International Forestry Review最新文献

{"title":"Adjustments in Indigenous Peoples' Forest Use and Management in the Context of Climate Change: A Global Systematic Literature Review","authors":"T. Bauer","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941913","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Role of Indigenous peoples in forest use and management and climate change debates is increasingly recognized. MCA associated publications on adaptation strategies, mostly related to NTFPs, with reactive measures, driven by Indigenous peoples, integrating TEK and climate sensitivity. MCA associated publications on mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, with proactive and external measures, largely omitting information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and involvement of TEK. Acknowledgement of Indigenous peoples, forest dependence, and TEK stronger in NAPs than in NDCs. Mitigation projects could likely benefit from a more inclusive approach by integrating sensitivity analysis and context-specific TEK. SUMMARY The global diversity of forest use and management responses of forest-dependent Indigenous peoples to climate change remains poorly understood and lacks synthesis. Yet, such knowledge is essential for informed policy decisions and inclusive mitigation strategies. Through a systematic literature review, forest-dependent Indigenous peoples' responses to climate change and extreme weather events were analysed, including the prevalence of the strategies, their drivers, the role of sensitivity to climate change and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in forest use and management. Also, an assessment was made of how forest dependence and traditional knowledge are acknowledged in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). The results show knowledge clusters around coping and adaptation, mitigation, and joint strategies in North and South America and Asia. Multiple Correspondence Analysis showed that articles documenting adaptation strategies were associated to a reactive response time, Indigenous peoples as drivers and the integration of TEK and information on their climate sensitivity. The diversity of applied strategies found, mostly related to non-timber forest products (NTFPs), comprised ecologically sustainable and unsustainable practices. Mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, which were significantly associated with proactive and external initiatives, largely omitted information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and the involvement of traditional knowledge. Joint strategies seem to be a good compromise of participatory efforts and were largely linked to integrating Indigenous peoples' traditional knowledge. Knowledge gaps include evidence of forest-related resilient livelihood strategies. Future research should focus on participatory and sustainable climate measures, the role of TEK and the drivers for the success of forest-related climate responses, as well as the potential effectiveness of joint adaptation-mitigation measures for forest-dependent Indigenous peoples on a global scale. La diversité de l'utilisation des forêts et des réponses de gestion au changement climatique par les peuples Indigènes dépendantes de la forê","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"269 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Common Ground: Developing a Shared Understanding of Tropical Peatswamp Forest Restoration and Fires Across Culture, Language, and Discipline","authors":"A. Rawluk, A. Sanders, T. Yuwati, D. Rachmanadi, N. Izazaya, N. Yulianti, N. Sakuntaladewi, A. Dyson, L. Graham, A. Kunarso, Z. Damanik, R. Farquharson, S. Lestari, T. Angga, A. Ardhana, B. Winarno, A. Sinclair, Y. Francisca, S. Hakim, R. S. Wahyuningtyas, Junaidah, D. Alimah, G. Margasetha, W. Halwany, B. Rahmanto, Siswadi, Supriyadi, B. Hermawan, A. Musthofa, P. Sidauruk, Y. Bay, F. Lestari, S. Grover","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941922","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia. Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire. Participants' experiences, training, and culture (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) shaped their individual understanding. The shared understanding of the team was different than the individual understanding of each participant. Adaptive doing can help to link conservation practices, recognise different assumptions, decolonise research, and engage Indigenous and local communities. SUMMARY Indigenous and traditional peoples, practitioners and researchers navigate complex social ecological landscapes. The importance of dialogue across cultures, languages, disciplines, and forms of knowledge is increasingly recognised as needed in landscape restoration and environmental governance at multiple scales. A process called adaptive doing was used in two workshops in South Kalimantan Province, followed by remote collaboration among team members in Indonesia and Australia. Examining the breadth of differences in culture, language and knowledge, and recognising assumptions and disciplinary training, enabled each participant to develop a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest restoration and fires. The shared understanding extended beyond each participant's original conception and provided a collective vision that brought together the different knowledges, cultural and disciplinary backgrounds, while acting as a point of orientation for the work and purpose within a research project. The experience gained through adaptive doing has led to important collaborative changes in the project and can support