International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications最新文献_第2页

A Low-Power CMOS-Only Voltage Reference 一个低功耗cmos电压基准

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70324

Evi Keramida, George Souliotis, Spyridon Vlassis, Fotis Plessas

引用次数: 0

A Soft-Switching Isolated Three-Port Converter for Microgrid Integration of SPV Source and Auxiliary Battery Charging Using Transformer Leakage Energy 微网SPV源与利用变压器漏能辅助充电的软开关隔离三端口变换器

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70270

Sourav Konar, Shib Sankar Saha, Pritam Kumar Gayen

{"title":"A Soft-Switching Isolated Three-Port Converter for Microgrid Integration of SPV Source and Auxiliary Battery Charging Using Transformer Leakage Energy","authors":"Sourav Konar, Shib Sankar Saha, Pritam Kumar Gayen","doi":"10.1002/cta.70270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a soft-switching isolated three-port DC-DC converter that interfaces a solar photovoltaic (SPV) source and a battery storage unit with a DC microgrid or local load. The proposed topology adopts a flyback converter structure augmented with a simple active auxiliary circuit that recovers transformer leakage energy and enables soft commutation of the semiconductor devices. Distinctively, the recovered leakage energy is directly utilized to charge a 3.7-V Li-ion battery, introducing a novel method of harnessing leakage energy for battery charging, which has not been reported in prior literature. The battery port, connected in series with the SPV source, enhances the converter's effective voltage gain while simultaneously minimizing the transformer leakage flux. Moreover, the proposed converter achieves reduced losses with a lower component count by employing soft-switching techniques, thereby improving overall power conversion efficiency and power density. The switching devices operate under ZV–zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-on and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn-off (main switch), ZCS turn-on, and ZV–ZCS turn-off (auxiliary switch), while the diodes exhibit soft recovery characteristics. Furthermore, a firefly algorithm-based MPPT enhanced with incremental conductance refinement is implemented to improve the tracking accuracy and dynamic response of solar power extraction. Comprehensive operational analysis, design methodology, and steady-state gain evaluation are presented. The proposed converter's effectiveness is validated experimentally using a 100-W laboratory prototype controlled by an STM32 Nucleo-G474RE microcontroller for MPPT and output voltage regulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"4934-4953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Ultra-Low-Power Biopotential Acquisition Analog Front-End Chip for Wearable Devices 用于可穿戴设备的超低功耗生物电位采集模拟前端芯片

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-07-26 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70573

Zhang Xin, Yang Tianqi, Xu Wei, Wang Shun, Xiaoxi Ma

{"title":"An Ultra-Low-Power Biopotential Acquisition Analog Front-End Chip for Wearable Devices","authors":"Zhang Xin, Yang Tianqi, Xu Wei, Wang Shun, Xiaoxi Ma","doi":"10.1002/cta.70573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 0.8-V, 1.2-μW biopotential analog front-end (AFE) IC is presented for wearable sensing. The front end combines a dynamically biased, chopper-stabilized capacitively coupled instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) with a dual-time-scale electrode dc-offset (EDO) management path. In steady state, a low-leakage DC servo loop (DSL) preserves sub-Hz baseline restoration and > 1 GΩ input impedance at 10 Hz; after an abrupt EDO disturbance, an event-triggered fast-recovery path temporarily increases the low-frequency discharge conductance and then returns to the low-leakage state. The 0.18-μm CMOS core occupies 0.35 mm<sup>2</sup>, provides 60- to 100-dB programmable gain, and consumes 1.2 μW from 0.8 V. Without trimming, calibration codes, or postmeasurement mismatch compensation, the measured input-referred integrated noise is 0.98 μVrms over 0.5–100 Hz, with CMRR > 125 dB, PSRR > 98 dB at 10 Hz, and > 1 GΩ input impedance at 10 Hz under the calibrated balanced bench fixture. New quantitative robustness validation shows postlayout PVT ranges of 121.8–127.9 dB for CMRR, 94.6–101.0 dB for PSRR, 0.93–1.07 μVrms for input-referred noise, and 53–82 ms for fast-recovery time; 200-run mismatch Monte Carlo analysis gives CMRR = 126.4 ± 2.7 dB, PSRR = 99.1 ± 2.1 dB, and input-referred offset = 0.08 ± 0.34 mV. For the representative EDO-step emulation, the fast-recovery mode returns to the sustained linear region in approximately 60–70 ms, whereas the DSL-only response remains unsettled at the 300-ms observation limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"5030-5044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cta.70573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Misalignment-Tolerant SL-LCC Wireless Power Transfer System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 自主水下航行器高容差SL-LCC无线电力传输系统

