sjodin ,&nbsp;Bruce P. Lanphear ,&nbsp;Kim M. Cecil","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) exposure is linked with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in children, but scientists do not fully understand how these flame retardants damage the developing brain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We estimated the association of gestational PBDE serum concentrations and intrinsic functional connectivity in 143 adolescents from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort enrolling from 2003 to 2006.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured maternal serum concentrations of five PBDE congeners and created a summary variable (∑₅BDE) during pregnancy. At age 12 years, we acquired high resolution anatomical and resting state functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging to examine the relationship between gestational concentrations and intrinsic functional connectivity, adjusting for covariates. We assessed behaviors, mental health symptoms, and executive function using self- and caregiver-reports. We examined whether functional connectivity patterns mediated the observed associations between gestational PBDE concentrations and neurobehavioral outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher gestational BDE-153 serum concentrations were associated with higher local correlation in the left inferior lateral occipital cortex. Higher gestational PBDE serum concentrations (BDE-28, -47, −99, −100, and the ∑₅BDE) were associated with reduced global correlation in the primary visual cortex. Seed-to-voxel connectivity patterns showed significant mediation for associations between ∑₅BDE and neurobehavioral outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Higher gestational PBDE serum concentrations were associated with diminished connectivity in the primary visual cortex. Connectivity patterns also mediated the relationship between gestational ∑₅BDE concentrations and neurobehavioral outcomes at age 12. These findings suggest that gestational PBDE exposure alters how the brain processes visual information across global networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between exposure to environmental pollutants, metabolic syndrome risk, and obesity-related anthropometric indices","authors":"Iman Al-Saleh ,&nbsp;Rola Elkhatib ,&nbsp;Reem Alswayeh ,&nbsp;Reem Al-Rouqi ,&nbsp;Mawadah Baali ,&nbsp;Yara Aljerayed ,&nbsp;Sophia S. De Padua ,&nbsp;Hissah Alnuwaysir ,&nbsp;Ghada Hussein ,&nbsp;Habiba Sultana ,&nbsp;Naveed Yousaf ,&nbsp;Abass Waqar ,&nbsp;Khalid Alhusayn ,&nbsp;Shoaib Khan ,&nbsp;Amber Shammama ,&nbsp;Abdullah Aldowaish ,&nbsp;Fadiah Alkattabi ,&nbsp;Ghadah Almansour ,&nbsp;Gamal Mohamed ,&nbsp;Edward Devol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollutants—including heavy metals, phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (assessed via urinary 1-hydroxypyrene), and volatile organic compounds (assessed via benzene metabolites)—have been linked to metabolic dysfunction. Yet, population-based evidence across age groups remains limited. This study examined associations between exposure to multiple pollutants and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, focusing on novel obesity-related anthropometric indices that capture subtle metabolic alterations. Originally designed as a case–control study, it was analyzed cross-sectionally among 536 participants aged ≥10 years at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Biomarkers of metals, phthalates, BPA, PAHs, and benzene were quantified in blood and urine. MetS components and advanced anthropometric indices—A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Conicity Index (CI), Waist-Triglyceride Index (WTI), Body Roundness Index, Visceral Adiposity Index, Lipid Accumulation Product, and Cardiometabolic Index—were evaluated using multivariable logistic and linear regression adjusted for relevant covariates, with percent change expressing relative change in outcomes per ln-unit increase in pollutant concentration. In adults (≥18 years), no pollutant was significantly associated with MetS; however, blood cadmium was linked to higher WHtR (+2.4 %) and CI (+1.1 %) and lower fasting glucose (−3.1 %), while mercury increased fasting glucose (+1.7 %), ABSI (+0.6 %), and CI (+0.6 %). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was positively associated with ABSI and CI (∼+0.9 %), and the cumulative blood-metal index increased ABSI (+1.9 %) and CI (+2.1 %). In children (&lt;18 years), arsenic increased systolic pressure (+1.2 %), whereas lead and DEHP metabolites showed inverse associations with diastolic pressure, triglycerides, and central adiposity indices. Metals exerted stronger effects in adults, whereas phthalate-related associations appeared inverse in children, underscoring age- and matrix-dependent exposure–response differences and the value of advanced anthropometric indices for detecting early pollutant-related metabolic alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in a pregnancy cohort: daily variability, and predictors of exposure","authors":"Lyndsay Caton ,&nbsp;Susan MacPherson ,&nbsp;Tye E. Arbuckle ,&nbsp;Mark Walker ,&nbsp;Mandy Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphates (OP) are commonly used agricultural pesticides. In 2009–2010, 80 pregnant women were recruited from Ottawa, Canada for the Plastics and Personal-care Product use in Pregnancy (P4) Study. A subset (n = 25) collected multiple spot urines (up to 10 each; total n = 431) over two 24-h periods in early pregnancy - one weekday and weekend day - while logging their food consumption beginning 24 h prior to the first urine void and continuing through the following 24-h urine collection period. Urine samples (n = 431 samples) were analyzed for six dialkyl OP metabolites, dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethylphosphate (DEP). This is the first study to look at within day variability of OP pesticide metabolites. