International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications最新文献_第7页

A High-Efficiency Codesign Method for Bandgap Circuit by Submodule Optimization 基于子模块优化的带隙电路高效协同设计方法

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4423

Yunqi Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xianglong Wang, Di Li, Yintang Yang

{"title":"A High-Efficiency Codesign Method for Bandgap Circuit by Submodule Optimization","authors":"Yunqi Yang, Dongdong Chen, Xianglong Wang, Di Li, Yintang Yang","doi":"10.1002/cta.4423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4423","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a high-efficiency codesign method for bandgap circuit (BGR) circuit by submodule optimization is proposed. In the proposed method, the BGR circuit is divided into operation amplifier module (OPM) and reference voltage generation module (RVGM) to be separately optimized to improve the optimization design efficiency. Firstly, the OPM is optimized based on neural network (NN) model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. NN models are established to describe the relationship between design parameters and performance metrics of OPM, and then the parameters of OPM are optimized by PSO algorithm according to the established optimization function with constraints. The parameters of RVGM are optimized based on the optimized OPM. The high-accuracy approximate equations of temperature coefficient (TC) are established based on compensation functions. The TC, total area, and total power consumption are co-optimized by interior point method. According to the optimized parameters of OPM and RVGM, the verifications are conducted by Cadence. The results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the design efficiency of BGR circuit, whose total running time is only 552.5 s. Meanwhile, the optimized TC is 4.76 ppm/°C over −40°C–125°C at 2.5-V supply, and the optimized area and power consumption are 0.0187 mm<sup>2</sup> and 288.5 μW. The Monte Carlo results show that <i>V</i><sub>ref</sub> has a standard deviation of 1.503 mV, which is only 0.12% across 1000 runs, so the <i>V</i><sub>ref</sub> is very stable. Therefore, the proposed codesign method can be used to effectively optimize the BGR circuit.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5141-5154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Realization of PVT Independent Current-Mode CMOS Exponential Circuit PVT独立电流型CMOS指数电路的实现

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4414

Mazen M. Abouelezz, Muneer A. Al-Absi

引用次数: 0

An Adaptive Photosensitivity Pixel for Synchronous Spiking Sensor 同步尖峰传感器的自适应光敏像素

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4417

Kaiming Nie, Zhao Yang, Xiaopei Shi, Yanghao He, Jiangtao Xu, Jing Gao

{"title":"An Adaptive Photosensitivity Pixel for Synchronous Spiking Sensor","authors":"Kaiming Nie, Zhao Yang, Xiaopei Shi, Yanghao He, Jiangtao Xu, Jing Gao","doi":"10.1002/cta.4417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4417","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces a novel spiking pixel based on the synchronous readout operation. This design achieves pixel adaptation sensitivity to light, effectively overcoming a fundamental challenge of conventional pixels. It is achieved by assessing the trigger interval, which is the number of frame periods required for two successive pulses in the pixel's output, and dynamically adjusting the reference voltage. Combined with this technique, this novel spiking pixel can enhance sensitivity under low illumination conditions; simultaneously, it seeks to reduce trigger frequency in high-light conditions. Analysis of the proposed pixel reveals that it extends dynamic range and reduce the impact of the average relative error, representing a notable improvement over existing traditional pixel designs. When the ratio between the two integration voltage ranges of the proposed pixel is 9, the dynamic range can be extended by 18.26 dB. With integration voltage ranges of 300 and 900 mV, the mean average relative error of the proposed pixel is 0.1261 under varying Process, Voltage, and Temperature conditions, demonstrating superior performance compared to the traditional pixels.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5086-5095"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Online State of Charge Estimation for Battery Based on the Improved Double Fraction-Order Multi-Innovation Unscented Kalman Filter With Full Parameters Identification and Self-Rectification of Covariance Matrices 基于全参数辨识和协方差矩阵自校正的改进双分数阶多创新无气味卡尔曼滤波的电池在线充电状态估计

