International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications最新文献

{"title":"An Improved Model Predictive Current Control of BLDC Motor With a Novel Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter–Based Back EMF Estimator and a New Commutation Duration Approach for Electrical Vehicle","authors":"Remzi Inan","doi":"10.1002/cta.4407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a result of the increasing use of electric vehicles, ensuring high-performance speed and torque control of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors has become of great importance for energy efficiency. In order to prevent the torque ripple of the finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC), commutation moments are detected by Hall effect sensors in conventional methods. However, this method cannot exhibit a long-life structure because of physical strain damaging the sensors and electrical connections. In this study, commutation moments and durations are captured and determined with a new approach. Commutation moments are captured with zero crossing detectors and commutation durations are determined by using the position information obtained from the encoder. Moreover, three-phase back electromotive forces (EMFs) of the BLDC motor applied to FCS-MPCC to predict the stator phase currents are estimated with a novel adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) which has the estimation capability without any speed sensor. Furthermore, another improvement is implemented in the calculation of the cost function of FCS-MPCC by taking into account the difference between the predicted and the reference torque of the BLDC motor different from the conventional MPCC methods. The proposed drive system is tested under different scenarios at various speeds under load torque, stator resistance, and leakage inductance variations in simulation. It is proven by simulation results that phase commutations can be achieved stably with the proposed phase commutation determination method. In addition, the simulation results show that the proposed novel AEKF estimator and the FCS-MPCC in which the cost function is calculated by regarding not only the current error but also the moment error have impressive prediction and control performance, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 2","pages":"1135-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cascaded AC–DC Voltage Control to Provide Reactive Power Support for the PV-Driven Grid-Tied Synchronverter","authors":"Amarjeet S Pandey,&nbsp;Manjunath Kallamadi,&nbsp;Krupa Shah","doi":"10.1002/cta.4297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this submission is to provide flexible reactive power regulation of a photovoltaic (PV)-driven grid-connected inverter. Here, inverter is realized as a synchronverter by employing frequency regulation using well-established swing equation. However, reactive power regulation is accomplished by employing combined AC–DC voltage control in addition to traditional synchronverter control for ensuring smooth tracking of reactive power. Thus, the PV-driven voltage source converter (VSC) will be injecting available active power as per the prevailing irradiation, temperature, and operator defined reactive power by employing proposed control. The performance of suggested control is evaluated and compared against existing control by considering realistic operational scenarios through a case study.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3778-3786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitally Controllable Multifrequency Impedance Emulator for Bioimpedance Hardware Validation","authors":"Dmitrii Semenov,&nbsp;Todd J. Freeborn","doi":"10.1002/cta.4324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accurate emulation of the electrical impedance of biological tissues is crucial for the development and validation of bioimpedance measurement devices and algorithms. This paper describes a digitally controllable impedance emulator capable of reproducing values representative of tissue bioimpedance in user-specified resistance, reactance, and frequency ranges up to 1 MHz. The presented solution uses a 2R-1C impedance model to emulate the impedance characteristics of a biological tissue. Specific selection of each element value in this model is achieved using analog multiplexers with low \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math> resistance. A MATLAB algorithm was developed for value estimation using target impedance requirements. An example design to emulate impedance from 1 kHz to 1 MHz with 10 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi></math> to 400 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi></math> resistance and \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>45</mn>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi></math> maximum reactance is provided. The nonideal behavior of this design was evaluated and compared against experimentally collected impedance measurements. Deviations of &lt;1<i>%</i> were observed between experimental and theoretical resistances for values \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mo>&gt;</mo>\u0000 <mn>50</mn>\u0000 <mi>Ω</mi></math> up to 100 kHz (with approximately 5<i>%</i> deviations up to 1 MHz) and reactance deviations were also &lt;1<i>%</i> up to 10 kHz. High frequency deviations are attributed to the parasitic capacitance in the realization of the design. The experimental results validate the design approach and realization for low frequencies. Overall, the innovation of the proposed approach is the control of both resistance and reactance for emulating electrical impedance representative of biological