future interdisciplinary teams to achieve collaborative practice change and a shared understanding of context. Masyarakat adat dan tradisional, praktisi dan peneliti menavigasi lanskap ekologi sosial yang kompleks. Pentingnya dialog lintas budaya, bahasa, disiplin, dan bentuk pengetahuan semakin diakui sebagai kebutuhan dalam restorasi lanskap dan tata kelola lingkungan pada berbagai skala. Kami menggunakan proses yang disebut “adaptive doing” di dua lokakarya di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, diikuti dengan kolaborasi jarak jauh antara anggota tim di Indonesia dan Australia. Meneliti luasnya perbedaan dalam budaya, bahasa dan pengetahuan, dan mengenali asumsi dan pelatihan disipliner kami sendiri, memungkinkan kami untuk mengembangkan pemahaman bersama tentang restorasi dan kebakaran rawa gambut hutan tropis. Pemahaman bersama ini, melampaui konsepsi asli masing-masing peserta dan memberikan visi kolektif yang menyatukan pengetahuan, latar belakang budaya, dan disiplin kami yang berbeda, menjadi sebuah titik orientasi untuk pekerjaan dan tujuan kami dalam proyek penelitian ini. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu memperluas dan menyempurnakan proses yang dimulai pada lokakarya ini untuk hubungan kolaboratif dan timbal balik jangka panja","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"426 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Their Identity, Culture, Rights, and Governance of Forestlands: Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"S. Wyatt, J. Bulkan, W. De Jong, M. Gabay","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941931","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) worldwide are increasingly acting to ensure that forest policy and management recognize their rights, values, knowledge, and customs. Traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Forest landscapes provide a wide range of products, services and cultural values that support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Relationships between ITP and the State are often contentious and new modes of governance are needed that can accommodate differing values and perspectives. Qualitative methodologies have contributed to developing concepts and theory, but quantitative and comparative studies are needed to support broader applicability. SUMMARY This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the diversity of international research on the multiple ways in which Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) are engaged in occupying and governing forest landscapes, consistent with their rights, values, knowledge and customs. This Introduction begins by reviewing our evolving understanding of two key questions: what rights are held by ITP; and how “Indigenous” and “Traditional” are actually defined. Papers in this Special Issue examine different concepts in more than a dozen countries on five continents and, while each study and each people is distinct, we identify several common themes. Firstly, traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Secondly, early efforts to use forests to promote economic development have given way to a deeper understanding of the ways in which diverse products, services, and cultural values of forest landscapes support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Thirdly, governance is a common theme in this Special Issue, especially in terms of relations between ITP and the State and in the effectiveness of policies and programs. A fourth theme is that of understanding how the knowledge, practices and values of individuals and groups can help predict perceptions of forests and preferences for management. Finally, this Special Issue showcases a wide variety of methodological approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, helping researchers recognize the advantages and limits of each. Taken together, the papers in this Special Issue illustrate multiple characteristics of relationships between ITP and forest landscapes, and their aspirations to maintain their culture, their knowledge, their rights, and their livelihoods. Ce numéro spécial présente un tour d'horizon de la recherche internationale sur les multiples façons dont les peuples autochtones et traditionnels (PAT) assument leur rôle dans l'occupation et la gouvernance des paysages forestiers, conformément à leurs droits, valeurs, connaissances et coutumes. Cette introduction se pen","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"257 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects on Deforestation of Conditional Cash Transfers: A Study among the Khĩsêtjê Amazonian Indigenous People","authors":"P. R. Cunha, C. R. Neto, C. Morsello","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941869","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) might change land-use decisions of indigenous people, increasing deforestation. Two agent-based models were adopted to evaluate that, varying in their assumptions about time allocation decisions. Results indicate that CCTs would likely decrease the time allocated to agriculture and the area deforested. Alternative assumptions about time allocation decisions changed results. The reduction in deforestation predictions was lower with the minimum working time assumption (Time Budget). SUMMARY Smallholders' contribution to Amazonian deforestation is currently increasing. In Indigenous Lands, changes in land uses might be partially due to the unintended effects of anti-poverty strategies, including the Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), which may promote the conversion of forests to agricultural lands. Despite that, little is known