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70308

Xinyu Tan, Zhihao Wei, Rui Li, Feiyang Lei, Changyu Jian, Ya Liu, Chunfang Wang

{"title":"High-Misalignment-Tolerant SL-LCC Wireless Power Transfer System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles","authors":"Xinyu Tan, Zhihao Wei, Rui Li, Feiyang Lei, Changyu Jian, Ya Liu, Chunfang Wang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have become instrumental in contemporary ocean exploration endeavors. Nevertheless, during wireless power transfer in underwater environments, particularly in oceanic environments, the dynamic nature of ocean currents induces fluctuations in the coupling coefficient between coils, leading to instability in the system's output and efficiency. To enhance the robustness of underwater wireless power transfer systems, this paper proposes a wireless power transfer system based on the SL-LCC topology. Within the strong coupling region, the system's output voltage and efficiency remain unaffected by variations in the coupling coefficient. Moreover, receiving side current data can be monitored by merely measuring the transmitting side current, obviating the necessity for wireless communication. Employing circuit theory, a mathematical model for the system has been formulated, and its output characteristics have been scrutinized. The research indicates that the system's output voltage remains stable at approximately 43 V within the specified misalignment range, and the proposed system demonstrates strong misalignment tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"4907-4919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation Strategy and Extension for Hybrid Cascade H-Bridge With Partial DC Power Supply Replacement With Capacitors 用电容代替部分直流电源的混合级联h桥调制策略及扩展

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70314

Jun Gu, Qiangqiang Ning, Zhongming Song, Xiang Zhu, Guangyao Zhu

{"title":"Modulation Strategy and Extension for Hybrid Cascade H-Bridge With Partial DC Power Supply Replacement With Capacitors","authors":"Jun Gu, Qiangqiang Ning, Zhongming Song, Xiang Zhu, Guangyao Zhu","doi":"10.1002/cta.70314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to improve the DC side voltage utilization rate of the hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHB MLI), capacitors can be used to replace the DC supplies with low utilization rate of the low-voltage (LV) cells. However, with the increase of the number of capacitors, the difficulty of mode construction in the modulation strategy increases geometrically. In this paper, we propose a multimode SHEPWM modulation strategy (MM_SHE) that reduces the complexity of mode construction by optimizing the mode construction mechanism while effectively coordinating the capacitor charging and discharging requirements. Using this improved modulation strategy, taking the intermediate frequency hybrid CHB MLI with a voltage ratio of 2:1:1 as the research object, the nine-level waveform output of the MLI with a single capacitor unit (SCU) and dual capacitor units (DCU) is successfully realized, and the theoretical analysis of capacitor charging and discharging and minimum capacitance is carried out in the case of containing a single capacitor unit. Then, the MLI is expanded and the idea of modulation strategy construction is introduced. Finally, the correctness of the modulation strategy and its theoretical analysis are verified by simulation and experiment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"4954-4970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of a Wide-Range Regulated Four-Switch Multiplexed Cascade Converter for Fuzzy Control Loss Reduction 一种宽范围可调四开关多路级联变换器的模糊控制减损优化

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70317

Yunjian Wang, Shuangyu Xin, Ziang Zhu, Shihao He, Yifan Yan, Jiahao Li

{"title":"Optimization of a Wide-Range Regulated Four-Switch Multiplexed Cascade Converter for Fuzzy Control Loss Reduction","authors":"Yunjian Wang, Shuangyu Xin, Ziang Zhu, Shihao He, Yifan Yan, Jiahao Li","doi":"10.1002/cta.70317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DC-DC converters play a critical role in DC power delivery systems. To accommodate wide input voltage ranges and minimize converter losses, a bridge-arm multiplexed Four-Switch Buck-Boost (FSBB) cascaded capacitor-inductor-inductor-inductor-capacitor (CLLLC) converter topology is implemented. In this configuration, the FSBB converter is utilized for wide-range voltage regulation, while the CLLLC converter provides electrical isolation. Component count reduction is achieved through bridge-arm multiplexing, resulting in significant cost savings. Resonant operation of the CLLLC converter is maintained via a Tri-State Phase-Frequency Detector-based frequency tracking technique, ensuring high-efficiency power transfer in the isolation stage. Soft-switching conditions and conduction losses of all FSBB switches are analytically investigated. An efficiency-optimized fuzzy control strategy is proposed for phase-shift angle adjustment of FSBB control signals. This strategy, when integrated with duty cycle control of the FSBB converter, enables soft-switching across all power devices, reduces conduction currents, and consequently enhances system efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed control methodology is validated through comprehensive simulations, demonstrating a minimum efficiency improvement of 1.1 percentage points under full-load conditions, with peak efficiency reaching 98.2%. System efficiency is maintained above 94% during light-load operation. Practicality and efficacy of this control strategy are further confirmed through hardware-in-the-loop simulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"4920-4933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Five-Level Boost Switched Capacitor Inverter for Renewable Applications 一种新型可再生五电平升压开关电容逆变器