tissues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3567-3580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decoupled Modulation Strategy for Constant Voltage/Current Wireless Charging System Under High Coils Misalignment","authors":"Bing Cheng,&nbsp;Liangzong He","doi":"10.1002/cta.4307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Output fluctuation and lower transmission efficiency under load and mutual inductance variation are hot concerned in the wireless charging system for power batteries. In this paper, a decoupled tracking strategy is proposed to realize constant voltage (CV) or current (CC) output and high transmission efficiency. The circuit model of series–series compensation network is built, and corresponding transmission characteristics can be derived. First, the load and mutual inductance value can be estimated by measuring the primary electrical information, including the inverter output voltage, current, and the phase error between them. Then load-independent voltage or current output characteristics under coils misalignment can be maintained by tracking the optimal switching frequency of inverter part. In addition, the value of output voltage or current can be adjusted flexibly for different operation occasions by the employment of pulse-width modulation. As a result, the load-independent output characteristics realization and output adjustment can be decoupled. Based on only the primary measuring information, the CV/CC output can be maintained via the proposed hybrid control strategy when the coils misalignment and load variation happen, increasing the robustness of whole wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Furthermore, the soft switching of all power switches in the inverter part can be realized to reduce the switching loss. Compared with previous research, the proposed wireless charging system has a higher power density and a simplified control strategy. Finally, an experimental platform with 60-V charging voltage and 3.6-A charging current is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed sys-tem and control method.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3516-3528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Converter for Renewable Energy–Based Standalone System","authors":"Praneeth Kumar Pedapati,&nbsp;Kavitha Murugan,&nbsp;Allamsetty Hema Chander","doi":"10.1002/cta.4292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4292","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper proposes a reconfigurable fault-tolerant multiport converter for a renewable energy–based standalone system. The operation of the proposed converter for various single and multiple switch faults is discussed and verified with the help of a laboratory prototype. Experimental findings showcase the converter's ability to seamlessly connect renewable sources with a DC bus and an energy storage device, ensuring a consistent, regulated power supply despite single or multiple switch faults. Furthermore, a thorough examination of performance metrics including stress, loss, cost, sensitivity, and reliability affirms the effectiveness and resilience of the proposed approach. Comparative analysis solidifies the notion of the converter's superiority, emphasizing its fault tolerance, efficiency, and reliability when contrasted with alternative solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3501-3515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 10.7-\u0000\u0000 μA 103-dB DR Hybrid Delta-Sigma Modulator for Sensing Applications","authors":"Huizhu Zhang,&nbsp;Xinjie Wu,&nbsp;Zhong Tang,&nbsp;Nianxiong Tan,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Yu,&nbsp;Zhenghao Lu","doi":"10.1002/cta.4303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reports a low-power, high dynamic range second-order delta-sigma modulator (DSM) for sensing applications. The DSM employs a hybrid CIFF-B topology, consisting of a continuous-time first stage and a discrete-time second stage. The first stage is an OTA-based RC integrator with inherent anti-aliasing properties, while the second stage is a switched-capacitor integrator. Offset and \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>f</mi></math> noise in the first stage are mitigated by the chopper-stabilization technique, while those in the second stage are suppressed through the gain provided by the first stage. Furthermore, the OTA-sharing technology is utilized in the second stage to realize signal addition before quantization, reducing design complexity. The hybrid DSM prototype is fabricated with a 180-nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.123 mm². Measurement results show peak SNDR/SNR/SFDR values of 95.8, 97.1, and 102.8 dB, respectively, with a current consumption of 10.7 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi></math>A from a 1.8-V single supply. The reported DSM achieves a 103-dB dynamic range in a 100-Hz signal bandwidth, corresponding to a Schreier figure-of-merit (FoMs) value of 170.2 dB.