International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications最新文献_第7页

A Comparative Study of Three PFM/PWM Hybrid Modulated Control Strategies for Single-Stage Soft-Switching AC–DC Converter 单级软开关交直流变换器三种PFM/PWM混合调制控制策略的比较研究

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70286

Junhong Yi, Xiaoxu Ma, Chuang Deng, Haotian Yin, Tiesheng Yan

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Three PFM/PWM Hybrid Modulated Control Strategies for Single-Stage Soft-Switching AC–DC Converter","authors":"Junhong Yi, Xiaoxu Ma, Chuang Deng, Haotian Yin, Tiesheng Yan","doi":"10.1002/cta.70286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-stage interleaved Boost-LLC AC-DC converters offer advantages such as high power capability, low cost, and reduced input current ripple. However, they typically encounter high bus voltages under universal input conditions when operating with pulse frequency modulation (PFM). To address this issue, three hybrid PFM/pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategies are proposed: output voltage feedback (Strategy I), bus voltage proportional feedforward (Strategy II), and dual-loop feedback control (Strategy III). Corresponding optimal parameter designs are also conducted based on the principle of power balance. With the aforementioned control strategies and their optimized designs implemented, the bus voltage is effectively maintained within a reasonable range throughout the full input voltage range. Meanwhile, soft switching of the primary switches and secondary rectifier diodes is achieved. Experimental validation on a 300-W prototype (85–265 V input, 48 V/6.25 A output) demonstrates that the proposed solutions achieve a bus voltage below 550 V, power factor (PF) above 0.98, and peak efficiency exceeding 92.8%. Furthermore, the performance differences among the three strategies are discussed and analyzed in detail.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4315-4328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Three-Stage Model Predictive Current Control Algorithm for Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Inverter 三相三电平NPC逆变器的改进三相模型预测电流控制算法

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70267

Tao Jin, Yusheng Fang, Xianyang Cui, Yilu Wang

{"title":"Improved Three-Stage Model Predictive Current Control Algorithm for Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Inverter","authors":"Tao Jin, Yusheng Fang, Xianyang Cui, Yilu Wang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents an improved three-stage model predictive current control (MPCC) method that is proposed for three-phase three-level converters. The reduction of the common-mode voltage (CMV), the effective control of the DC-side capacitor voltage, and the reduction of the computational burden can be achieved simultaneously by the deletion of the alternative vectors in the preliminary stage and the introduction of the weighting factor in the last stage of the three-stage voltage vector selection. Compared with other existing control strategies, this control strategy has the ability to handle multiple control objectives, simplifying the structure while reducing the number of calculations using staged selection, thus improving the performance and reliability of the inverter. The CMV is greatly reduced because the maximum CMV values of all candidate voltage vectors are limited to less than one-sixth of the DC bus voltage. The proposed method employs an improved three-level voltage vector selection mechanism, and it is verified through simulations and experiments that the proposed method helps to significantly reduce the computational complexity as well as reduce the DC-side capacitor voltage fluctuations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4195-4206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Temperature-Compensated Frequency-Locked Loop-Based RC Oscillator Featuring Single-Type Resistor Geometry Manipulation 一种基于温度补偿锁频环的RC振荡器，具有单型电阻几何操作

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70258

Yimeng Wang, Yunbo Huang, Rui P. Martins, Yong Chen

{"title":"A Temperature-Compensated Frequency-Locked Loop-Based RC Oscillator Featuring Single-Type Resistor Geometry Manipulation","authors":"Yimeng Wang, Yunbo Huang, Rui P. Martins, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1002/cta.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a temperature-compensated frequency-locked loop-based closed-loop oscillator featuring a novel process-scalable RC network composed of only a single type of resistor. In the proposed architecture, the dependence between the geometric parameters and temperature coefficient of a single-type resistor is exploited to implement a temperature-compensated RC network. A leakage-reduced analog-T switch is introduced to improve the frequency stability under high temperatures. In addition, a ping-pong switched-capacitor resistor is proposed to relax the trade-off between switching-induced voltage ripple and the size of the filtering capacitor. When fabricated in a 28 nm CMOS process, the prototype RC oscillator achieves a frequency error of 188.5 ppm/°C over the range −20°C to 100°C after compensation and an RMS period jitter of 9.51 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>ps</mi>\u0000 <mi>rms</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>. The power efficiency is 0.89 μW/MHz.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4354-4370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Dual-Frequency Switching for Dual Constant Voltage Supplies 基于双频开关的双恒压电源无线电力传输系统