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC's) were highest for DMP on weekend days (0.82) and lowest for DEDTP (0.35). Using a single spot urine to predict high urinary concentrations compared to the geometric mean of the participant's remaining samples for that day showed median sensitivities ranging from 67 to 87 % (weekday) and 73–81 % (weekend). This study was underpowered to see clear group differences; however molar sum dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolite concentrations over the 24 h weekday collection period increased or remained stable in urine samples collected &gt;6–12 h post-consumption of most food groups. We encourage future research with a larger sample size and more diverse participants, with a focus on OPs that are increasing or remaining stable over time including DEP and metabolites of pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In utero and early childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and use of antibiotics in children from the Odense Child Cohort: A Danish cohort study","authors":"Nete Lundager Klokker Rausgaard ,&nbsp;Lise Gehrt ,&nbsp;Martin Thomsen Ernst ,&nbsp;Iben Have Beck ,&nbsp;Flemming Nielsen ,&nbsp;Helene Kildegaard ,&nbsp;Anton Pottegård ,&nbsp;Tina Kold Jensen ,&nbsp;Lars Christian Lund","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases. We aimed to investigate if in utero and early childhood exposure to PFAS was associated with the number of antibiotic prescriptions up to eight years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 2448 singleton mother-child pairs from the Odense Child Cohort, 1425 had sufficient information on key variables and were included in the primary analysis. Information on redeemed antibiotic prescriptions from birth to eight years of age was obtained from the Danish National Prescription Registry. Longitudinal discrete-time Poisson models were used to quantify the relationship between PFAS and the number of antibiotic prescriptions redeemed. Analyses were carried out separately for PFAS measured in the mother during pregnancy and in the child at 18 months of age. Missing information was imputed using Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We observed no differences in the number of antibiotic prescriptions in the first eight years of life when comparing median and high PFAS concentrations measured in both pregnancy and at 18 months of age (rate ratio PFOA 1.01, 95 % confidence interval 0.94–1.08; PFOS 1.08, 0.98–1.19; PFNA 1.00, 0.94–1.07; PFDA 0.99, 0.94–1.04; PFHxS 1.02, 0.98–1.07).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found no association between in utero or early childhood PFAS concentrations and number of antibiotic prescriptions up to eight years of age. Antibiotic prescriptions may be an unspecific marker of childhood infections, hampering the possibility to observe an association with PFAS exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Real World Evidence Registry: <span><span>https://osf.io/dyqxm</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, registered March 8, 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary cotinine cut-offs for tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and associations with child intelligence quotient: A multi-cohort analysis","authors":"Yu Ni ,&nbsp;Logan C. Dearborn ,&nbsp;Adam A. Szpiro ,&nbsp;Christine T. Loftus ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Nicole R. Bush ,&nbsp;Kaja Z. LeWinn ,&nbsp;Marnie F. Hazlehurst ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Northrup ,&nbsp;Penelope J.E. Quintana ,&nbsp;Eunha Hoh ,&nbsp;Georg Matt ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Karr","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2026.114744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke may impair neurodevelopment in children. However, accurately characterizing this exposure remains challenging.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We pursued two objectives in this large population study. First, in 1708 pregnant women from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, we constructed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine urinary cotinine cut-offs to classify firsthand (FHS), environmental (ETS), and no exposure, and further distinguished secondhand (SHS) from thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure within ETS. Second, among 1593 participants in three pregnancy cohorts nested in ECHO, we fit multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between the newly defined smoke exposures and child full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 4–6 years, and to assess potential effect modification by maternal education or neighborhood deprivation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Optimal cotinine cut-offs were 17.74 ng/mL and 0.44 ng/mL to discriminate FHS and no exposure, respectively. Among