about whether and how CCTs affect long-term deforestation rates. Thus, this study has assessed whether CCTs influenced long-term land-use changes from forests to agriculture, considering alternative time allocation assumptions (i.e., Time Optimisation and Time Budget). Transfers from the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program to the Khĩsêtjê indigenous people of the Amazon were evaluated with two agent-based models. Results suggest CCTs will likely decrease the area deforested in the long term without changing Khĩsêtjê's population size. When market-purchased products replace local products, people's time allocated to agriculture is expected to fall. The intensity of CCT effects on deforestation varied according to time allocation assumptions, highlighting the importance of considering them carefully to improve the predictions from model simulations. A contribuição dos produtores familiares para o desmatamento da Amazônia está atualmente aumentando. Em Terras Indígenas, as mudanças nos usos da terra podem ser parcialmente devidas aos efeitos não intencionais de estratégias de combate à pobreza, incluindo as Transferências Condicionais de Renda (CCTs) que podem estimular a conversão de florestas em terras agrícolas. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre se e como os CCTs afetam as taxas de desmatamento de longo prazo. Assim, este estudo avaliou se os CCTs influenciavam as mudanças de longo prazo no uso da terra de florestas para agricultura, considerando premissas alternativas de alocação de tempo (ou seja, Otimização de Tempo e Orçamento Temporal). As transferências do Programa Bolsa Família brasileiro para o povo indígena Khĩsêtjê da Amazônia foram avaliadas com dois modelos baseados em agentes. Os resultados sugerem que os CCTs provavelmente diminuirão a área desmatada no longo prazo, sem alterar o tamanho da população Khĩsêtjê. Quando os produtos comprados no mercado substituem os produtos locais, espera-se que o tempo das pessoas dedicado à agricultura diminua. A intensidade dos efeitos do CCT sobre o desmatamento variou de acordo com as premissas de alocação de tempo, destacando a impor","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"330 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44497026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Costs and Benefits of Certification for Community Forests Managed by Traditional Peoples in South-Eastern Tanzania","authors":"G. Frey, S. Charnley, J. Makala","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941832","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Certification of community forests managed by traditional peoples in Tanzania has monetary costs that exceed financial returns. Community forest managers had overall positive views of certification, believing it should be maintained despite the costs. Forest management activities associated with certification were perceived as more worthwhile than not, with benefits more frequent than drawbacks. Major social benefits of certification perceived by traditional peoples included promoting worker health and safety, strengthening tenure rights, and sustaining forest benefits into the future. SUMMARY Community forests managed by indigenous, traditional, and local communities must be environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable for their benefits to persist. Certification of community forests communicates that products harvested there meet these standards. However, certification of community forests has been limited, particularly in Africa. Financial analysis, review of audit reports, and a survey of forest managers were used to explore monetary and non-monetary social costs and benefits of Forest Stewardship Council certification for 14 timber-producing community forests managed by traditional peoples in south-eastern Tanzania. Direct monetary costs of certification outweighed monetary benefits, threatening economic sustainability. Nevertheless, forest managers believed that community forests should retain certification because they valued its non-monetary benefits, which were consistent with the Forest Stewardship Council's social principles. This study demonstrates that certification of community forests can help indigenous and traditional peoples ensure safe working conditions, strengthen forest tenure rights, sustain multiple community benefits, and protect culturally-important sites, however, financial barriers persist. Misitu ya vijiji inayosimamiwa na wanajamii imekuwa ikiwapatia manufaa mengi wanajamii husika. Ili iweze kuwa endlevu, ni lazima misitu hii ikidhi malengo ya kimazingira, kijamii na kiuchumi. Hata hivyo, uthibitishaji wa Misitu upo kwa kiasi kidogo sana hususani katika Bara la Africa. Faida za kifedha na zizizo za kifedha za Uthibitishaji Misitu chini ya FSC zimefanyiwa utafiti kupitia tathmini ya kifedha, uchambuzi wa taarifa za ukaguzi na mahojiano na wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za vijiji (Mameneja wa Misitu) katika vijiji 14 vinavyouza mbao chini ya Mpango wa Usimamizi Shirikishi wa Misitu kusini mashariki mwa Tanzania. Utafitu huu unaonyesha kuwa gharama za kifedha za uthibitishaji ni kubwa kuliko faida zisizo za kifedha. Hata hivyo, Mameneja wa Misitu ya vijiji (Wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za Vijiji), wanaamini kuwa Misitu ya Vijiji ni bora ikaendeleza Ushibitishaji wa Misitu kwa sababu wananufaika na faida zisizo za kifedha ambazo zinaendana na kanuni za uthibitishaji Misitu. Utafiti huu unadhihirisha kuwa Uthibitishaji Misitu katika muktadha wa misitu ya vijiji unaweza kusaidia wanajamii kuwahakiki","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"360 