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70264

Le Yu, You Lv, Shujia Xu, Changsong Cai, Lin Yang

{"title":"A Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Dual-Frequency Switching for Dual Constant Voltage Supplies","authors":"Le Yu, You Lv, Shujia Xu, Changsong Cai, Lin Yang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with constant voltage (CV) output function are widely used in various fields due to their stable performance, strong compatibility, and high safety. However, existing WPT systems with multiple specifications CV output have many problems, including cross-coupling between multiple coils, low system space utilization, and complex closed-loop control. To this end, this article proposes a WPT system with two specifications CV output. By switching between two fixed operating frequencies, the system can be equivalently configured as two typical compensation structures: CLC-S and S-LCC, thereby achieving two different specifications of CV output and zero phase angle (ZPA) operation. The proposed system can provide a simple and reliable solution for industrial application scenarios that require multiple CV outputs and has the advantage of not requiring complex closed-loop control design and tedious system design. Finally, a verification test prototype with CV output of 40 and 70 V is built, and the experimental results verified the feasibility of the theoretical analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4173-4180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linear and Nonlinear Coordinated Droop Control Strategies to Address Current Sharing and Voltage Regulation Challenges for the Parallel Operation of DC-DC Converters in DC Microgrid 解决直流微电网中DC-DC变换器并联运行的电流共享和电压调节难题的线性和非线性协调下垂控制策略

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70250

Ravi Ranjan, Amritesh Kumar

{"title":"Linear and Nonlinear Coordinated Droop Control Strategies to Address Current Sharing and Voltage Regulation Challenges for the Parallel Operation of DC-DC Converters in DC Microgrid","authors":"Ravi Ranjan, Amritesh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/cta.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the field of DC microgrids (MGs), ensuring both optimal load sharing and voltage regulation poses a significant challenge due to unequal rating of distributed generations (DGs), sensor inaccuracies, and cable resistances. To cope with the same decentralized method based on a linear droop control approach proves to be a very efficient control technique for DC MG. However, the conventional linear droop control approach suffers from current sharing error and voltage regulation with increased loading conditions. Thus, to improve the above issues, this paper proposes the design aspects of coordinating three droop curves in the controller, which consists of two nonlinear (NL) and one linear for parallel operation of DC-DC converters working under varying loading conditions. The designed controller automatically switches between different droop curves with load variations. Further, through proper analysis, droop coefficients for different curves under varying loading conditions are derived for optimal performance of the parallel-operated DC-DC converter with better current sharing accuracy and voltage regulation, even under line resistance. To gauge the improvement in current sharing accuracy and voltage regulation by coordinating multiple droop curves vis-a-vis only a single droop curve from light load to heavy load conditions, a MATLAB-based simulation has been performed, and current sharing error and voltage regulation have been compared. Further hardware prototypes of 300 W have also been developed to validate the proposed control logic.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4158-4172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 0.6-V, 61-dB DR Fourth-Order Low-Pass Filter Using Folded Single-Branch Biquads 采用折叠单支路双电路的0.6 v， 61 db DR四阶低通滤波器

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70248

Muhammed Mansoor C. B., Rekha S.

{"title":"A 0.6-V, 61-dB DR Fourth-Order Low-Pass Filter Using Folded Single-Branch Biquads","authors":"Muhammed Mansoor C. B., Rekha S.","doi":"10.1002/cta.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes a novel, compact, and energy-efficient biquad which is derived from a folded single-branch transistorized \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>-C structure. The biquad has a small number of active devices stacked between \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math> and GND rails and hence can be used satisfactorily in a low-voltage environment. The filter also inherits the benefits of folding in the circuit which makes the tuning of the filter easier and power independent. A fourth-order low-pass filter is used as a vehicle to illustrate the performance of the proposed biquad. The fully differential version of the filter is designed in 65-nm CMOS technology, operates with a supply voltage of 0.6 V, is biased with a current of 100 nA, has a \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mo>−</mo></math>3-dB bandwidth of 15 kHz, and shows a dynamic range as high as 61 dB. The postlayout simulations along with FOM numbers show the superior performance of the filter.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4344-4353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual Voltage Vector–Based Polynomial-Fitted Sampled-Data Model Predictive Control for Single-Phase Asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter 基于虚电压矢量的单相非对称级联h桥逆变器多项式拟合采样数据模型预测控制

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70269

Jingang Han, Xiaojia Lv, Hao Chen, Gang Yao, Tianzhen Wang

{"title":"Virtual Voltage Vector–Based Polynomial-Fitted Sampled-Data Model Predictive Control for Single-Phase Asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter","authors":"Jingang Han, Xiaojia Lv, Hao Chen, Gang Yao, Tianzhen Wang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The asymmetric cascaded H-bridge (ACHB) inverter is capable of generating a greater number of output voltage levels under the same number of modules compared to conventional topologies. However, when applied to such multilevel systems, conventional finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) tends to exhibit undesirable harmonic components and chaotic switching frequency variation. Aiming at the inherent defects of excessive computational burden and poor steady-state accuracy faced by FCS-MPC in real-time applications, this paper proposes a virtual voltage vector MPC strategy based on a sampled-data model. By replacing the exponential matrix in the discretized sampled-data model with a polynomial approximation, it enables more efficient real-time execution. Finally, the proposed control strategy is implemented to a single-phase nine-level ACHB inverter. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm under steady and dynamic states.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4245-4257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter With Improved SMC-Based MPC Control Method 基于改进smc的MPC控制方法的三相并网逆变器性能评价