the ETS group, a cut-off of 5.69 ng/mL differentiated SHS from THS. Applying these optimal cut-offs, we estimated a 0.93-point (95 %CI: 3.44, 1.59) and a 1.03-point (95 %CI: 2.84, 0.79) lower child IQ in the FHS and ETS categories, respectively, compared to no exposure. The inverse association between prenatal ETS and child IQ was mainly driven by SHS. Stronger associations were suggested in subgroups with higher education attainment or those living in less deprived neighborhoods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides a novel classification of prenatal tobacco smoke exposures. Although the associations with child IQ were statistically insignificant, the study carries important implications for future research on developmental origins of diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal preconception urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and F in relation to in vitro fertilization outcomes: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Ningxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Lingling Zhai ,&nbsp;Yannan Zhao ,&nbsp;Kuai Yu ,&nbsp;Lihong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for the widely recognized environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA), is increasingly utilized in consumer products. Despite the well-established association of BPA with adverse reproductive outcomes, the association with BPF exposure on <em>in vitro</em> fertilization (IVF) outcomes remains largely unknown, particularly regarding paternal exposure, given that male factors already account for approximately 40 % of global infertility. We aimed to evaluate the associations between exposure to BPA and BPF and IVF outcomes among men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. The study enrolled 128 men undergoing ART treatment from a prospective cohort study in Shenyang, China, between September 2020 and February 2021. Urinary levels of bisphenols using mass spectrometry. Compared to the lowest quartile, men with urinary BPA concentrations in the highest quartile had 0.10 lower adjusted fertilization rate (95 % CI: 0.18, −0.02). Men with urinary BPA concentrations in the highest quartile had a lower probability of live birth compared to those with concentrations in the lowest quartile (adjusted RR = 0.27, 95 % CI: 0.09, −0.86). The quantile g-computation (QGC) model revealed that per quantile increase in the bisphenol mixture was inversely associated with fertilization rate (adjusted β = −0.04, 95 % CI: 0.07, −0.01) and probability of live birth (adjusted RR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.34, 0.85). Male co-exposure to BPA and BPF was inversely associated with IVF outcomes, including reduced fertilization rate and the probability of a live birth. Public health initiatives should prioritize reducing bisphenol exposure in men to mitigate infertility risks, not merely focusing on women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal and paternal smoking and offspring antral follicle count in women from an infertility clinic","authors":"Sarahna A. Moyd ,&nbsp;Robert B. Hood ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Lidia Minguez-Alarcon ,&nbsp;Russ Hauser ,&nbsp;Irene Souter ,&nbsp;Audrey J. Gaskins","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ovarian reserve is established <em>in utero</em>, and therefore may be influenced by parental characteristics such as tobacco smoking. However, the epidemiologic literature on parental smoking and adult antral follicle count (AFC) remains conflicted.</div></div><div><h3>Research design and methods</h3><div>Our study included 631 women enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study, a prospective cohort at an academic fertility center between 2005 and 2019. Exposure was assessed by women self-reporting their mother's and father's overall and pregnancy specific smoking status. Outcome was assessed via AFC measured using transvaginal ultrasonography day 3 of an unstimulated menstrual cycle or progesterone withdrawal bleed. Adjusted multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate associations between participant maternal and paternal smoking exposure and AFC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The women in our study were mostly ≥35 years (55 %), never smokers (74 %), college-educated (92 %), White (84 %), and US born (76 %). The median AFC was 13.5 (interquartile range: 8–18). History of maternal smoking was not associated with AFC (ever vs never smoker: 1.3 %, 95 % CI: 8.4 %, 6.4 %) nor was maternal smoking during pregnancy (smoked during pregnancy vs. never smoker: 4.6 %, 95 % CI: 7.6 %, 18.4 %). History of paternal smoking was associated with lower AFC (ever vs never: 9.9 %; 95 % CI: 16.3 %, −2.9 %). Participants who reported that both their parents were ever smokers averaged 10.9 % lower AFC (95 % CI: 18.6 %, −2.5 %) compared to participants whose parents never smoked.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Paternal smoking, including time periods outside the pregnancy window, may negatively influence the long-term ovarian development and function in female offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>NCT00011713.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13994,"journal":{"name":"International journal of hygiene and environmental health","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 114719"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}