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal Cooperation Among Communities and Governments for Sustainable Village Woodlands in Wando County, South Korea","authors":"S. Cho, Y. Youn, D. Kweon","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941850","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Village leaders' participation in village woodland management is more important than that of the wider public in terms of woodland sustainability. Villagers communicate better with the state regarding village woodland management if they have experience of receiving government funding compared with those who have not. Communities with common woodlands regulated by the state, such as national parks and cultural heritage sites, are more effective in collaborative forest management than those not regulated by the state. Horizontal cooperative networks between villages and government help village woodlands to be managed sustainably. Provided autonomous villagers are given their rights in woodland management decision-making, even under a co-management arrangement, the sustainability of village woodlands can be enhanced. SUMMARY Understanding the influence of the wider society on village woodlands is important for their conservation. Twenty village woodlands in Wando County, South Korea, were investigated in order to assess the role of local governance in the sustainability of village woodlands. It was found that the active participation of village leaders in the conservation of village woodlands matters more than the active participation of villagers. Village woodlands are more likely to be preserved when they are managed as protected areas such as national parks or national natural heritage sites controlled by the state. Many village communities in Korea have management plans and maintain traditional knowledge while creating and protecting their village forests over several hundred years. The government has been providing a systematic infrastructure and financial support to manage the village forests and to promote the participation of village communities. The communities and local and central governments share the common goal of sustainable village woodlands and cooperate through open communications, including consultations and solving disputes, seeking the way toward village woodlands' sustainability. The result of this study suggests that village communities and the state need to cooperate horizontally in order to establish and maintain sustainable village woodlands. Comprendre l'influence de la société au sens large sur les terres boisées villageoises est important pour leur conservation. Vingt villages ont été examinés dans le comté du Wando en Corée du Sud, afin d'évaluer le rôle de la gouvernance locale dans la durabilité des bois villageois. Il fut découvert que la participation active des dirigeants villageois dans la conservation des terres boisées villageoises est plus importante que celle des villageois eux-mêmes. Il est plus probable que ces bois villageois soient préservés quand ils sont gérés en tant que zones protégées, telles que des parcs nationaux ou des sites d'héritage naturel contrôlés par l'état. Plusieurs communautés villageoises en Corée possèdent des plans de gestion et maintiennent une connaissance traditionnelle ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"315 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploration of the Connection between Tree Cover and Selected Development Indicators in Kenya's Devolved Units","authors":"S. Chisika, C. Yeom","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629532","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Tree cover helps to promote environmental stability and socio-economic development. There are limited datasets on the contribution of trees and forests to socio-economic growth at local, regional and global level. Successful tree cover expansion activities should acknowledge the contextual sensitivity of the wider tree planting environment. In Kenya, the contextual sensitivity analysis of each devolved unit should, particularlyrecognize the influence of county GDP per capita and HDI. Devolved units in Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs) have the greatest potential for tree cover expansion and should be the focus of tree planting programmes. SUMMARY This study analyzes cross sectional data on the association between tree cover and selected socio-economic development indicators in Kenya's devolved units for the purpose of generating new knowledge needed for enhancing the implementation of tree cover expansion initiatives. Results substantiate that tree cover supports many productive sectors of Kenya's economy. As such, there is a moderately positive correlation between county tree cover and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and HDI (Human Development Index) (r = 0.38, p = .005, one tail). These results imply the need for careful planning and understanding that county GDP per capita and HDI are the most critical socio-economic factors affecting tree cover expansion in devolved units. As such, this paper recommends various actions in order to improve tree cover in the devolved units. Cette étude analyse les données inter sectionnelles de l'association du couvert forestier à des indicateurs de développement socio-économiques sélectionnés dans les unités décentralisées du Kenya. Le but est de fournir l'information critique nécessaire au renforcement de la mise en œuvre des projets d'expansion du couvert forestier, des politiques et des programmes. Les résultats confirment qu'il existe une corrélation modérément positive entre le couvert