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70262

Ekrem Demir, Ozan Gulbudak

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter With Improved SMC-Based MPC Control Method","authors":"Ekrem Demir, Ozan Gulbudak","doi":"10.1002/cta.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grid-connected inverters are widely used in power systems that utilize renewable energy sources. The filter and control method to be used for these grid-connected inverters plays an important role. Various filter topologies are employed to reduce the harmonics of the grid current. The <i>LCL</i> filter is superior to existing filters in terms of harmonic suppression performance and overcoming unwanted resonant effects. In addition, model predictive control (MPC) techniques are widely used in the literature to regulate the grid dynamics in grid-connected inverters. Conventional MPC has the advantages of fast dynamics and easy applicability. This paper proposes new MPC methods for a 3-phase <i>LCL</i>-filtered grid-connected inverter system. The traditional MPC approach may suffer from instability in the case of a poor choice of control parameters. In the proposed method, the traditional MPC method is reformulated to shape the closed-loop energy. Lyapunov approximation is used to ensure the stability of the proposed control methods, and the control input is determined by assessing the instantaneous stability of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed control methods and the conventional MPC method is tested in the Matlab/Simulink environment by changing the grid reference current step, and it is supported by the implementation of the processor-in-the-loop (PIL). The DSP evaluation board F28379D is used to perform the experimental validation. As a result of the simulation study and PIL implementation, the proposed MPC methods provide better steady-state performance than the conventional MPC methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4273-4288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated WPT and OBC Architecture for Electric Vehicles With a Single-Layer Parallel-Wound Coil Structure 基于单层并联线圈结构的电动汽车WPT和OBC集成体系结构

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70265

Gangjie Qiao, Yanjin Hou, Qianfang Sun, Jingli Zhang, Yuandi Zhao, Zhizhen Liu

{"title":"Integrated WPT and OBC Architecture for Electric Vehicles With a Single-Layer Parallel-Wound Coil Structure","authors":"Gangjie Qiao, Yanjin Hou, Qianfang Sun, Jingli Zhang, Yuandi Zhao, Zhizhen Liu","doi":"10.1002/cta.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electric vehicles (EVs) typically rely on two independent systems for wireless power transfer (WPT) and conductive charging. This paper introduces a fully integrated charging architecture that unifies both charging functionalities into a single hardware platform. The core of the proposed system is a single-layer parallel-wound dual-coil structure, which replaces the conventional transformer in the CLLC resonant converter and enables full resonant capacitor sharing between the onboard charger (OBC) and WPT receiver. Unlike prior dual-layer coil designs, the proposed structure not only supports high-frequency OBC operation but also maintains strong magnetic coupling essential for WPT. By incorporating a compensating inductor for circuit symmetry and a DC-side series connection in WPT mode, the system achieves complete hardware integration without additional AC-side switching. Experimental results demonstrate that the DC–DC stage maintains efficiency above 96% across the operating range, validating the feasibility of a compact, cost-effective, and compatibility-assured dual-mode charging solution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4289-4302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of Three PFM/PWM Hybrid Modulated Control Strategies for Single-Stage Soft-Switching AC–DC Converter 单级软开关交直流变换器三种PFM/PWM混合调制控制策略的比较研究

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70286

Junhong Yi, Xiaoxu Ma, Chuang Deng, Haotian Yin, Tiesheng Yan

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Three PFM/PWM Hybrid Modulated Control Strategies for Single-Stage Soft-Switching AC–DC Converter","authors":"Junhong Yi, Xiaoxu Ma, Chuang Deng, Haotian Yin, Tiesheng Yan","doi":"10.1002/cta.70286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-stage interleaved Boost-LLC AC-DC converters offer advantages such as high power capability, low cost, and reduced input current ripple. However, they typically encounter high bus voltages under universal input conditions when operating with pulse frequency modulation (PFM). To address this issue, three hybrid PFM/pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategies are proposed: output voltage feedback (Strategy I), bus voltage proportional feedforward (Strategy II), and dual-loop feedback control (Strategy III). Corresponding optimal parameter designs are also conducted based on the principle of power balance. With the aforementioned control strategies and their optimized designs implemented, the bus voltage is effectively maintained within a reasonable range throughout the full input voltage range. Meanwhile, soft switching of the primary switches and secondary rectifier diodes is achieved. Experimental validation on a 300-W prototype (85–265 V input, 48 V/6.25 A output) demonstrates that the proposed solutions achieve a bus voltage below 550 V, power factor (PF) above 0.98, and peak efficiency exceeding 92.8%. Furthermore, the performance differences among the three strategies are discussed and analyzed in detail.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 8","pages":"4315-4328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0