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3555-3566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Wiener-Type Dynamic Neural Network Method for Large Signal Modeling of Power Amplifiers","authors":"Wenyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yi Su,&nbsp;Shilin Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Shuxia Yan,&nbsp;Feng Feng","doi":"10.1002/cta.4304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel Wiener-type dynamic neural network (Wiener-type DNN) method for large signal modeling of power amplifiers (PAs) is proposed in this paper. In this method, the proposed model structure for the PA contains two Wiener-type DNNs to describe the input impedance and the amplification efficiency, respectively. The Wiener-type DNN includes a simplified linear dynamic equation module and a nonlinear static equation module. For the simplification process of the linear dynamic equation, it is proposed to process fundamental frequency components of the large signal harmonic data of the PA by vector fitting. The neural network is used to implement the static equation in the Wiener-type DNN. The formulas for training the proposed Wiener-type DNN model of the PA using large signal data are derived. The training algorithm of the PA model is proposed to improve the training efficiency. A Motorola MOSFET PA example and a Freescale lateral double-diffused MOSFET PA example are present to validate the proposed Wiener-type DNN method. For the Motorola MOSFET PA, a dynamic neural network (DNN) model and a time-delay deep neural network (TDDNN) are established for comparison. For the Freescale PA, the DNN model is used for comparison experiment. The comparison figures show that the Wiener-type DNN model has better convergence properties than the DNN model in the nonlinear region of the PA. The established accurate PA model is conducive to the design of subsequent communication circuits.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3529-3540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotary Topological Defects in an Oscillator Lattice Loop and Their Injection Locked Properties","authors":"Shunto Hirosawa,&nbsp;Koichi Narahara","doi":"10.1002/cta.4316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lattice loop formed by adjacent coupling of tunnel diode LC oscillators has been shown to generate topological defects due to broken mirror symmetry, which rotate in the opposite direction to the rotating pulse. Leveraging the injection locking of the rotational dynamics of these topological defects can lead to a subharmonic injection locking scheme with a large division ratio. This paper aims to enhance the design by elucidating the relationship between loop size, the number of topological defects, and the division ratio. Furthermore, we perform bifurcation analysis of the injection locking system, demonstrating that when the external signal strength reaches a certain threshold, defect pinning by the external signal occurs, leading to an extension of the lock range. The dynamics of topological defects are well suited to the so-called progressive multiphase injection locking. In this paper, we clarify the degree of lock range extension achieved by introducing this technique.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3767-3777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of High-Performance Radix-Power-of-2 Butterfly Architectures for FFT Implementation by Cosine Coefficients Extraction","authors":"Vijay Moni Varghese,&nbsp;Kumaravel Sundaram","doi":"10.1002/cta.4305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Designing FFTs with higher radix butterfly units are increasingly in demand to combat the high throughput of 20 Gbps of the current 5G and 1 Tbps for beyond 5G technologies. Previous higher radix FFTs were implemented in FPGA, giving importance to area and power. This paper presents the design of radix-power-of-2 butterfly circuit, using the proposed radix cosine coefficients' extractor equation that is applicable to all the inputs. This enables efficient pipelined shift-add implementation of the required complex rotations. The proposed methodology encompasses the implementation of any power-of-two-radix butterfly to realize large size FFT, essential for real-time 5G and 6G applications. The proposed radix-4, radix-8, radix-16, and radix-32 architectures are implemented and verified on Xilinx Spartan-7 FPGA using Vivado Design Suite (v2018). The results demonstrate that the proposed radix-16 and radix-32 architectures achieve a higher clock frequency, by a factor of 5.23 and 6.76, respectively, compared to the most recent literature. For performance analysis, the area-delay and power-delay products of the proposed radix-16 and radix-32 butterfly architecture are computed. The proposed radix-16 butterfly architecture exhibits a 13.3% reduction in area-delay product and a 34.25% decrease in power-delay product compared to recent literatures. Similarly, the radix-32 architecture shows a 27.31% lower area-delay product and a 0.63% lower power-delay product.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3646-3661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Evaluation of MMC-MTDC System Considering Device Failure Rates and Multi-State Transition","authors":"Kang Li,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zha,&nbsp;Meng Huang,&nbsp;Rongjun Chen,&nbsp;Zhimin Lu","doi":"10.1002/cta.4274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The modular multi-level converter based multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MMC-MTDC) system, with its numerous power devices and diverse operating states, poses a significant challenge for reliability evaluation. The paper introduces a method for modeling and assessing the reliability of MMC-MTDC, considering both power device failure rates and multi-state transitions of multiple terminals. To determine the weights of influence, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is employed to evaluate the impact of sub-modules (SMs), the controller system, and the water cooling systems of an MMC. Subsequently, a multi-state transition model is established to describe the changes in the operation mode of the MMC-MTDC. On this basis, the reliability evaluation via semi-Markov processes is implemented. A case study is performed on the reliability of a ±200 kV five-terminal system and the results are compared with practical operation data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 6","pages":"3402-3413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}