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4404

Likun Xing, Hengqi Ren, Zhenyun Zhang

{"title":"Online State of Charge Estimation for Battery Based on the Improved Double Fraction-Order Multi-Innovation Unscented Kalman Filter With Full Parameters Identification and Self-Rectification of Covariance Matrices","authors":"Likun Xing, Hengqi Ren, Zhenyun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cta.4404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The state of charge (SOC) is an extremely important indicator of the lithium cell. Currently, traditional identification algorithms and integer-order models are poorly adaptive and unable to respond to the dynamic characteristics of batteries in real time, whereas unscented Kalman filtering is often accompanied by the problem that the covariance matrix is not positively determined, leading to algorithmic collapse. This study combines the multi-innovation theory with online identification and provides an improved fractional-order multi-innovation double unscented Kalman filter (DFOMIUKF) joint estimation algorithm. The algorithm contains a multi-timescale framework that allows full parametric identification of fractional-order models, which guarantees the algorithm's ability to cope with complex working conditions, and the problem of failure of the Kalman filtering algorithm is solved by modifying the covariance matrix in real time by singular value decomposition (SVD). On the basis of the fractional RC model, the FOMIUKF<sub>1</sub> algorithm allows real-time updating of model parameters on a macro scale, and the obtained parameters at the microscale are passed to the FOMIUKF<sub>2</sub> algorithm for real-time updating of the charge level of the lithium battery. Then, the DFOMIUKF algorithm is validated under different working environments, respectively. The findings indicate that the proposed algorithm predicts the SOC with the maximum values of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) not exceeding 0.77% and 0.66%, respectively, and maintains high accuracy even at low temperatures. It is illustrated that the proposed algorithm solves the problems of the above offline algorithms with high precision and robustness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5110-5131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistance Theory of Asymmetric 2 × n Circuit Network 非对称2 × n电路网络的电阻理论

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4416

Zhi-Li Zhang, Zhi-Zhong Tan

引用次数: 0

Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Direct Charging Power Control for the Two-Stage EV Battery Charger 基于虚拟同步机的电动汽车二级充电器直接充电功率控制

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-29 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4385

Jun Cai, Adrian David Cheok, Ying Yan, Xin Zhang

{"title":"Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Direct Charging Power Control for the Two-Stage EV Battery Charger","authors":"Jun Cai, Adrian David Cheok, Ying Yan, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cta.4385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, a direct charging power control strategy (DCPC) based on virtual synchronous machine (VSM) technique is proposed for the two-stage EV battery charger. In the proposed solution, the two-stage charger involves a three-phase full bridge-based AC-DC stage and a buck/boost DC-DC stage. In control of the front-end AC-DC stage, the core algorithm of the traditional VSM is adopted. Nevertheless, unlike the traditional VSM-based battery charging scheme, the DC-bus closed-loop in the traditional VSM algorithm is replaced by a positive feedback-based DC power compensation loop, and meanwhile, the DC-bus voltage is regulated by the rear stage DC-DC converter. The proposed method can ensure stable DC-bus voltage control and direct control of charging power. Due to the existence of power compensation control, the power balance between AC and DC terminals can be indirectly controlled without complex power losses calculation process. In addition, the autonomous AC frequency and voltage regulation abilities of the VSM technique can be inherited in the proposed method, which can appear a grid-friendly charging pattern to ensure more stable battery charging. To verify the validity of the proposed method, systematic analysis and experiments are performed on a developed test bed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5243-5254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Transformerless PV Inverter for Wide Input-Voltage Range 改进的宽输入电压范围无变压器光伏逆变器

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4418

Zhilei Yao, Ximing Zhang, Jie Yang

{"title":"Improved Transformerless PV Inverter for Wide Input-Voltage Range","authors":"Zhilei Yao, Ximing Zhang, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1002/cta.4418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Voltage-source inverters are widely used in solar applications. However, when the voltage of the PV array is less than the peak output voltage of the inverter under shading condition (SC), they should be shut down. Therefore, a boost converter should be inserted between the PV array and the PV inverter (PVI) to boost the voltage of the PV array under SC, but it sustains the full power of the PVI under normal conditions (NCs). To address the problem, an improved transformerless PVI with a minimum power processing unit (MPPU) is proposed. The MPPU is composed of a minimum voltage compensation unit (MVCU) parallelled with a diode. The MVCU does not work under NC, while it only works under SC. The output voltage of the MVCU is the differential voltage between the absolute value of the output voltage of the inverter and the voltage of the PV array under SC, so it sustains the minimum power under SC and can operate in a wide input-voltage range. The inverter is a single-stage system, so efficiency of the system is high. The operating principle of the system is illustrated. A cooperative control strategy of the PVI is depicted. Design guidelines and example are given. Finally, experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5467-5476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Behavior of Ionic and Electronic Phenomena in Perovskite Solar Cells Analyzed Through Poles and Zeros of the Transfer Function of Impedance 通过阻抗传递函数的极点和零点分析钙钛矿太阳能电池中离子和电子现象的动态行为

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4411

Paola Gabriela Abrego-Martínez, Asiel N. Corpus-Mendoza, Paola Marcela Moreno-Romero, D. Mateus Torres-Herrera, Carlos A. Rodríguez-Castañeda, Margarita Miranda-Hernández, Hailin Hu