forestier d'un comté et le produit domestique brut (GDP) par habitant et l'index de développement humain (HDI) (r = 0.38, p = .005, une queue). Ces résultats impliquent un besoin de planifier avec soin et de comprendre que le GDP du comté et le HDI sont les facteurs critiques socio-économiques principaux qui affectent l'expansion du couvert forestier dans les unités décentralisées du Kenya. Ce papier recommande diverses actions pour améliorer le couvert forestier dans les unités décentralisées. Este estudio analiza datos transversales sobre la asociación entre la cobertura forestal y determinados indicadores de desarrollo socioeconómico en las unidades descentralizadas de Kenia con el fin de generar nuevos conocimientos necesarios para mejorar la puesta en práctica de iniciativas de incremento de la cubierta forestal. Los resultados corroboran que la cubierta forestal apoya a muchos sectores productivos de la economía de Kenia. Como tal, existe una correlación moderadamente positiva entre la cobertura fore","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"145 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47958088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber Business in West Africa: A Review and Outlook","authors":"J. Uzu, P. Bettinger, J. Siry, B. Mei","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629578","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Low wood processing capacity of the West African countries is a recurrent theme. All seven countries studied are net importers of wood pulp and paper. Opportunities exist to meet the high local demand for wood charcoal products and the potential for increased exports. An influx of private investment may be required to stimulate interest in wood processing capacities. An over-dependence on natural forests appears to be the norm for all forest products. A transition to a plantation-driven forest products market may address long-term forest sustainability. SUMMARY Forestry activities are important to the economies of West African nations. This paper aims to assess the current state of forest business in the sub-region, identify factors that may limit the development of the sector and suggest possible solutions. To achieve these objectives, we examined relevant literature and forest statistics from peer-reviewed journals, government publications, and reports from development agencies. Seven West African countries were purposively selected for this study. The results showed that the subregion's forest product trade involves mostly unprocessed logs sourced from natural forests, with plantation forests constituting only 0.35%–3.7% of the focus countries' forest areas. Also, the results from our statistical models showed that GDP per capita had a significant effect on wood production in the focus countries whereas the economic freedom score had no significant effect. The fixed effects revealed that if Nigeria and Ghana had the same GDP per capita as the other focus countries, their wood production would be higher than the other countries. We argue that wood production is likely to increase as the living standards in these countries improve, possibly from increased local demand. However, the lack of robust financial and economic models backing up sound forest management in these countries might discourage new private forest investments. Les activités forestières sont importantes pour les économies des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ce document vise à évaluer l'état actuel des affaires forestières dans la sous-région, identifier les facteurs qui peuvent limiter le développement du secteur et suggérer des solutions possibles. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons examiné la littérature pertinente et les statistiques forestières issues de revues à comité de lecture, de publications gouvernementales et de rapports d'agences de développement. Sept pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ont été délibérément sélectionnés pour cette étude. Les résultats ont montré que le commerce des produits forestiers de la sous-région implique principalement des grumes non transformées provenant de forêts naturelles, les plantations forestières ne constituant que 0,35% à 3,7% des superficies forestières des pays cibles. De plus, les résultats de nos modèles statistiques ont montré que le PIB par habitant avait un effet significatif sur la production de bois dans les pays cibles a","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"240 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Assessment of Community Forest Management: Lessons from a Cross-Sectional Study of Timber Management Systems in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"G. Medina, B. Pokorny","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629541","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Only a few community forest management systems in the Amazon are viable. Community forest management systems require large investments and subsidies. Only large-scale production and low levels of timber processing are viable. There is urgent need to adapt to community forestry systems in the Amazon. Systems should respond to the interests and capacities of local resource users. SUMMARY To understand the financial feasibility of externally-driven community forestry management (CFM), this study assesses twelve CFM systems in the Brazilian Amazon classified as particularly successful by supporting organizations. The study showed that significant investments were necessary to set up the initiatives, including pre-financing the annual operational costs. Only three of the twelve management systems were found