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70313

Ranjan Kumar, Anand Kumar, Alok Priyadarshi, Kasinath Jena, Niraj Kumar Dewangan

引用次数: 0

The Switched-Capacitor Voltage Equalizer of Battery Strings: A Hybridized Capacitors Approach for High Balance Speed 电池组开关电容电压均衡器：一种高平衡速度的混合电容方法

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70320

Li Zhang, Ruiqiong Wu, Haiming Zhang, Jun Hou, Feng Wang

{"title":"The Switched-Capacitor Voltage Equalizer of Battery Strings: A Hybridized Capacitors Approach for High Balance Speed","authors":"Li Zhang, Ruiqiong Wu, Haiming Zhang, Jun Hou, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional switched-capacitor (SC) balancing systems are favored for the structural simplicity but are limited by slow balancing speed. To address these drawbacks, a hybridized switched-capacitor equalizer is proposed. By incorporating hybrid series–parallel capacitors under both series and parallel configurations, the proposed structure significantly enhances balancing speed. A parallel capacitor enables energy equalization between adjacent modules, whereas the series capacitor allows for power exchange among arbitrary cells throughout the battery pack. The equalization rate is significantly accelerated by establishing multiple channels for power flow. Meanwhile, the proposed balancing topology eliminates one capacitor, reducing system cost and volume. Owing to the series–parallel characteristics of capacitors, removing one capacitor also enhances the overall energy transfer rate. To empirically validate the proposed architecture, an experimental test bench comprising five series-connected battery cells was established. Measured data indicate that the system achieves effective equalization under charging, discharging, and idle conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":"5009-5017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RETRACTION: Direct Torque Control for SRM With Restructured Switching States and Two-Level Band to Improve the Performance Parameters 基于重构开关状态和双能级带的SRM直接转矩控制以改善性能参数

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-10-05 Epub Date: 2026-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70625

{"title":"RETRACTION: Direct Torque Control for SRM With Restructured Switching States and Two-Level Band to Improve the Performance Parameters","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cta.70625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>RETRACTION</b>:\u0000 <span>M. P. Mohandass</span> and <span>M. Deepak</span>, “ <span>Direct Torque Control for SRM With Restructured Switching States and Two-Level Band to Improve the Performance Parameters</span>,” <i>International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications</i> <span>54</span>, no. <span>4</span> (<span>2026</span>): <span>2001</span>-<span>2011</span>, https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70101.</p><p>The above article, published online on 13 August 2025 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Ahmed El Wakil; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed upon following concerns raised by a third party. An investigation identified duplication between Figures 7 and 8 of this article and figures in an unpublished article submitted to another journal by a different set of authors. Further duplication was identified between Figures 10, 11, and 12 of this article and figures published earlier in another article by one of the same authors. The authors were unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for the duplications or original MATLAB files corresponding to Figures 7 and 8. As a result, the editors consider the results and conclusions to be compromised. The authors did not respond when asked to agree to the final wording of the retraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cta.70625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Efficiency Optimization of Multi-Tap-Transmitting-Coil-Based IPT System 基于多分接传输线圈的IPT系统设计与效率优化

IF 1.4 3区工程技术

International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Pub Date : 2026-09-04 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1002/cta.70310

Yue Xu, Xiaodan Liu, Ruiheng Zhang, Wentao Huang

{"title":"Design and Efficiency Optimization of Multi-Tap-Transmitting-Coil-Based IPT System","authors":"Yue Xu, Xiaodan Liu, Ruiheng Zhang, Wentao Huang","doi":"10.1002/cta.70310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To eliminate plug-in and plug-out actions in automatic power systems, a multi-tap-transmitting-coil (MTTC)-based inductive power transfer (IPT) system is proposed for efficiently supplying power to various applications that require dynamic load management. A load-power-model (LPM) is introduced to characterize the system, and the dependence of efficiency on the number of turns of the transmitting and receiving coils is analyzed in detail. The analysis shows that the system efficiency can be maximized by selecting the optimal transmitting coil turn number. The MTTC is designed to maximize efficiency for a limited number of power requirement points. Furthermore, the communication link is not required by the proposed control strategy based on LPM. Finally, a 6.6 kW prototype is experimentally demonstrated to validate the proposed efficiency optimization method. Experimental results show that when the output power is equal to (1.6 kW, 3.0 kW), the overall efficiency is increased to (89.7%, 91.1%), which is (3.8%, 0.8%) higher than that of the non-optimized system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"54 9","pages":"4715-4725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0