{"title":"Dynamic Behavior of Ionic and Electronic Phenomena in Perovskite Solar Cells Analyzed Through Poles and Zeros of the Transfer Function of Impedance","authors":"Paola Gabriela Abrego-Martínez, Asiel N. Corpus-Mendoza, Paola Marcela Moreno-Romero, D. Mateus Torres-Herrera, Carlos A. Rodríguez-Castañeda, Margarita Miranda-Hernández, Hailin Hu","doi":"10.1002/cta.4411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the physics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for their development. For this reason, we investigate the frequency-dependent response of PSCs aided by an electronic equivalent circuit to distinguish between ionic and electronic behavior at the interfaces and the bulk materials of the cells, respectively. The dynamic behavior of both effects is analyzed in terms of voltage drop within the solar cell as a function of source voltage. It is observed that higher quality PSCs show a sharp transition from ionic to electronic behavior as voltage increases, whereas lower quality PSCs show a smooth and slow transition. Also, the analysis of poles and zeros of the transfer function of impedance as a function of bias voltage reveals the point where the ionic behavior at the interfaces becomes irrelevant and the electronic properties in the bulk become dominant in terms of impedance and voltage drop. Therefore, the analysis of poles and zeros becomes a viable and novel characterization technique to investigate the dynamic behavior of bulk and interface phenomena in PSCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5076-5085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improved Model Predictive Current Control of BLDC Motor With a Novel Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter–Based Back EMF Estimator and a New Commutation Duration Approach for Electrical Vehicle 基于自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波的新型反电动势估计器和电动汽车换相持续时间方法改进无刷直流电机模型预测电流控制

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4407

Remzi Inan

{"title":"An Improved Model Predictive Current Control of BLDC Motor With a Novel Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter–Based Back EMF Estimator and a New Commutation Duration Approach for Electrical Vehicle","authors":"Remzi Inan","doi":"10.1002/cta.4407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a result of the increasing use of electric vehicles, ensuring high-performance speed and torque control of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors has become of great importance for energy efficiency. In order to prevent the torque ripple of the finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC), commutation moments are detected by Hall effect sensors in conventional methods. However, this method cannot exhibit a long-life structure because of physical strain damaging the sensors and electrical connections. In this study, commutation moments and durations are captured and determined with a new approach. Commutation moments are captured with zero crossing detectors and commutation durations are determined by using the position information obtained from the encoder. Moreover, three-phase back electromotive forces (EMFs) of the BLDC motor applied to FCS-MPCC to predict the stator phase currents are estimated with a novel adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) which has the estimation capability without any speed sensor. Furthermore, another improvement is implemented in the calculation of the cost function of FCS-MPCC by taking into account the difference between the predicted and the reference torque of the BLDC motor different from the conventional MPCC methods. The proposed drive system is tested under different scenarios at various speeds under load torque, stator resistance, and leakage inductance variations in simulation. It is proven by simulation results that phase commutations can be achieved stably with the proposed phase commutation determination method. In addition, the simulation results show that the proposed novel AEKF estimator and the FCS-MPCC in which the cost function is calculated by regarding not only the current error but also the moment error have impressive prediction and control performance, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 2","pages":"1135-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Switched Inductor-Capacitor Network–Based High Step-Down Ratio DC-DC Converter for On-Board EV Charger Applications 基于混合开关电感-电容网络的车载充电器高降压比DC-DC变换器

IF 1.6 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/cta.4415

Mahi Teja Talluri, V. Karthikeyan, Suman Murugesan

{"title":"Hybrid Switched Inductor-Capacitor Network–Based High Step-Down Ratio DC-DC Converter for On-Board EV Charger Applications","authors":"Mahi Teja Talluri, V. Karthikeyan, Suman Murugesan","doi":"10.1002/cta.4415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The step-down DC-DC converter plays a vital role in transformer-less grid-connected on-board EV charging systems, enabling the reduction of voltage to desired levels. This study introduces a novel Hybrid Switched Inductor-Capacitor Network (HSICN)–based high step-down ratio DC-DC converter for on-board EV charger applications. Compared to recent converter designs, the proposed HSICN achieves an impressive step-down ratio while minimizing voltage stress on the switch, making it particularly suitable for high-power applications. Additionally, by distributing the output current between both inductors, the overall volume of magnetic components is reduced, leading to decreased conduction losses. Furthermore, this approach lowers the ripple current in the inductor, contributing to a reduction in the size of passive components. The operational principles of the proposed HSICN, alongside steady-state analysis, are thoroughly discussed in this study. Moreover, a comprehensive comparative assessment of the proposed converter's performance is provided. To validate its effectiveness, a 500-W experimental prototype was constructed and analyzed, demonstrating peak experimental efficiency of 95.8% at 350 W.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 9","pages":"5305-5313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0