to be financially viable. These successful cases were able to follow the Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) guidelines due to the large scale of their operations. The smaller initiatives were not financially autonomous. The findings indicate that the legal regulations and technical principles of the CFM approach do not correspond to the capacities and realities of typical local forest users in the Brazilian Amazon. There is an urgent need to better adapt this approach to the interests and capacities of local resource users. Pour comprendre la viabilité de la gestion de la forêt communautaire (CFM) opérée de l'extérieur, cette étude évalue douze systèmes de CFM dans l'Amazonie brésilienne, identifiées comme étant particulièrement positives par des organisations de soutien. L'étude a montré que des investissements conséquents sont nécessaires pour amorcer ces initiatives, incluant l'avance du financement des coûts opérationnels annuels, lesquels représentent un fardeau majeur pour les communautés, une fois que le soutien extérieur s'achève. Seuls trois des douze systèmes de gestion se sont révélés viables financièrement. Ces cas à succès parvenaient à suivre les lignes de conduite de la Réduction de l'impact de la coupe de bois (RIL), développées pour les opérations de compagnies du bois mécanisées à grande échelle, du fait de l'ampleur de leurs opérations. Les initiatives moindres n'étaient pas autonomes financièrement. Les résultats indiquent que les régulations légales et les principes techniques de l'approche de CFM ne correspondent pas aux capacités et aux réalités des utilisateurs forestiers de l'Amazonie brésilienne. Le besoin de mieux adapter cette approche aux intérêts et aux capacités des utilisateurs locaux des ressources est urgent. Para analizar la viabilidad financiera de la gestión forestal comunitaria (GFC), este estudio evaluó 12 sistemas de gestión llevados a cabo en la Amazonía brasileña y clasificados como exitosos por sus organizaciones de apoyo. El estudio mostró que fueron necesarias inversiones significativas para poner las iniciativas en marcha, incluido el prefinanciamiento de los costos operativos anuales. Solo tres de","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"197 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43830056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Cultural Identity of Sacred Groves in Togo","authors":"K. Hounkpati, K. Adjonou, K. Kokou","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629550","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Togo has more than 780 sacred groves, covering 3 628 ha. Five vegetation formations were recorded in the sacred groves: dry semi-deciduous forests, woodlands, tree savannas, shrub savannas and mangroves. Sacred groves are distributed among 25 ethnic groups and 6 major socio-cultural groups. The largest number of sacred groves were recorded with the Adja-Ewé ethnic group located in the south of the country. This study highlights the opportunities that sacred groves present for the Forest Landscape Restoration initiative and implementation of REDD+ strategies in Togo. SUMMARY Sacred groves are important for biodiversity conservation but they face several threats. This study explores the contribution of these forest to the Togo Forest Landscape Restoration initiative and REDD+ implementation, based on inventories and systematic mapping. The results reveal that Togo has more than 780 sacred groves which cover 3,627.68 ha. The vegetation types cover by the sacred groves are woodlands (1 974.3 ha), dry semi-deciduous forests (882.52 ha) and tree savannas (537.82 ha). Many deities and vocations were associated with the sacred groves; ceremonial and prayer sacred groves (80,86%), voodoo and conservation sacred groves (12,46%), cemetery or burial sacred groves (3,11%), residence or retreat sacred groves (2.52%), secret meetings, and festivities or celebrations sacred groves (1,03%). These results highlight the need to consider sacred groves within the framework of the Togo Forest Landscape Restoration initiative and implementation of REDD+ strategies. Les forêts sacrées sont reconnues comme de véritables patrimoines de conservation de la biodiversité. Cependant, plusieurs menaces conduisent à une disparition de ces îlots forestiers. Cette étude vise à explorer la contribution de ces forêts dans l'Initiative de Restauration des Paysages Forestiers (AFR100) et la mise en œuvre de la REDD+, en mettant en évidence la distribution géographique, les caractéristiques végétales et les identités culturelles de ces forêts. Les résultats révèlent que le Togo compte plus de 780 FS qui couvrent une superficie estimée à 3627,68 ha. Les Ilots de forêt les plus dominants sont les forêts claires (1 974,3 ha), les forêts denses (882,52 ha) et les savanes boisées (537,82 ha). Plusieurs vocations et divinités sont associées aux forêts sacrées; les forêts de cérémonies et de prières (80,86%), les forêts sacrées fétiches et de conservation (12,46%), les forêts sacrées cimetières ou à enterrement (3,11%), les forêts sacrées de résidence ou couvent (2.52%), les forêts sacrées de réunions secrètes, de réjouissances ou célébrations (1,03%). Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance des forêts sacrées dans la mise en œuvre des Initiatives de Restauration du Paysage Forestier au Togo et dans l'implémentation de la stratégie de la REDD+. Las arboledas sagradas son importantes para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, se enfrentan a diferentes amenazas. Es","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"163 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}